Deck 30: Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology

Question 1

In the mid-1900s, Dr. William Cullen advanced the idea that the nervous system was responsible for maintaining the physiological balance of all organs within the body.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Adenosine is not particularly effective in treating aberrant conduction over accessory conductive pathways.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Most alpha-adrenergic blockers are competitive blockers, occupying the adrenergic receptor and preventing the catecholamine drug from attaching to the adrenergic receptor.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Catecholamines are potent medications, so potent that the dose is measured in milligrams.

Question 5

Digitalis has two unique therapeutic benefits: a slowing of the cardiac conduction, resulting in increased ventricular filling, and increased strength of contraction without the use of additional oxygen.

Question 6

Calcium channel blockers increase the automaticity of the SA node, resulting in a slower heart rate.

Question 7

Beta-blockers prevent the reflexive tachycardia that follows a loss in blood pressure.

Question 8

Catecholamines, such as epinephrine, can be potent cardiac stimulators.

Question 9

Beta-blockers directly preclude the myocardium from creating errors of impulse generation by preventing sympathetically induced tachycardia.

Question 10

Long-term use of ACE inhibitors have been shown to improve survival of even severe heart failure patients by returning the heart to its original condition.

Question 11

Loop diuretics assist in the reabsorption of the electrolytes: sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, as well as water in the ascending loop of Henle.

Question 12

One of the notable effects of catecholamines on the endocrine system is the decrease in the amount of blood glucose available to be used as energy.

Question 13

Beta-blockers are not effective antidysrhythmic agents.

Question 14

Dopamine, a naturally occurring catecholamine, is the precursor to epinephrine and has effects similar to epinephrine.

Question 15

Vaughn-Williams classifications (I, II, III, IV) are the same as the American Heart Association's classifications (I, IIa, IIb, III) of a drug's effectiveness.

Question 16

All catecholamines interact directly with sympathetic receptors throughout the body.

Question 17

One of the oldest treatments for cardiac-related angina has been nitroglycerin.

Question 18

Platelet plugs are the long-term solution to the problem of a platelet rupture.

Question 19

Dobutamine is the synthetic analog of dopamine but is less beta-selective than dopamine.

Question 20

Dobutamine is very effective for patients in cardiogenic shock who have an elevated left ventricular filling pressure, often manifested by elevated jugular venous distention (JVD), but who are not remarkably hypotensive (systolic B/P greater than 90 mmHg).

Question 21

The ____ nervous system consists of the 12 cranial nerves and the 31 spinal nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the organs of the body.

A) central
B) peripheral
C) branch
D) dorsal

Question 22

____ is traditionally considered the drug of choice in cardiac arrest because it increases the strength of contraction, or in the case of ventricular fibrillation, it coarsens the fibrillation and thereby improves the chance of success with defibrillation.

A) Norepinephrine
B) Dopamine
C) Epinephrine
D) Atropine

Question 23

The most common persistent dysrhythmia may be ____.

A) ventral fibrillation
B) ventral tachycardia
C) atrial fibrillation
D) atrial tachycardia

Question 24

The dual effect of dilation and hypertrophy upon the left ventricle slowly changes the shape of the interior chamber, called ____, into a less effective configuration.

A) remodeling
B) restructuring
C) differentiation
D) permutation

Question 25

The ____ division of the autonomic nervous system, whose nerve fibers originate and extend from the cervical or sacral area of the spinal cord, is responsible for the more vegetative functions.

A) sympathetic
B) somatic
C) parasympathetic
D) dependent

Question 26

The ____ division of the autonomic nervous system, whose nerve fibers originate in the thoracic or lumbar area of the spinal cord, serves to accelerate the body's organs.

A) sympathetic
B) somatic
C) parasympathetic
D) dependent

Question 27

____ in the heart will both increase the speed of the heart as well as the strength of contraction.

A) Alpha-blockers
B) Beta-blockers
C) Beta-receptors
D) Diuretics

Question 28

____ is a powerful peripheral vasoconstrictor that is effective in treating cardiovascular collapse secondary to distributive shock.

A) Norepinephrine
B) Atropine
C) Epinephrine
D) Dopamine

Question 29

The ____ nervous system can be thought of as the body's autopilot.

A) peripheral
B) dorsal
C) central
D) autonomic

Question 30

Patients with a recent myocardial infarction can be prone to multiple recurrent episodes of ventricular fibrillation (V. Fib.) called an ____.

A) electrical failure
B) electrical fault
C) electrical cascade
D) electrical storm

Question 31

Approximately ____% of the blood entering the kidney's glomerular process diffuses its water and solutes (salts in solution) into the Bowman's capsule of the kidney's nephron.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25

Question 32

____ is a potentially reversible airway spasm that is triggered by a stimulus.

A) COPD
B) Bronchitis
C) Emphysema
D) Asthma

Question 33

____ drugs can be thought of as "wide-spectrum" antidysrhythmics, effective in treating both atrial and ventricular dysrhythmia.

A) Class I
B) Class II
C) Class III
D) Class IV

Question 34

The arteriole beds are largely controlled by the ____ of the sympathetic nervous system.

A) beta receptors
B) alpha receptors
C) beta transmitters
D) alpha transmitters

Question 35

Regardless of the affected portion of the nephron, all medications which cause the increased loss of fluid and salts from the body are called ____.

A) hormones
B) steroids
C) analgesics
D) diuretics

Question 36

The recovery of the myocardial cell (repolarization) occurs in phase ____.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 37

The effects of ____ drugs on nervous tissues makes them useful as local anesthetics.

A) Class I
B) Class II
C) Class III
D) Class IV

Question 38

____ blocks the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors.

A) Atropine
B) Dopamine
C) Epinephrine
D) Norepinephrine

Question 39

____ heart failure is the condition in which the heart cannot pump adequate amounts of blood into the circulation.

A) Diastolic
B) Systolic
C) Ventral
D) Atrial

Question 40

____ is the slow-acting substance of anaphylaxis that causes mucous plugs and constricts bronchial airways.

A) Norepinephrine
B) Leukotriene
C) Histamine
D) Dopamine

Question 41

The ____________________ nerve is the major parasympathetic nerve.

Question 42

Cholinergic blockers, those drugs that block acetylcholine from binding to either muscarinic or nicotinic receptors, are called ____________________.

Question 43

Serious potentially lifethreatening cardiac dysrhythmias can follow the development of low serum potassium or ____________________.

Question 44

The ____________________ were one of the first diuretics used in medical therapeutics for the treatment of heart failure.

Question 45

____________________ is a powerful direct-acting synthetic catecholamine that in small doses is used to treat severe asthma exacerbation and serves as an adjunct to local anesthetics to control bleeding during wound repair (sutures).

Question 46

____________________ heart failure is that condition in which the heart has difficulty filling properly and there is subsequent loss of cardiac output.

Question 47

____________________, the underlying pathology of coronary artery disease, starts as a streak of fat (cholesterol) on the walls of an artery, any artery.

Question 48

A(n) ____________________ is a substance that adjusts, or modulates, the rate of a neuron's discharge.

Question 49

The ____________________ nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 50

Beta-selective drugs that specifically target the heart are referred to as ____________________.