Deck 15: Water Emergencies

Question 1

Lung volume increases during descent secondary to compression.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Seizures while in the bathtub are a common cause of unintentional injury death from drowning for those patients with seizure disorders.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

During a wet drowning, the patient will likely become ____ buoyant, a condition in which an object sinks.

A) neutrally
B) positively
C) negatively
D) conversely

Answer 3

negatively

Question 4

Drowning is defined as any submersion that results in primary respiratory impairment in a liquid medium.

Question 5

For the human body to stay in water for a prolonged period of time, the water must be warmer than ____, referred to as thermally neutral water.

A) 91°F
B) 93°F
C) 95°F
D) 98°F

Question 6

Hypothermia is not a common complication of drowning.

Question 7

____ drowning accounts for approximately 80% to 90% of recorded drowning.

A) Complex
B) Wet
C) Dry
D) Dive

Question 8

In a ____ drowning, the patient's lungs contain at least some liquid.

A) wet
B) dry
C) dive
D) complex

Question 9

____ drowning is thought to account for 10% to 20% of all drownings.

A) Wet
B) Dry
C) Dive
D) Complex

Question 10

The majority of fresh water in the United States is usually less than ____ year round.

A) 60°F
B) 67°F
C) 70°F
D) 77°F

Question 11

Some people pass out while free diving and snorkeling, a condition called free dive blackout.

Question 12

____ are the age group at greatest risk for drowning.

A) Elderly
B) Youth
C) Adults
D) Older adults

Question 13

During ____ hypothermia, shivering is intense, decreased muscle coordination becomes apparent, movements are slow and labored, and there may be mild confusion.

A) severe
B) moderate
C) complex
D) moderate.

Question 14

Over 60% of cases of decompression sickness involve DCS I.

Question 15

It has been suggested that every 25 feet in a dive creates a cerebral impact equivalent to drinking one alcoholic beverage.

Question 16

There is a recorded case of a 2 -year-old child who was submerged for 66 minutes in 66.2 F (19 C) water and was resuscitated with a good neurologic outcome.

Question 17

____ refers to disorders that result from changes in pressure.

A) Dysbarism
B) Diuresis
C) Anhydrosis
D) Thermolysis

Question 18

A mixture of mucus, air, and water creates a "froth cone" in the drowning patient, indicating the patient was alive when drowned.

Question 19

A patient of dry drowning may be ____ buoyant, or floating, as air remains in the lungs.

A) positively
B) neutrally
C) negatively
D) conversely

Question 20

DCS II includes neurological involvement and has ominous implications.

Question 21

It is estimated that over ____ SCUBA divers are affected by decompression illness every year.

A) 1,000
B) 2,000
C) 3,000
D) 4,000

Question 22

____ law simply states that the amount of gas dissolved into blood and tissues is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas.

A) Charles'
B) Boyle's
C) Henry's
D) Dalton's

Question 23

____ occurs from changing pressures, after which a pneumothorax can develop.

A) Barotrauma
B) Keratitis
C) Edema
D) Hemothorax

Question 24

____ occurs when a patient attempts a too-rapid ascent (i.e., panic ascent) without exhalation.

A) Patent foramen ovale
B) Cerebral arterial gas embolism
C) Immersion pulmonary edema
D) Cutis marmorata

Question 25

Air-filled spaces like the lungs and the intestines create a host of symptoms that are covered under the broad umbrella term of ____.

A) dysbarism
B) narcosis
C) barotrauma
D) decompression illness

Question 26

According to ____ law, if volume is held constant (e.g., in a closed diving bell that cannot change shape), the pressure will decrease proportionate to the decrease in temperature.

A) Boyle's
B) Charles'
C) Henry's
D) Dalton's

Question 27

According to ____ law, when a gas is placed under pressure, assuming a constant temperature, the volume of gas will change inverse to the change in pressure; the greater the pressure, the smaller the volume.

A) Dalton's
B) Charles'
C) Boyle's
D) Ohm's

Question 28

The most common symptom reported with decompression sickness is ____.

A) headache
B) chest pain
C) arthritic joint pain
D) nausea

Question 29

If the patient of a drowning is conscious, the Paramedic should administer high-flow, high-concentration oxygen, particularly if the patient's SpO2 is ____ or less.

A) 90%
B) 93%
C) 95%
D) 99%

Question 30

Which of the following is the most common dysbarism disorder?

A) Sinus squeeze
B) Ear squeeze
C) Tooth squeeze
D) Head squeeze

Question 31

____ law states that if pressure is exerted on a mixture of gasses, the individual gasses will all compress the same and the proportion of the pressures will all remain constant.

A) Charles'
B) Henry's
C) Boyle's
D) Dalton's

Question 32

Which of the following is the best indicator of death?

A) Blood pooling
B) Stiffened muscles
C) Skin maceration
D) Body cooling

Question 33

____ occurs when multiple pulmonary gas emboli form.

A) Cerebral arterial gas embolism
B) Cutis marmorata
C) Patent foramen ovale
D) Pulmonary decompression sickness

Question 34

At present, the Divers Alert Network (DAN) recommends a minimum ____ surface interval time (SIT) for a nondecompression dive before flying.

A) five-hour
B) seven-hour
C) ten-hour
D) twelve-hour

Question 35

During a rapid ascent, such as during an emergency ascent, the rapid re-expansion of the lung can lead to damage from the rapid pressure change, called ____.

A) chokes
B) cerebral arterial gas embolism
C) pulmonary barotrauma
D) immersion pulmonary edema