Deck 24: The Rise and Fall of the Muslim Empires

Question 1

The Ottoman Empire under Orhan was decidedly

A) feudalistic.
B) tolerant.
C) wealthy.
D) cosmopolitan.
E) modern.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The battle of Ain Jalut

A) brought much needed peace to Spain.
B) kept Turkey free of Mongol rule.
C) led to the death of the Islamic caliph in 1250.
D) gave the Turks direct access to Asia Minor for the first time.
E) led to the establishment of the Rum Sultanate in eastern Asia Minor.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Compare and contrast the leadership of Mehmed the Conqueror and Suleiman the Magnificent. What about each man made him "the right person at the right time" for his people?

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

In the Ottoman Empire, ghazis were

A) spiritual leaders.
B) religious gatherings.
C) frontier warriors.
D) enemies of the state.
E) the unconverted.

Question 5

Under Turkish domination, the majority of the Balkan population became/remained

A) Muslim.
B) Orthodox Christian.
C) Protestant.
D) Catholic.
E) Jewish.

Question 6

Delineate the development of the Mughal Empire in India. Who were the greatest Mughal leaders? Defend your answer.

Question 7

It would be most accurate to say that under the Ottoman Sublime Porte

A) religion and civilian authority shared equal status.
B) the Ottoman army was controlled by the secular bureaucracy.
C) the Shaykh al-Islam, appointed by the sultan, lent his moral authority to the civil bureaucracy.
D) the grand vizier deferred to the Shaykh al-Islam.
E) converts to Islam could not serve as officials in the civil government.

Question 8

The main purpose of Osman's early state was to

A) become economically viable.
B) convert captured peoples to Islam.
C) wage holy war against the Byzantine Christians.
D) bring peace to Asia Minor.
E) gain territory.

Question 9

In the Balkans after the 17^th century, relations between Ottoman rulers and their Balkan Christian subjects

A) steadily improved.
B) improved dramatically.
C) deteriorated.
D) remained much the same.
E) improved slightly.

Question 10

Describe and discuss the establishment of the Ottoman Empire. What were the most successful tactics of the Ottomans? How did they treat those they conquered?

Question 11

An Ottoman prime minister carried the title

A) Grand Khan.
B) Grand Mufti.
C) Grand Vizier.
D) Grand Mughal.
E) Grand Marshal.

Question 12

The "People of the Book" were

A) Christians.
B) Turks.
C) Jews.
D) both a and b
E) both a and c

Question 13

Describe life within the Safavid Empire. What was the size of the Safavids' territory? How did the empire arise? Describe the rulers who held the empire together.

Question 14

The Janissaries were kept loyal to the central government through

A) the use of their families as hostages.
B) their constant movement and their salaries.
C) threats and surveillance.
D) their perceived sense of having a special status.
E) the threat of Allah's wrath should they veer from their prescribed duty.

Question 15

By the 1450s, all of the Balkans south of Hungary had been absorbed into the Ottoman Empire except for

A) Ain Jalut.
B) Baghdad.
C) Manzihert.
D) Constantinople.
E) Budapest.

Question 16

In the sufi, or dervish, orders of Islam,

A) control rested with spiritual warriors sent to spread the faith.
B) religious associations were often organized along secret lines similar to the Masons.
C) the brotherhoods were called ghazis .
D) the shaykh was believed to be the son of Allah.
E) warfare was rejected as a means of making converts.

Question 17

By the 1450s, all of the Balkans south of Hungary had been absorbed into the Ottoman Empire except for

A) Ain Jalut.
B) Baghdad.
C) Manzihert.
D) Constantinople.
E) Budapest.

Question 18

The Battle of Manzihert

A) overthrew the Rum Sultanate.
B) halted the jihad against the Christians.
C) gave the Turks access to Asia Minor.
D) led to the capture of Constantinople.
E) was the final victory for the Byzantines.

Question 19

Which do you think was more significant in world history, the Battle of Manzihert or the Treaty of Karlowitz? Defend your answer.

Question 20

Which of the following was not true of the Janissaries?

A) Janissaries could not be members of the Sublime Porte.
B) Some of the greatest Ottoman leaders had once been Janissaries.
C) The Janissaries had many opportunities to move up through the ranks of the army.
D) They were Balkan Christian boys who were kidnapped and converted to Islam.
E) They termed themselves "willing slaves of the sultan."

Question 21

In 1453, ____________________ the ____________________ captured Constantinople, and its name was changed to ____________________.

Question 22

The Sikh religion

A) arose as a protest against the dominant Hindu faith.
B) today claims about 10 percent of the total population of India.
C) led to warfare with Babur in the early days of the Mughal Empire.
D) is somewhat closer to Islam than to Hinduism.
E) began as a blend of Hinduism and Islam but later became a separate faith.

Question 23

The janissaries were an elite Ottoman military corps made up of ____________________ youth captured in the ____________________.

Question 24

After the murder of his favorite son, Suleiman

A) broke apart his harem so that nothing like that could happen again, and had his favorite wife, instigator of the plot, executed.
B) began once again to take part in the annual jihads, during one of which he was killed.
C) began to defer to his viziers and military officials, resulting in Ottoman defeat by the Europeans.
D) threw himself into the day-to-day affairs of his empire to assuage his grief.
E) turned the empire over to his royal council, the divan , and retired from public life.

Question 25

The Shi'ite-Sunni division originally developed over a question of

A) the practice of purdah.
B) religious toleration.
C) how to conclude the jihad.
D) who should succeed Muhammad.
E) whether new territory should be sought.

Question 26

Suleiman the Magnificent reigned at the same time as ____________________ of England and ____________________ in Russia.

Question 27

The legacy of Ottoman rule in the Balkans has been

A) religious unity.
B) poverty.
C) a sense of alienation.
D) ethnic and religious strife.
E) economic hardship.

Question 28

The Mughal leader who built the Taj Mahal was

A) Babur.
B) Jahan.
C) Jahangir.
D) Aurangzeb.
E) Abar.

Question 29

The Ottoman Empire began

A) as a Shia dervish order.
B) as a ghazi frontier state.
C) as a Byzantine state.
D) subordinate to the Abbasid caliphs.
E) as a combination of three formerly competing dynasties.

Question 30

The Ottoman Empire began as a/an ____________________ state, or one made up of ____________________ ____________________.

Question 31

The one major city that Suleiman tried but failed to capture was

A) Baghdad.
B) Constantinople.
C) Madrid.
D) Vienna.
E) Algiers.

Question 32

The Battle of ____________________ gave the Turks access to Asia Minor for the first time and allowed them to establish the ____________________ Sultanate there.

Question 33

In the 1720s, the Ottoman Empire collapsed under repeated attacks from the

A) Turks and Iraqis.
B) Mongols and Afghanis.
C) Persians and Afganis.
D) Persians and Turks.
E) Afghanis and Turks.

Question 34

The most outstanding of the Mughal Emperors was

A) Jahangir.
B) Shah Jahan.
C) Akbar.
D) Babur.
E) Aurangzeb.

Question 35

Which of these was not an accomplishment of Suleiman?

A) the seizure of Iraq
B) taking control of the arrangements for the pilgrimage to Mecca
C) the remodeling of Muhammad's tomb
D) remodeling of the Dome of the Rock
E) defeat of the Abbasids

Question 36

The reign of Shah Abbas has been recognized as the high point of Safavid rule in

A) Palestine.
B) Persia.
C) Iraq.
D) Turkey.
E) northern India.

Question 37

The Delhi Sultanate of the 1200s in India

A) lasted until conquered by the Mongols in the 1530s.
B) were less than successful in forcing their Hindu subjects to convert to Islam.
C) was established by a group operating out of a base in Iran.
D) was headed by a powerful Hindu ruler of central India.
E) found that the only thing they shared with their subjects was language, which could not overcome religious differences.

Question 38

The significance of the Treaty of Karlowitz was that

A) Austria finally surrendered the city of Vienna.
B) the Ottoman sultans agreed to vacate Spain.
C) Constantinople became an international city.
D) the Ottoman army never again went on the offensive.
E) the Ottoman sultan for the first time had to surrender territory to Europeans.

Question 39

Which of these took place during the 1500s?

A) An Afghan leader, Babur, established the Mughal Muslim Indian dynasty.
B) The Turks established the Delhi Sultanate.
C) Religious wars between the Hindus and Muslims decimated the Indian subcontinent.
D) Akbar forced Jews and Christians within his empire to convert to Islam.
E) The Mughal Empire lost control of central India.

Question 40

Akbar's most noteworthy accomplishment was

A) religious and social toleration.
B) establishment of the Shi'ite state.
C) the Taj Mahal.
D) the conquest of Greece.
E) governmental reorganization.

Question 41

Shi'ites reject all of Muhammad's successors who are not related to him by ____________________ or ____________________.

Question 42

A popular move of Akbar's was eliminating the high ____________________ tax on non-Muslim subjects.

Question 43

The most outstanding of the Ottoman sultans, under whom the empire reached its peak, was ____________________ the ____________________.

Question 44

Shah Jahan was the person responsible for the construction of the ____________________ ____________________.

Question 45

Safavid power reached its height during the reign of ____________________ ____________________.