Deck 32: Europes Industrialization and Its Social Impacts

Question 1

Which of the following was not a prerequisite for industrial production?

A) increased world trade
B) an expansion in the flow of money
C) increased population
D) a monopoly on the invention of new products
E) experienced managers and entrepreneurs

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which is the truest statement about railroads of the 1860s?

A) they were owned mainly by private concerns.
B) Bankruptcy was quite uncommon.
C) Most lines were in government hands.
D) They were slow in spreading outside Britain.
E) The United States resisted the building of railroads because of the great distances to be covered.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Examine the implications of the advent of machine technology and of the factory system.

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

The two basic raw materials controlled by Britain were

A) flax and peat.
B) coal and cotton.
C) cotton and flax.
D) oil and iron.
E) silk and sugar.

Question 5

Describe and discuss the trends that encouraged the Industrial Revolution in Europe.

Question 6

Jean Jacques Rousseau was one of several reformers who encouraged parents to

A) discipline their children strictly.
B) lavish more love and affection on their children.
C) see that children received a decent education.
D) care for their children even though they might well not live to adulthood.
E) care for their children so that their children would care for them in their old age.

Question 7

Changes in the European diet, with more variety and better nutrition

A) resulted in part from improved agricultural technologies in Eastern Europe.
B) led to the end of serfdom in Western Europe.
C) provided a chance for the poor to lessen their dependence on the potato as a food crop.
D) was aided by growing serfdom in Eastern Europe that provided extra grain for the western areas.
E) led to more heart disease.

Question 8

Changes in social habits after 1750 were most likely due to

A) science competing with religion due to the Enlightenment.
B) a resurgence in Puritanism.
C) increased overseas trade.
D) a global economic depression.
E) the Enlightenment's stress on education.

Question 9

The most experienced entrepreneurs in the 18^th century were the

A) Spanish.
B) Dutch.
C) Russians.
D) English.
E) Americans.

Question 10

During the 18^th century, steam power became the standard energy source through engines designed by

A) Boulton and Arkwright.
B) Boulton and Cartwright.
C) Boulton and Crompton.
D) Boulton and Watt.
E) Boulton and Whitney.

Question 11

Which of the following was true of early railroads?

A) The first line in Britain connected a coastal industrial town with an inland mining community.
B) By 18850, trains could travel at the incredible speed of 70 miles per hours.
C) Running railroads was expensive, with the result that many early entrepreneurs went bankrupt.
D) In many countries, the government assumed the responsibility of building and running railroads.
E) Most European countries were building railroads by the 1840s, with the notable exception of Russia.

Question 12

As agricultural improvements spread from Holland to Britain, landlords there

A) waited to see how successful the Dutch would be.
B) made a few changed that brought somewhat increased crop yields for local villagers.
C) enthusiastically adopted the new techniques and began to produce crops for sale in the cities.
D) hesitated to change methods, concerned about what would happen to their loyal workers.
E) rejected the enclosed field system, because their plots of land were so small.

Question 13

With the advent of factory production, workers

A) enjoyed better working conditions.
B) had less say in salary matters.
C) became almost like slaves.
D) had more say in salary matters.
E) were still the employers' working partners.

Question 14

Chart and delineate the various phases of the Industrial Revolution.

Question 15

During the mid-1700s, most people believed that moving up in society during one's lifetime was

A) unrealistic.
B) impossible.
C) easily accomplished.
D) extremely uncommon.
E) do-able if one worked hard.

Question 16

Describe and discuss ways in which family life and social patterns changed in the face of the new changes brought about industrialization and urbanization in society.

Question 17

Explain changes in health and living standards brought about by industrialization and urbanization.

Question 18

In the mid-1700s, but before industrialization reached its stride,

A) men and women began to marry later.
B) more people lived to an older age.
C) the rate of out-of-wedlock births decreased.
D) extended families tended to live together in one household.
E) women usually married at the average of twenty-seven.

Question 19

The one thing most instrumental in bringing about modern agriculture was

A) enclosures replacing open fields.
B) crop rotation.
C) manure fertilizers.
D) hybrid seed.
E) the heavy plow.

Question 20

One of the main items produced by early factories that changed peoples' lives for the better was

A) trousers.
B) shoes.
C) shirts.
D) blouses.
E) underwear.

Question 21

Which of the following actually changed least during the 1800s?

A) medical care
B) education
C) diet and nutrition
D) economic opportunity
E) agriculture

Question 22

England's textile industry was centered in the city of

A) Manchester.
B) London.
C) Bristol.
D) Liverpool.
E) Kent.

Question 23

The ____________________ Wars long acted to hinder continental European industrial development.

Question 24

Cotton came mainly from British colonies in ____________________ and ____________________ ____________________.

Question 25

British mill towns of the 1800s were known for their

A) surprising focus on education.
B) lack of sanitation.
C) medical care for mill workers.
D) industrial pollution.
E) efforts to improve overall living conditions for their workers.

Question 26

____________________ ____________________ was the inventor of the "Spinning Jenny."

Question 27

In early 19^th century British factories, young girls were most often employed as machinists because

A) they would work harder.
B) they were more intelligent.
C) they were generally skilled.
D) they would work for lower wages.
E) they could crawl through machinery to make repairs.

Question 28

The general attitude toward infants and young children before the 18^th century was one of

A) outgoing concern.
B) acknowledgment of their value.
C) emotional detachment.
D) indulgence.
E) cheerful optimism.

Question 29

In 18^th - 19^th century Europe, servants

A) were found in almost every household.
B) were on the decline as a class.
C) were found only in upper-class households.
D) included only women.
E) were male only.

Question 30

The governing class in Western European cities in the 18^th century was composed of

A) the aristocracy and the wealthiest commoners, who had intermarried.
B) the military commanders responsible to the royal government.
C) the masses of urban commoners who had obtained the vote.
D) the hereditary aristocracy.
E) the few young people who were financially able to attend universities.

Question 31

In the 18^th century, an unmarried woman was generally

A) ignored.
B) exploited.
C) respected.
D) institutionalized.
E) forced into a nunnery.

Question 32

The Second Industrial Revolution was powered by

A) American ingenuity.
B) electricity.
C) coal.
D) British determination.
E) steam.

Question 33

During the early Industrial Age, middle class families

A) sought to acquire the trappings of wealth displayed by society's elite.
B) began to consider revolutions that would be undertaken to "balance" society better.
C) spent most of their time working and caring for each other.
D) saw their living standards increase substantially.
E) spent a great deal of time traveling and entertaining.

Question 34

Most of the population that began migrating from rural to urban areas might be classified as

A) middle aged.
B) uneducated.
C) young.
D) religious.
E) female.

Question 35

The English census of 1851 revealed that, for the first time,

A) Britain's economy dominated Europe.
B) Manchester surpassed London as a population center.
C) a majority of Britain's population lived in urban areas.
D) the male population surpassed that of the female.
E) England no longer had a frontier.

Question 36

The key to industrialization as a mechanical process was ____________________.

Question 37

The basic aim of industrial production is to

A) provide more employment opportunities for the labor force.
B) allow a greater variety of jobs.
C) lower the unit cost of production.
D) discipline and organize the labor force more efficiently.
E) move farm workers into cities to work in factories.

Question 38

The nobles would ultimately face their most severe challenge during the French Revolution from the

A) upwardly mobile lower middle class.
B) underfed and overworked peasantry.
C) wealth- and power-seeking Catholic church.
D) working class men desperate to feed their families.
E) monarchy.

Question 39

The most significant addition to the diet of the European poor of the 18^th century was

A) citrus fruit.
B) melons.
C) the potato.
D) maize.
E) rice.

Question 40

The first significant commercial railroads linked the British industrial centers of ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 41

The ____________________ Acts (1819 and 1833) limited the employment of minors.

Question 42

The very earliest factories were often staffed by entire ____________________.

Question 43

Until the 18^th century, the ____________________ rate among infants and younger children was extremely high.

Question 44

Before the 18^th century, the usual attitude toward ____________________ in a family was mixture of caution and indifference.

Question 45

As time passed, ____________________ and ____________________ replaced adult and family units in unskilled factory positions.