Deck 8: The Mind-Body-Spirit Connection

Question 1

Research in psychoneuroimmunology will be helpful to nurses for what reason?

A) To enhance holistic care
B) To facilitate collaboration among disciplines
C) To foster the client-patient relationship
D) To identify the most appropriate medical interventions

Answer 1

To enhance holistic care

Question 2

Experiencing a major natural disaster would be a stressor categorized as:

A) acute time-limited.
B) brief naturalistic.
C) chronic.
D) stressful event sequence.

Answer 2

stressful event sequence.

Question 3

A major communication pathway between the immune system and the brain is through cytokines such as interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, and growth-stimulating factors.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is the importance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis?

A) It creates a feedback loop to regulate the release of corticotrophin releasing factor.
B) It facilitates the production of hormones necessary for growth and reproduction.
C) It helps to maintain the electrolyte balance in the hematological system.
D) It unites the central nervous system with the peripheral nervous system.

Question 5

Research has shown a psychoneuroimmunologic link between stress, the immune system, and cardiac disease through an effect of which of the following two substances?

A) B lymphocytes and glucocorticoids
B) Corticotropin hormone and norepinephrine
C) Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein
D) T cells and plasma cortisol

Question 6

The National Cancer Institute has confirmed a direct cause-and-effect relationship between immune system changes and the development of cancer.

Question 7

A mind-body dualism philosophy recognizes the interrelatedness between the mind and the body.

Question 8

Which of the following is an important neurotransmitter in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis?

A) Acetylcholine
B) Adrenocorticotropin
C) Glucocorticoid
D) T lymphocytes

Question 9

Which of the following most accurately describes psychoneuroimmunology?

A) It centers on cellular research investigating hormone effects on nerve cell function.
B) It is a field of study that focuses on the interrelatedness of the mind and body.
C) It is an attempt by biologists to show how genetics affect human health.
D) It is a technique developed by psychologists to assist in the stress response.

Question 10

Which of the following is considered to be an immediate response to stress?

A) Constriction of pupils and peripheral blood vessels
B) Excessive sweating and weakness
C) Fatigue and carbon dioxide retention
D) Increased glucose production by the liver

Question 11

Natural killer cells in the body have the ability to do which of the following actions?

A) Destroy T lymphocytes in an attempt to regulate the immune response
B) Kill tumor cells and cells infected with microbes
C) Stimulate the production of cytotoxic T cells
D) Suppress the formation of B lymphocytes

Question 12

Which branch of the nervous system is responsible for the stress response known as "fight or flight"?

A) Central nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Somatic division of the peripheral nervous system
D) Sympathetic nervous system

Question 13

Biofeedback, psychotherapy, and hypnosis are examples of adjunctive therapy in addition to traditional medical treatment that have been shown to have a positive effect on the course of psoriasis.

Question 14

A student is next to present a paper to an auditorium filled with classmates and teachers. This stressor would be categorized as:

A) acute time-limited.
B) brief naturalistic.
C) chronic.
D) stressful event sequence.

Question 15

Which of the following persons, known as the father of modern medicine, is credited with noting that the beliefs of the patient and physician are more important than what the physician actually does?

A) Descartes
B) Galen
C) Hippocrates
D) Osler

Question 16

A basic crisis intervention strategy is to do which one of the following?

A) Allow sufficient time to pass for a calming effect to occur before intervening.
B) Avoid developing a plan for action until the crisis has subsided.
C) Strive to understand and empathize, considering the cultural context of the victim.
D) Try to provide as many answers as possible until the crisis is under control.

Question 17

Which of the following is a tip to ease mental stress?

A) Breathe rapidly at frequent intervals to increase oxygen to the brain.
B) Drink six to eight glasses of water daily to avoid dehydration.
C) Limit meals to three major meals per day for adequate nutrition.
D) Take time out regularly, preferably indoors to avoid exposure to allergens.

Question 18

Genetic predisposition, environment, and the behavioral or psychological component are three factors that influence disease susceptibility.

Question 19

Which of the following nursing leaders recognized the importance of the role of nursing in producing a state of body and mind that would be conducive to healing?

A) Florence Nightingale
B) Martha Rogers
C) Madeleine Leininger
D) Nola Pender

Question 20

The role of glucocorticoids in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is to serve as which of the following?

A) To activate T lymphocytes in the immune system
B) To diminish phagocytosis in the inflammatory process
C) To prevent further release of the corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF)
D) To stimulate the further release of serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 23

The autonomic nervous system helps regulate the internal organs through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question 24

Mind-body medicine is one of five major areas of research focus for the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

Question 25

A survey by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine showed that 62% of Americans used prayer within the preceding 12 months for health issues.

Question 26

A recent national survey revealed that massage is the most used of all complementary methods.

Question 31

Psychoneuroimmunology is a bidirectional communication between the brain and the immune system.