Deck 46: East Asia in a Century of Change

Question 1

The New China Movement

A) was a reform movement instigated by Christian missionaries.
B) pushed for the re-implementation of more traditional Confucian ideals.
C) was led by Kang Yu-wei, who pushed the idea that China could follow Confucius all the way to a democratic government.
D) was squashed by Empress Cixi because it threatened her control.
E) led directly into the revolution of 1911.

Answer 1

was led by Kang Yu-wei, who pushed the idea that China could follow Confucius all the way to a democratic government.

Question 2

Chiang Kai-shek was originally a lieutenant under

A) General Yuan.
B) Mao Zedong.
C) the Kuomintang.
D) Empress Cixi.
E) Sun Yat-sen.

Answer 2

Sun Yat-sen.

Question 3

This first leader of the Republic of China had tried unsuccessfully to use the "Three Principles" of reform before the revolution:

A) General Yuan
B) Sun Yat-sen
C) Chiang Kai-shek
D) Kang Yu-wei
E) Mao Zedong

Answer 3

Sun Yat-sen

Question 4

Under what conditions did Republican China labor during the years 1912 to 1925? What accounts for the failure of liberal reform in China?

Question 5

The May Fourth Movement

A) urged overthrow of the Qing Dynasty.
B) protested Japanese gains in the Versailles Treaty.
C) protested against the civil war between the CP and the KMT.
D) called for the expulsion or lynching of foreign opium dealers.
E) began as a result of the Chinese defeat in the Boxer Rebellion.

Question 6

The best description of America's involvement in the Philippines in the immediate aftermath of the Spanish American War was

A) benevolent acceptance of the Filipinos.
B) disdain for the Filipinos.
C) expedient liberation of the islands.
D) lengthy occupation of the islands.
E) abject denial of the problems there.

Question 7

Under Japan's 1889 constitution,

A) the supreme power of the emperor was reinforced.
B) a new national tax system was introduced.
C) the capital city was moved to Tokyo.
D) an elected parliament was introduced.
E) all adult males were given the right to vote.

Question 8

The Meiji reformers strongly supported the concept of

A) equitable taxation.
B) literacy.
C) reverence for the emperor.
D) representative democracy.
E) a constitutional monarchy.

Question 9

Describe the long civil war between the Chinese Nationalists and Communists, 1927 to 1949. Would you credit Mao's political skills as the major influence in his party's victory? Why, or why not?

Question 10

One traditional element that was not set aside by the Meiji reforms was

A) the existing feudal tax system.
B) the Shinto faith in a divine emperor.
C) the supreme power of the emperor in governmental affairs.
D) the privileged status of the samurai class.
E) the patterns of land ownership.

Question 11

How did Japan respond to the threat of Western imperialism? In what ways was this response unique? Why did the Japanese soldiers brutalize Chinese civilians?

Question 12

In 1931, Japanese military officers seized the province of

A) Manchuria.
B) Szechwan.
C) Mongolia.
D) Macao.
E) Taiwan.

Question 13

In the 1930s, the most influential element in Japan was the

A) conservative aristocracy.
B) Social Democrats.
C) right-wing paramilitaries.
D) general staff.
E) officers in the military.

Question 14

Analyze the Meiji Reforms. What impact did they eventually have on 20^th century Japan?

Question 15

War between China and Japan began in 1931 with the latter's unprovoked attack on

A) Beijing.
B) Shensi.
C) Hong Kong.
D) Nanking.
E) Manchuria.

Question 16

Early in the 20^th century, China took a major step forward when

A) it took back land taken from it by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War.
B) it did away with the Confucian examinations for public office, opening participation to more Chinese from different classes.
C) the citizenry began to back Sun Yat-sen in his attempt to overthrow the Empress.
D) the New China Movement was crushed.
E) reforms along the line of those implemented were halted.

Question 17

Early innovations by Mao were approved by many intellectuals as well as workers because they were

A) liberal.
B) successful.
C) democratic.
D) practical.
E) well-organized.

Question 18

Mao's revolution relied heavily on the support of

A) the peasantry.
B) university intellectuals.
C) the mandarins.
D) the urban laborers.
E) the merchant class.

Question 19

Chiang's Kuomintang government proved to be

A) energetic, efficient, and democratic.
B) brutal and dictatorial.
C) puppets of and collaborators with Japan.
D) sympathetic to the impoverished population.
E) unable to hold together after its establishment on Taiwan.

Question 20

In 1949 the Kuomintang government and its supporters fled mainland China for

A) Korea.
B) Japan.
C) Taiwan.
D) Hong Kong.
E) Hainan.

Question 21

For the Japanese, the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 was most significant for

A) giving them control of Korea.
B) giving them a chance to annex Siberia.
C) announcing to the world that Japan was now a major power.
D) getting back at the Russians for shaming them in a confrontation twenty years earlier.
E) giving them much needed capital from the reparations the Russians had to pay.

Question 22

In the decade after World War I, China was

A) ruled fairly successfully by General Yuan.
B) led by Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang party with much success.
C) finally under the capable leadership of Mao Zedong.
D) in chaos, with warlords and their private armies vying for control.
E) caught in the middle of a fight for control between General Yuan and Sun Yat-sen.

Question 23

____________________ ____________________ acted as a conservative intermediary between the Kuomintang and Western powers.

Question 24

By the end of World War II, Chiang Kai-shek's army could best be described as

A) poorly fed but in good spirits.
B) much diminished in numbers and increasingly corrupt.
C) respected and full of confidence that they would prevail.
D) both demoralized and ill-equipped.
E) anxious to finish off Mao and his forces before another winter passed.

Question 25

China's Northern Expedition of 1926 was

A) General Chiang's successful pursuit of warlords who had made themselves into tyrants in several northern provinces.
B) the establishment of a Kuomintang government led by Chiang in Beijing.
C) a widespread purse of any suspected communists, during which tens of thousands of Chinese were killed.
D) the precursor to the Long March of 1934.
E) a march of protest by Chinese students who were upset about several elements of the Versailles Treaty.

Question 26

For the major maritime (island) colonies in Southeast Asia, the late 1800s brought

A) independence to those who had become Christians.
B) Muslim overlords throughout Indonesia and the Philippines.
C) hard lives working for almost nothing on the Chinese and Dutch estates.
D) Dutch and Chinese rule for many, with native leaders often cooperating with the colonizers for their own benefit.
E) overpopulation and starvation in the Philippines.

Question 27

Japan was opened to trade with the West by the American commander,

A) Matthew Modine.
B) Matthew Perry.
C) Matthew McConaughay.
D) Matthew Broderick.
E) Matthew leBlanc.

Question 28

Which of these was not a part of Meiji Reforms?

A) Redistribution of land
B) A new constitution that limited the powers of the emperor
C) The development of a new army composed of draftees and many formerly important samurai
D) Students being sent to study in the West, especially science and government
E) A new national bank, new currency, and a new tax system

Question 29

In the 1890s, the ____________________ ____________________ ____________________, which had a Confucian basis, attempted a revolution imposed from above.

Question 30

Despite having become allies with both Germany and Italy, Japan

A) remained on the sidelines during the 1930s, in order to continue improvements within the country.
B) was too busy fighting Chiang Kai-shek in China to want to help either of them prepare for war.
C) became upset with the Germans when they were not told Germany planned to begin World War II, and again when Germany attacked Russia in 1941, and thus remained neutral in the conflict.
D) invaded Russia in 1931, setting up a puppet government there.
E) found those powers unwilling to help when the French moved into Southeast Asia and began to take over Japanese-held territories.

Question 31

In Southeast Asia, Dutch colonial possessions were known collectively as ____________________.

Question 32

The Meiji reformers consciously gave Shinto a special position within Japan, because

A) it had been the first religion developed after settlement of the islands.
B) the faith showed great reverence for the emperor and accepted him as an almost divine leader.
C) the emperor insisted that Shinto remain the official faith of Japan.
D) Shinto and the new constitution would help to make all Japanese into good citizen-patriots.
E) the faith backed up the constitution's admonition that Japan should be ruled by an unbroken line of emperors forever.

Question 33

The major difference between the Chinese and the Japanese in the late 1800s and early 1900s was that

A) Japan saw the benefit of adopting some Western reforms while the Chinese did not.
B) Japan readily adopted socialism but China did not.
C) China held on to Confucian beliefs while Japan held closely to Buddhism.
D) China got rid of its emperor in the late 1800s but Japan clung tightly to theirs.
E) the Chinese were forced to accept how far behind the West they were technologically, but the Japanese turned a blind eye to the fact that they, too, were far behind.

Question 34

One of the main character traits possessed by Sun Yat-sen that made him different from Mao Zedong and most other non-democratic leaders at the time was

A) his need for personal recognition, no matter what the cost to his soldiers.
B) his serene demeanor, despite much unrest throughout his adulthood, that gave him the ability to think his way through difficult situations.
C) his ability to gather his men and lead them successfully into battle, as he did against General Yuan Shi-kai in 1912.
D) his ability to work with different groups in China, who might not have been able to come together without his flexibility and stolid demeanor.
E) his belief that China continued to need an emperor, but one with limited powers, and his determination to see that status put in place.

Question 35

It would be most accurate to say of Japanese politics that after the 1889 Constitution was put in place

A) representation became much broader in the Diet (Parliament).
B) the people, rather than the emperor, became sovereign; at least that was true of the wealthy.
C) the constitution had upheld traditional values of the people, but it had also heavily undermined the emperor.
D) Shinto was relegated to a position that made it only as valid, so far as the state was concerned, as Buddhism and Taoism.
E) those making decisions would be members of the wealthy class as well as imperial ministers.

Question 36

The economic prosperity Japan experienced up to the 1920s brought

A) not only prosperity but also spiraling inflation and the usual accompanying riots.
B) a renewed sense of worth, as Japanese businessmen could hold their own with their foreign counterparts.
C) the opportunity to build up the country's infrastructure, a crucial part of Japan's plans for modernization.
D) the chance to begin the manufacture of war materiel in anticipation of a bigger conflict to come.
E) new respect for lawmakers who had helped bring about the trade revolution.

Question 37

During the years of French colonization in Southeast Asia, the economy improved a great deal but most of the time the main benefits went to

A) Europeans rather than native peoples.
B) the French noblemen who set up plantations on the best land.
C) immigrant Chinese middlemen merchants and native landlords.
D) the British, who moved into the area from Malaya.
E) a minute percentage of the Vietnamese who were assimilated by the French.

Question 38

In 1934, Mao's Communist forces survived only by undertaking the ____________________ ____________________.

Question 39

Believing that war with America was inevitable and that a first strike would give Japan an edge, the Tokyo government launched an attack against ____________________ ____________________.

Question 40

The 1894-1895 war between China and Japan revolved around the control of ____________________.

Question 41

The ____________________ ____________________ began with Japan's invasion of ____________________ in China.

Question 42

The ____________________ ____________________ took place in Japan in 1867, when the ____________________ was finally abolished.

Question 43

The final act of China's long civil war began almost as soon as ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ended.

Question 44

By October 1949, ____________________'s forces were clearly in control of the Chinese mainland, and ____________________ and his supporters had found it necessary to retreat to the offshore island of ____________________.