Deck 23: High Renaissance and Mannerism in Northern Europe and Spain

Question 1

The duke of Bavaria, Wilhelm IV, engaged the invading Turks in a battle for supremacy. Which of the following works of art would be the most likely commission of Wilhelm IV?

A) Knight, Death, and the Devil
B) The French Ambassadors
C) The Battle of Issus
D) Burial of Count Orgaz

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following made up the territory known as the Netherlands in the 16ᵗʰ century?

A) Switzerland, Holland, and Belgium
B) Bavaria, Holland, and Belgium
C) Northern Italy, Holland, and Belgium
D) Luxembourg, Holland, and Belgium

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The destruction of images in German cities that occurred in the 1520s is known as the ____.

A) Thirty Years War
B) Great Iconoclasm
C) Saint Anthony's Fire
D) Counter-Reformation

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In Pieter Aertsen's Meat Still-Life, the artist has created what appears to be a descriptive genre scene, a butcher's shop displaying its products, as well as fish and pretzels. This work also has embedded within it which of the following?

A) political references
B) social references
C) religious references
D) cultural references

Question 5

In El Greco's Burial of Count Orgaz, the artist has successfully merged his early and late styles. He combined elongated figures and rich color in this one work. Which of the following describes his early and late styles?

A) Middle Byzantine and Flemish 15th Century
B) Italian 16th Century and Venetian 16th Century
C) Late Byzantine and Venetian 16th Century
D) Flemish 15th Century and Venetian 16th Century

Question 6

Hans Holbein, a master portraitist, combines realism with monumental composition and sculpturesque form. Which of the following traditions does this describe?

A) Flemish and Italian
B) French and Italian
C) Dutch and Italian
D) Flemish and French

Question 7

The personal tastes of the court of Francis I ran to the elegant, erotic, and unorthodox. Which of the following styles would most appeal to this king and his court?

A) classicism of 16th century Italy
B) mannerism
C) expressiveness of Grunewald
D) intellectualism of Leonardo

Question 8

Francis I by Jean Clouet presents a worldly prince in an elaborate costume of silk and brocade and wearing a gold chain with the medallion of the Order of St. Michael. Which of the following suggests the purpose of this portrait?

A) It was an attempt to overshadow Henry VIII
B) It was used as an enticement to find a wife for Francis
C) It was an attempt to glorify Francis I
D) It was an attempt to overshadow Charles V

Question 9

In the Money Changer and His Wife by Quentin Massys, the artist has given us an image of a professional man transacting business. Massys has provided insight into which of the following?

A) the secular life of the Netherlands
B) the secular life of France
C) the secular life of Germany
D) the secular life of England

Question 10

Why is Saint Anthony prominently featured in the Isenheim Altarpiece?

A) his association with diseases and miraculous cures
B) He was the patron saint of the donor, Antonio Mor
C) his association with the city of Colmar
D) his assiciation with the papacy

Question 11

The Battle of Issus, which depicts the battle that took place between Alexander the Great and the Persians, was selected as a subject by Wilhelm IV because it reflected his endeavors to ____.

A) find a wife
B) hold onto the Catholic Netherlands
C) stop Muslim expansion
D) wage war against Martin Luther

Question 12

Who created Knight, Death, and the Devil?

A) Dürer
B) Cranach the Elder
C) Jean Goujon
D) Mabuse

Question 13

In Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece, the artist has used specific references, saints and symbols to depict pain, suffering, and salvation and redemption. Which of the following symbols can be interpreted to mean the Son of God?

A) white dove
B) lamb
C) sword
D) arrow

Question 14

The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is purportedly by which of the following?

A) Levina Teerlinc
B) Judith Leyster
C) Caterina van Hemessen
D) Lavinia Fontana

Question 15

In Bruegel's Netherlandish Proverbs, the artist has depicted the Netherlandish obsession with proverbs. The scene is busy with a topsy-turvy multiplicity of figures and activities. It is reminiscent of which of the following artists?

A) Bosch
B) Mantegna
C) Giovanni Bellini
D) Jan van Eyck

Question 16

In Allegory of Law and Grace, the artist has depicted the differences between the Roman Catholic Church and the followers of Martin Luther. The artist who created this woodcut was dubbed with the title, "painter of the Reformation." Who is the artist?

A) Lucas Cranach the Elder
B) Albrecht Dürer
C) Matthias Grunewald
D) Hans Holbein

Question 17

The Protestant concern about the role of religious imagery was in many cases outright hostile. Martin Luther spoke about destroying images. This destruction of religious imagery also occurred during the Byzantine period. Which of the following defines this act?

A) idolatry
B) iconography
C) iconoclasm
D) iconology

Question 18

The Escorial is in which country?

A) Germany
B) France
C) England
D) Spain

Question 19

The miniature portrait of Elizabeth I, shows an elegant, formally attired young Elizabeth presented as a princess. Who is the artist who created this memorable portrait?

A) Hans Holbein
B) Caterina van Hemessen
C) Levina Teerlinc
D) Albrecht Dürer

Question 20

In Hunters in the Snow, the artist has captured the atmosphere of a cold winter's day. The landscape is snow-covered and stark with the returning hunters wearily trudging home. It is reminiscent of earlier renditions of seasons. Which of the following also described the seasons and might have been influential in the conception of this work?

A) Ambrogio Lorenzetti's Peaceful Country
B) Konrad Witz's Miraculous Draught of Fish
C) Masaccio's Tribute Money
D) Limbourg Brothers' Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry

Question 21

What is allegory and how is it used in art?

Question 22

What anamorphic symbol appears in Holbein's French Ambassadors?

A) skeleton
B) seal of Francis I
C) skull
D) seal of Henry VIII

Question 23

Which of the following is one of the most important cities of the sixteenth-century Low Countries?

A) Paris
B) Munich
C) Antwerp
D) Rotterdam

Question 24

In his print of the Fall of Man, Dürer demonstrated his knowledge of classical art in the representation of the ____.

A) figures of Adam and Eve
B) wooded landscape setting
C) highly detailed animals
D) distant view of a goat teetering on the edge of a cliff

Question 25

How did the Reformation change the map of Europe?

Question 26

Spain in the sixteenth century supported which of the following?

A) the Anabaptists
B) Martin Luther
C) the Counter-Reformation
D) John Calvin

Question 27

In his diary Albrecht Dürer described Joachim Patinir as a good ____.

A) printmaker
B) landscape artist
C) imitator of Michelangelo
D) Mannerist artist

Question 28

What did the dissolution of the Burgundian Netherlands in 1477 lead to across Europe?

Question 29

Who was Desiderius Erasmus?

Question 30

Who said "Depart not from nature according to your fancy, imagining to find aught better by yourself?"

A) Holbein
B) Cranach the Elder
C) Mabuse
D) Dürer

Question 31

Which of the following artists specialized in portraiture?

A) Grünewald
B) Hans Holbein
C) Altdorfer
D) Pieter Bruegel

Question 32

Which of the following characterizes Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece?

A) It is portraits of its patrons
B) It is an exclusive concern in adhering to the teachings of Martin Luther
C) It has a flat gold background
D) It is an exacting rendering of anguish

Question 33

Which artist that did a series of six paintings showing seasonal changes?

A) Bosch
B) Grünewald
C) Pieter Bruegel
D) Jan Gossaert

Question 34

Why is Dürer compared to Leonardo? How is he different?

Question 35

Which of the following artists traveled to Italy yet chose not to incorporate classical elements into his work?

A) Pieter Bruegel
B) Hans Holbein
C) Dürer
D) Jan Gossaert

Question 36

Which of the following was not included in Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece?

A) God the Father
B) Lamentation
C) Entombment
D) Crucifixion

Question 37

Quinten Massys was willing to explore the various styles of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This exploration can be seen in which of the following works?

A) Money-Changer and His Wife
B) Isenheim Altarpiece
C) Four Apostles
D) Netherlandish Proverbs

Question 38

According to the Protestants, Scripture and Scripture alone could gain the Christian entry into Heaven. What was the consequence of this notion?

Question 39

In the 16ᵗʰ century power was focused on the king. This monarch made a concerted effort to elevate his country's cultural profile by inviting esteemed Italian artists to his court. Who was this monarch?

A) Henry VIII
B) Francis I
C) Charles V
D) Elizabeth I

Question 40

How does the Isenheim Altarpiece represent suffering and salvation?

Question 41

How does this structure reflect the monarch who commissioned its construction?

Question 42

How does Dürer explore the nature of artistic creativity itself in this work, one of his most famous engravings?

Question 43

Describe Hans Holbein's style of portraiture.

Question 44

How does El Greco's View of Toledo depart from traditional landscape paintings?

Question 45

How does Dürer's The Fall of Man (Adam and Eve) represent Classical and Northern traditions?

Question 46

What made the portraits of Jean Clouet significant?

Question 47

Describe the portraiture styles of Hans Holbein and Jean Clouet. How did they differ, if at all? What were the motivations of the patrons? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 48

Compare these two works and identify the artists. How do these two works differ?

Question 49

How did patronage affect sixteenth-century French architecture? What were the motivations of the patrons? How did the architecture reflect the court and period? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 50

What stylistic influences are apparent in the work of El Greco?

Question 51

How did the Reformation affect the artists of sixteenth-century Northern Europe and Spain? How did they respond to the Reformation? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 52

What is the Roman source and story that surrounds this painting?

Question 53

How did Protestant views of religious art differ from Catholics and what effect did their views have on the appearance of their churches?

Question 54

Contrast the works of Dürer with Pieter Bruegel. How are they similar and in what ways are they different? How did the political climate affect their work? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 55

How did this portrait contribute to the reputation of Flemish painters?

Question 56

How does this work represent the Protestant viewpoint?

Question 57

How does allegory impact the work of Pieter Aertsen and Pieter Bruegel? How did their use of allegory reflect the period? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 58

How did the implications of Martin Luther affect the work of Matthias Grünewald and Dürer? How did the work of each artist differ? How did each artist respond to Martin Luther? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 59

How does the subject of this work reflect contemporary historical events?

Question 60

Explain the impact Italy had on the work of Dürer. Include in your essay the assimilations as well as the changes, if any, Dürer made. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 61

Who painted this and what is being represented?

Question 62

How does this work reflect the growing popularity of landscape?

Question 63

How does this work reflect the architecture of Bramante?

Question 64

How did Dürer represent himself in his Self-Portrait and what does this work say about the artist's craft?

Question 65

How does this work portray the early and late styles of the artist in the same work?