Deck 24: An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

Question 1

In general, by the late nineteenth century, the worst treatment of the Jews occurred in which country?

A)Russia
B)Germany
C)France

Answer 1

Russia

Question 2

Which event exemplified renewed anti-Semitism in France in the late nineteenth century?

A)The Boulanger coup
B)The Sorel uprising
C)The Dreyfus affair

Answer 2

The Dreyfus affair

Question 3

What position did Theodor Herzl, the leader of the Zionist movement, take?

A)He advocated the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.
B)He advocated the development of separate Jewish communities in European cities.
C)He argued that Jewish assimilation into western European society would only be complete when Jews renounced their religious beliefs.

Answer 3

He advocated the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Question 4

The Symbolists were primarily associated with which of the following types of writings?

A)Novels
B)Poetry
C)Critical essays

Question 5

In order to implement the Liberal Party's social reform program, David Lloyd George radically curtailed the power of which of the following institutions?

A)The House of Lords
B)The Bank of England
C)The monarchy

Question 6

Which of the following is central to relativity theory?

A)Space is absolute but time is relative to the observer.
B)Time is absolute but space is relative to the observer.
C)Neither time nor space is absolute but relative to the observer.

Question 7

Which of the following was among the notable achievements of the British Liberals under Lloyd George?

A)Unilateral British disarmament and ratification of the Kellogg-Briand pact outlawing war
B)Passage of the National Insurance Act of 1911 providing sickness and unemployment benefits to workers
C)Nationalization of most private industry in Britain

Question 8

To advance the cause of women's suffrage, what strategy did the Women's Social and Political Union follow?

A)It took a moderate approach to the problem seeking to demonstrate first that women were intelligent and could use political power wisely if given the vote.
B)It took a conservative approach to the problem and strongly recommended that only upper-class and educated women be considered as potential voters.
C)It took a radical, public, and well-publicized approach to the movement, employing different media and provocative public actions, like pelting male politicians with eggs.

Question 9

What goal did Britain's Fabian Socialists have?

A)They demanded the immediate nationalization of all British industry and transportation facilities.
B)As Marxists, they urged the Proletariat to begin a revolt against the government.
C)They favored evolution toward a socialist state by democratic means.

Question 10

The Pan-German League advocated which of the following?

A)German withdrawal from world affairs and concentration on internal political reforms
B)Anti-liberal policies, including the development of a global German colonial empire to unite all classes of citizens at home
C)German leadership in the development of international pacifist organizations

Question 11

Camille Pissarro was one of the founders of which of the following movements?

A)Expressionism
B)Romanticism
C)Impressionism

Question 12

During the nineteenth century, which of the following is true regarding treatment of Jews in Europe?

A)They were persecuted in almost every European country.
B)They received complete emancipation in France and Germany.
C)They were emancipated in most countries, but still faced restrictions.

Question 13

The October Manifesto of Nicholas II had which of the following effects?

A)It immediately led to the storming of the Winter Palace.
B)It prompted the event known as "Bloody Sunday."
C)It led to the creation a legislative assembly known as the Duma.

Question 14

Inquiry into the disintegrative processes within atoms became a central theme in the new physics in part due to whose experimental work?

A)Einstein on cosmic rays and gravity
B)Marie and Pierre Curie on radium and radiation
C)Planck on quanta

Question 15

Which of the following art movements was NOT prominent in the three decades prior to World War I?

A)Surrealism
B)Cubism
C)Impressionism

Question 16

Modernism in music included all EXCEPT which of the following elements?

A)Attraction to the exotic
B)The exclusive use of extremely regular rhythms
C)Nationalist themes

Question 17

Growing tensions in modern German society were exemplified by which of the following?

A)Rapidly rising suicide rates, especially in cities
B)Refusals by German leaders to enact new welfare legislation
C)The proliferation of ultra-nationalist right-wing political groups with anti-Semitic, racist, and imperialist beliefs

Question 18

How did Maria Montessori exemplify the "new woman" of modern times?

A)She became a leading advocate of the vote for women.
B)She obtained a professional degree and applied her expertise to new fields of inquiry like early childhood development.
C)She created the International Women's League for Peace and Freedom.

Question 19

How did early audiences respond to Igor Stravinsky's Rite of Spring?

A)They quickly came to view it as a modern masterpiece.
B)They did not have strong feelings one way or another generally speaking.
C)They rioted in protest because of its sharp dissonance and blatant sensuality.

Question 20

By the late nineteenth century, which of the following groups had emerged as labor's dominant voice in the United States?

A)The Congress of Industrial Organizations
B)The American Federation of Labor
C)The Industrial Workers of the World

Question 21

The Triple Alliance before 1914 included which of the following countries?

A)England, Germany, Italy
B)Germany, Austria, Italy
C)Italy, Turkey, England

Question 22

Who were primary antagonists in the Balkans region in the early 1900s?

A)Serbs and Austrians
B)Russians and French
C)English and Germans

Question 23

How did new directions in philosophy challenge traditional Enlightenment views?

Question 24

Which of the following were German colonies?

A)Angola, Mozambique, Macao
B)Benin, Senegal, Algeria
C)The Cameroons, Southwest Africa, Togo

Question 25

Which revolutionary leader helped overthrow the Manchu dynasty of China in 1912?

A)Mao Tse-tung
B)Chou En-lai
C)Sun Yat-sen

Question 26

What effect did the Meiji Restoration in Japan have?

A)Many Japanese were sent abroad to be educated in the ways of the West and adopted many Western reforms in political and military organization.
B)The new Meiji government created a political system rigidly authoritarian in both form and practice.
C)Meiji leadership concentrated on the reestablishment of feudal principles of decentralized government and traditional Japanese values.

Question 27

Which of the following was NOT an argument to justify imperialism at the turn of the century?

A)Taking up the white man's burden"
B)Offloading excess European population, especially criminals and other "undesirables"
C)Ongoing searches for new naval and military bases to protect trade

Question 28

What was the central idea of impressionism?

Question 29

Which of the following Progressive-era laws went into effect during Woodrow Wilson's tenure as president in the United States?

A)Graduated federal income tax
B)Pure Food and Drug Act
C)Interstate commerce act

Question 30

How did the church respond to new, secular scientific thought of the late nineteenth century?

Question 31

What is the best description of the South African War (1899-1902)?

A)It was a costly, brutal war during which several tools common to twentieth-century conflicts were developed, such as concentration camps.
B)It was a relatively unimportant war, occurring as it did so far away from Europe.
C)It was mostly a conflict between Boers and indigenous Africans that Britain reluctantly got involved in to restore regional stability.

Question 32

Describe the key principles of social Darwinism.

Question 33

The "open door" policy was to allow more freedom of trade in so-called spheres of influence in which of the following countries?

A)India
B)China
C)Japan

Question 34

The quantum theory of energy developed by Max Planck raised fundamental questions about which of the following?

A)Structure of stars
B)Accepted medieval theories of chemical reaction
C)Subatomic realm of the atom and the basic building blocks of the material world

Question 35

Bismarck's European diplomacy had what ultimate outcome?

A)It brought peace to Europe for over fifty years.
B)It created friendship between Germany and England.
C)It divided Europe into two opposing groups of nations, making war more likely.

Question 36

How did new directions in science challenge more traditional Enlightenment views?

Question 37

Which of the following was the core premise of Bismarck's foreign policy?

A)The acquisition of a huge overseas empire
B)The isolation of France through a series of military alliances
C)An enhanced civil service

Question 38

The Triple Entente before 1914 included which of the following countries?

A)Great Britain, France, Russia
B)Austria, Germany, the Ottoman Empire
C)Turkey, Russia, Germany

Question 39

In Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, which of the following is the seat of reason?

A)Ego
B)Superego
C)Id

Question 40

What was the late nineteenth-century idea of humanity?

Question 41

In Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, which of the following is the process that drives unwanted thoughts into the unconscious?

A)Self-gratification
B)Repression
C)Animal drives

Question 42

What was the intent of the Syllabus of Errors? Did it achieve its goal? What did the document signal about the role of the papacy in late nineteenth-century life?

Question 43

Describe Russian expansion eastward and its results.

Question 44

Why was anti-Semitism so well entrenched across Europe?

Question 45

What was Bismarck's role in conflicts between Russia, Austria, and other Balkan states?

Question 46

What was the cause of humanitarian opposition to Belgian rule in the Congo?

Question 47

What reforms exemplified the progressive movement in the United States?

Question 48

Describe common nineteenth-century criticisms of imperialism.

Question 49

What effects did defeat in the Russo-Japanese War have in Russia?

Question 50

How had women been forced to become dependent on men by the late nineteenth century?

Question 51

How was racism different to nationalism? What similarities exist between these two systems of thought?

Question 52

How did Fabians propose to effect change in Britain and how was their strategy different from other socialist groups?

Question 53

Why is social Darwinism regarded as a pseudoscience? What principles does it misuse? What are the consequences of such misunderstandings?

Question 54

How did Planck's and Einstein's works challenge Newtonian conceptions of physics? What aspects of Newtonian physics did they maintain?

Question 55

What was the cause of the South African War of 1899-1902?

Question 56

How did William II's foreign policy undercut Bismarck's?

Question 57

Describe Chinese relations with Western imperial powers?

Question 58

Which of the following best describes social Darwinism?

A)It was the application of the principle of organic evolution to society.
B)It was an effort to explain the problems of society by psychological means.
C)It was a sociological explanation of Darwin's biological ideas.

Question 59

How did racism shape European practices of imperialism?

Question 60

Describe Canadian expansion in the late nineteenthcentury.

Question 61

How were German, Austrian, and Eastern European anti-Semitism different? How was it similar? How did Jewish communities in each respond?

Question 62

What was the cause of the 1905 Revolution? How did the Russian government respond, and how well did this response resolve the conflict?

Question 63

What was the goal of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1985? Based on the practice of European imperialism in the late nineteenth century, did the conference achieve this goal?

Question 64

Pope Leo XIII responded to modern ideas in all EXCEPT which of the following ways?

A)Permitting the teaching of evolution as a hypothesis in Catholic schools
B)Criticizing capitalism for the poverty of the working classes
C)Embracing Marxist socialism

Question 65

In Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899), Houston Stewart Chamberlain predicted that Germany was destined to do which of the following?

A)Lead the world in high-tech manufacturing
B)Lead the Aryan race to the conquest of Europe
C)Be the European leader in music and the arts

Question 66

How did China's and Japan's experiences of imperialism differ? Why?

Question 67

What was more influential to late nineteenth-century European imperialism, economic concerns, missionary projects, or national security?

Question 68

How was the Dreyfus affair representative of anti-Semitic, nationalist, and militarist thought of the late nineteenth century?

Question 69

How were U.S. industrialization and the progressive movement related?

Question 70

Which of the following was the greatest difference between Naturalism and Realism in literature?

A)Realism dealt more with themes like human suffering.
B)Naturalism was more popular than realism.
C)In general, naturalism was more pessimistic than realism.

Question 71

Using Darwin's terminology, Herbert Spencer argued which of the following?

A)No progress in human society was now possible and decadence had set in everywhere.
B)No rational justification could be given to "natural selection."
C)Human societies were organisms evolving through time by struggling with their environments and each other.

Question 72

What was the goal of late nineteenth-century feminism? What results did it have in Europe and North America? How successful was the global movement?

Question 73

How did working-class and middle-class subjects experience colonialism differently? Discuss at least two examples in your response.

Question 74

Describe the central goal of cubism. To what extent does cubist thought resemble other late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century changes in looking at the world?

Question 75

Who is most to blame for the formation of large, powerful alliance blocs in Europe: William II or Bismarck? Why?