Deck 35: Consolidation of National States

Question 1

Describe and analyze the "new" post-1865 United States. How was the foundation laid for its future role as a global superpower?

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

The first real failure of the international system established by the Vienna Treaty was the

A) Franco-Prussian War.
B) Crimean War.
C) Austro-Prussian War.
D) Franco-Austrian War.
E) none of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In Russia, the most basic duties of the citizens included

A) paying taxes and serving in the army.
B) serving in the army and working the land.
C) working the land and paying taxes.
D) serving on the village councils.
E) spying on their neighbors.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The Crimean War was settled by the 1856 treaty known as the Peace of

A) Frankfurt.
B) Berlin.
C) Augsburg.
D) Paris.
E) Villafranca.

Question 5

About the only thing that Napoleon III accomplished for France was to

A) lessen his government's authoritarianism.
B) set the country on the course to industrial development.
C) get the country out of a war with Mexico.
D) maintain a close alliance with the Catholic church.
E) help the French people come to see the importance of the capital city, Paris.

Question 6

The real importance of the zemtsvo boards to Russia was that they

A) settled local matters more equitably.
B) became elected, rather than appoint, officials.
C) served as a breeding ground for the reformers and liberals who would later try to mediate between Russia and its revolutionaries.
D) supported Alexander in his assertion that Russia was not yet ready for a constitution or an elected legislature.
E) oversaw the distribution of the land to the serfs and settled questions of ownership as they arose.

Question 7

The major reform initiated by Czar Alexander II was

A) the abolition (such as it was) of serfdom.
B) an overhaul of the law courts.
C) universal manhood suffrage.
D) prison reform.
E) a revamping of the military.

Question 8

How did Bismarck's policy of realpolitik weld German states into a united German Empire in only nine years?

Question 9

In the early 1870s, the majority of Frenchmen were actually

A) Bonapartists.
B) Socialists.
C) Republicans.
D) monarchists.
E) anarchists.

Question 10

In what ways and through what processes was Italy united into one nation between 1859 and 1870?

Question 11

Which of these would not have been found in Russian revolutionary circles in any great number during the last quarter of the 19^th century?

A) anarchist intellectuals
B) disaffected estate owners
C) orthodox Marxists
D) nihilistic terrorists
E) peasant communes

Question 12

Which best characterizes the Second French Empire: liberalism or dictatorship? Defend your answer.

Question 13

Napoleon III began to liberalize his imperial regime because of

A) foreign policy failures.
B) hostility from socialists.
C) comparatively high taxation.
D) his alliance with Austria.
E) threats to overthrow him.

Question 14

Most of the people who controlled southern France in the 1800s were

A) landed aristocrats with a stake in making their lands successful.
B) Church officials who owned much of the best land.
C) absentee landlords who cared little for the peasants on their land.
D) liberals bent on industrialization, even if the region was better for farming.
E) the few who had enough financial resources to import new agricultural machinery.

Question 15

What modern political tool did Louis Napoleon use to good effect in becoming the autocratic ruler of France, Louis III?

A) old-style authoritarianism
B) baby-kissing
C) modern propaganda
D) liberal policies
E) inclusiveness in his inner circle

Question 16

Otto von Bismarck's greatest desire was to

A) become part of a country that would consist of Austria, Germany, and Hungary.
B) see Kaiser William I, whom he despised, removed as leader of Germany.
C) create a German state that would exclude the Austrians but would take most of their territory.
D) provoke Austria into going to war against the Germans.
E) unify all of the Germans under one government, headquartered in Berlin.

Question 17

What do we mean by the term "nation-state" in its contemporary sense? How did 19^th century nation-statehood fit into the second phase of Western imperialism?

Question 18

Rome became Italy's capital due to the

A) entrance of Sardinia into the country.
B) French-Piedmont alliance.
C) forfeiture of Lombardy to France by Austria.
D) fact that Garibaldi succeeded Cavour and demanded that the French should turn oversight of the papal lands to the state.
E) fact that the Franco-Prussian War forced Napoleon III to return to France and leave Piedmont unprotected.

Question 19

After Alexander II freed Russia's serfs, they generally

A) moved to other parts of the country to forget the bad memories of their former lives.
B) were able to overcome their past fears and superstitions within a generation or two.
C) received a small plot of decent farmland from the estates on which they had served.
D) fared worse than they had under serfdom, with many new laws and restrictions.
E) left the countryside to work in unsafe, unsanitary urban factories.

Question 20

To what degree did Russia "reform" during Alexander II's reign? How might these attempts be termed "superficial"?

Question 21

All of the following contributed to the development of industrialization in the United States except

A) a large pool of immigrant labor.
B) following closely behind England in industrializing.
C) a shortage of risk capital.
D) abundant natural resources.
E) individuals willing, even eager, to take risks in business.

Question 22

Which of the following men is correctly matched with the industry?

A) Andrew Carnegie - electricity
B) J.P. Morgan - banking
C) Edward H. Harriman - iron and steel
D) Henry Clay Frick - railroads
E) Cornelius Vanderbilt - iron and steel

Question 23

One of the few things that the French agreed on late in the 19^th century was

A) that they hated all Germans.
B) the need to reclaim Alsace and Lorraine.
C) that Marxism was wrong for France.
D) the ineffectiveness of the Third Republic.
E) the need for a strong presidency.

Question 24

The modern nation-state actually took on the familiar form we know today during the

A) First Industrial Revolution.
B) American Revolution.
C) Second Industrial Revolution.
D) early years following the French Revolution.
E) French Revolution.

Question 25

The original center of American industry was

A) New York.
B) New Jersey.
C) New England.
D) Pennsylvania.
E) the mid-Atlantic states.

Question 26

Cavour, in 1859, managed to drive Austria out of Lombardy with the aid of ____________________.

Question 27

Garibaldi's army of One Thousand Volunteers succeeded in 1861 in grafting ____________________ ____________________ into the Italian Kingdom.

Question 28

Italian industrialization was controlled by the

A) North.
B) Church.
C) South.
D) Mafia.
E) Alpine states.

Question 29

The Dual Monarchy was established by a compromise arrangement between

A) Germans and Croats.
B) Hungarians and Germans.
C) Germans and Italians.
D) Hungarians and Serbs.
E) Germans and Serbs.

Question 30

The ____________________ ____________________ of 1871 was the first attempt at socialist revolution.

Question 31

The true power within the German Reichstag , or national legislature, lay with

A) the chancellor, Otto von Bismarck.
B) the legislators who were elected by the moneyed property owners.
C) Kaiser William I.
D) the entire legislature, which served as a truly independent body.
E) the Prussian delegation.

Question 32

The Paris Commune was

A) an attempt to impose a socialist regime under Karl Marx in France.
B) an imaginative attempt to introduce democracy though popular vote.
C) an uprising against the imperial government of France that had lost the Franco-Prussian war of 1870.
D) a kind of new religion prompted by anti-Christian radicals.
E) a group of Parisian artists who gathered to support each other in perfecting their craft.

Question 33

____________________ sentiment favored the inclusion of all German-speaking peoples (including Austrians) into a united Germany.

Question 34

Which statement best describes Italy during and shortly after unification?

A) The last area to be incorporated into Italy was Sicily.
B) Its "national culture" was not truly national, since most of the wealth, education, and power resided in the North.
C) Italian industrialization was concentrated in the central part of the peninsula.
D) In its early days, Italy's highest average income was in the agricultural south.
E) In its early days, Italy's poorest city was Turin.

Question 35

The Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) was provoked by

A) German seizure of the French land known as Alsace.
B) the ill-conceived plan of Napoleon III to seize German lands west of the Rhine River.
C) France's decision to aid Austria in the Austro-German War.
D) the southern German states' desire to become part of a Greater Germany.
E) Bismarck's manipulation of the French, which led them to become the aggressors.

Question 36

One significant aspect of the modern nation-state is

A) the development of independent thought and action among individuals.
B) the need for close ties between church and state.
C) the subordination of the individual to mass politics.
D) an increase in social welfare spending.
E) a greater tolerance for members of opposing groups.

Question 37

The main problem with the Dual Monarchy in Austria-Hungary was that

A) the government was too liberal for the people's tastes.
B) it consisted not of two ethnic groups, but of many, most of whom did not get along well.
C) the Hungarians seized control of the government and did not consider the wishes of other groups.
D) the Austro-Germans rankled under the yoke of the dominant Hungarians.
E) Catholics living within the monarchy felt threatened by the dominance of the Protestant majority.

Question 38

The outstanding European statesman of the 19^th century was

A) Nicholas I.
B) William I.
C) Bismarck.
D) Garibaldi.
E) Alexander II.

Question 39

Unlike the situation with business in Britain and on the European continent, that in America saw

A) strong worker-management antagonism.
B) limited horizons and much exploitation.
C) comparative freedom from government and public opinion.
D) overdependence upon slave labor.
E) early protections for child laborers.

Question 40

The father of Italian unification, Camilli Cavour, strongly favored the concept of

A) individualism.
B) conservatism.
C) realpolotik .
D) religious unity.
E) social change.

Question 41

____________________ ____________________ accurately describes the nature of 19^th century American capitalism.

Question 42

The German Empire's constitution included a legislature called the ____________________.

Question 43

William I's chancellor, ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ was the outstanding statesman of the 19^th century.

Question 44

In 1861, ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ freed the serfs in Russia.

Question 45

The compromise arrangement that formed the ____________________ ____________________ was called the Ausgleich of 1867.

Question 46

The Italian people regard ____________________ ____________________ as the greatest hero in their struggle for self-rule.