Deck 6: Atoms and Spectra

Question 1

Diagram 6-2
Diagram 6-2 illustrates a light source, a gas cloud, and three different lines of sight. Along which line of sight would an observer see a continuous spectrum?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 2 and 3
E) none of them

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following can be determined by using the Doppler effect?
I) the speed at which a star is moving away from an observer
II) the transverse velocity of a star
III) the radial velocity of a star
IV) the speed at which a car is traveling toward an observer

A) I & IV
B) II & III
C) II & IV
D) I & III
E) I, III, & IV

Answer 2

E

Question 3

You are standing near a railroad track and a train is moving toward you at 60 mph and blowing its horn. What will you notice as the train moves past you?

A) As the train approaches, the horn will sound lower in pitch than when the train is moving away.
B) As the train approaches, the horn will sound higher in pitch than when the train is moving away.
C) There will be no change in the pitch of the horn as it moves by.
D) The horn will get louder as the train moves away from you.
E) The horn will get quieter as the train moves toward you.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The neutral hydrogen atom consists of

A) one proton and one neutron.
B) one proton.
C) one proton, one neutron, and one electron.
D) one proton and one electron.
E) an isotope and an ion.

Question 5

____ has a negative charge and a mass about 2000 times smaller than a proton.

A) A neutron
B) An electron
C) A molecule
D) A nucleus
E) An isotope

Question 6

Figure 6-1
A plot of the continuous spectra of five different stars is shown in Figure 6-1. Based on these spectra, which of the stars has the lowest temperature?

A) Star A
B) Star B
C) Star C
D) Star D
E) Star E

Question 7

A neutral atom always contains

A) the same number of protons as it does neutrons.
B) the same number of electrons as it does neutrons.
C) the same number of protons as it does electrons.
D) twice as many protons as it does neutrons.
E) twice as many neutrons as it does protons.

Question 8

The process of removing an electron from a stable nucleus is known as

A) ionization.
B) Doppler broadening.
C) collisional broadening.
D) a red shift.
E) quantum mechanics.

Question 9

Diagram 6-2
Diagram 6-2 illustrates a light source, a gas cloud, and three different lines of sight. Along which line of sight would an observer see an emission spectrum?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 2 and 3
E) none of them

Question 10

Figure 6-1
A plot of the continuous spectra of five different stars is shown in Figure 6-1. Based on these spectra, which of the stars is the hottest?

A) Star A
B) Star B
C) Star C
D) Star D
E) Star E

Question 11

Diagram 6-2
Diagram 6-2 illustrates a light source, a gas cloud, and three different lines of sight. Along which line of sight would an observer see an absorption spectrum?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 2 and 3
E) none of them

Question 12

The ____ is responsible for binding the electrons to the nucleus.

A) Kirchhoff's law
B) ground state
C) temperature
D) Coulomb force
E) Balmer series

Question 13

A(n) ____ contains two or more atoms that are bound together by exchanging or sharing electrons with each other.

A) nucleus
B) ion
C) proton
D) electron cloud
E) molecule

Question 14

Diagram 6-1
In Diagram 6-1, which of the transitions would absorb a photon with the greatest energy?

A) Transition 1
B) Transition 2
C) Transition 3
D) Transition 4
E) Transition 5

Question 15

Diagram 6-1
In Diagram 6-1, which of the transitions would absorb a photon with the smallest energy?

A) Transition 1
B) Transition 2
C) Transition 3
D) Transition 4
E) Transition 5

Question 16

The ____ of a gas is a measure of the average speed of the particles (atoms or molecules) in the gas.

A) heat
B) composition
C) temperature
D) blue shift
E) binding energy

Question 17

An atom can be excited

A) if it emits a photon.
B) if it collides with another atom or electron.
C) if it absorbs a photon.
D) if it emits a photon or if it collides with another atom or electron.
E) if it collides with another atom or electron or if it absorbs a photon.

Question 18

The lowest energy level in an atom is

A) the absolute zero temperature.
B) the ground state.
C) the ionization level.
D) responsible for Doppler shifts.
E) the energy level from which the Paschen series of hydrogen originates.

Question 19

Absolute zero is

A) zero degrees Celsius.
B) the temperature at which atoms have no remaining energy from which we can extract heat.
C) the temperature at which water freezes.
D) zero degrees Celsius and the temperature at which water freezes.
E) none of the others.

Question 20

An atom that is excited

A) is also ionized.
B) is an isotope.
C) has had its electron moved to the lowest energy level.
D) can emit a photon when the electron moves to a lower energy level.
E) can emit a photon when the electron moves to a higher energy level.

Question 21

The H _δ line has a wavelength of 410.2 nm when observed in the laboratory. If the H _δ line appears in a stars spectrum at 410.0 nm, what is the radial velocity of the star?

A) 146 km/s away from the observer
B) 146 km/s toward the observer
C) 6.0 × 10⁷ m/s away from the observer
D) 6.0 × 10⁷ m/s toward the observer
E) The radial velocity of the star cannot be determined from this information.

Question 22

Which of the following cannot be determined from the spectrum of a star?

A) chemical composition
B) surface temperature
C) radial (along line of sight) velocity
D) tangential (perpendicular to line of sight) velocity
E) radial (along line of sight) velocity

Question 23

At what wavelength would a star radiate the greatest amount of energy if the star has a surface temperature of 60,000 K?

A) 50 nm
B) 500 nm
C) 300 nm
D) 1.8 × 10¹¹ nm
E) 180 nm

Question 24

One star has a temperature of 30,000 K and another star has a temperature of 6,000 K. Compared to the cooler star, how much more energy per second will the hotter star radiate from each square meter of its surface?

A) 5 times
B) 25 times
C) 8.1 × 10¹⁷ times
D) 625 times
E) 1.3 × 10¹⁵ times

Question 25

The Sun has a surface temperature of approximately 5800 K. At what wavelength does the maximum energy radiated by the Sun occur?

A) 5800 nm
B) 300 nm
C) 174 nm
D) 500 nm
E) 3000 nm

Question 26

At what wavelength would a star radiate the greatest amount of energy if the star has a surface temperature of 10,000 K?

A) 10 nm
B) 100 nm
C) 300 nm
D) 1.0 × 10⁴ nm
E) 3.0 × 10¹⁰ nm

Question 27

The H _γ line has a wavelength of 434.0 nm when observed in the laboratory. If the H _γ line appears in a stars spectrum at 434.5 nm, what is the radial velocity of the star?

A) 346 km/s away from the observer
B) 346 km/s toward the observer
C) 1.3 × 10⁸ m/s away from the observer
D) 1.3 × 10⁸ m/s toward the observer
E) The radial velocity of the star cannot be determined from this information.

Question 28

The temperature of an object from which no heat energy can be extracted is

A) 0 ° F.
B) 0 ° C.
C) 0 K.
D) 100 K.
E) 100 ° C.

Question 29

The radiation emitted from a star has a maximum intensity at a wavelength of 500 nm. What is the temperature of this star?

A) 6,000 K
B) 5,000 K
C) 1.5 × 10⁹ K
D) 500 K
E) 10,000 K

Question 30

What is the order of star colors with increasing temperature?

A) red, yellow, blue
B) blue, red, yellow
C) red, blue, yellow
D) yellow, red, blue
E) blue, yellow, red

Question 31

Each element has its own set of characteristic absorption lines because

A) the temperature of each element can varies.
B) elements can exist in different forms of matter.
C) electron energy levels differ for each element.
D) each element has a different mass.
E) absorption lines depend upon the speed of the object.

Question 32

The Doppler effect states that the motion of any object can

A) shift the wavelength of spectral lines.
B) change the speed of light emitted from the object.
C) enhance the chemical composition of the object.
D) make the object appear hotter.
E) make the object appear cooler.

Question 33

____ is a set of rules that describes how atoms and subatomic particles behave.

A) Kirchhoff's law
B) Blackbody radiation law
C) The Coulomb force
D) Quantum mechanics
E) The binding energy

Question 34

If you move an electron in an atom from a low energy level to a higher energy level within the atom, we say that the atom is

A) in the ground state.
B) ionized.
C) dissociated.
D) in an excited state.
E) neutralized.

Question 35

The neutral carbon atom consists of

A) one proton and one neutron.
B) six protons.
C) one proton, one neutron, and one electron.
D) six protons and six electrons.
E) an isotope and an ion.

Question 36

The radiation emitted from a star has a maximum intensity at a wavelength of 300 nm. What is the temperature of this star?

A) 300 K
B) 100 K
C) 900,000,000 K
D) 90,000 K
E) 10,000 K

Question 37

The bluer the light, the ____ each photon contains.

A) more energy
B) less energy
C) less speed
D) more speed
E) none of the above

Question 38

How much energy is radiated each second by one square meter of a star whose temperature is 10,000 K? Note: σ in the Stefan-Boltzmann law is equal to .

A) 5.67 × 10¹² J
B) 5.67 × 10⁸ J
C) 5.67 × 10⁴ J
D) 300 nm
E) 300,000,000 nm

Question 39

Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called

A) ions.
B) molecules
C) atomic pairs.
D) nuclear pairs.
E) isotopes.

Question 40

One star has a temperature of 10,000 K and another star has a temperature of 5,000 K. Compared to the cooler star, how much more energy per second will the hotter star radiate from each square meter of its surface?

A) 16 times
B) 2 times
C) 1 × 10¹⁶ times
D) 625 times
E) 25 times

Question 41

Which spectrum is shown above?

A) emission
B) absorption
C) blackbody
D) None of the other choices are correct.

Question 42

The number of ____ in the nucleus determines what element the nucleus is.

A) protons
B) electrons
C) neutrons
D) None of these determines the element.
E) All of these determine the element.

Question 43

Which one of the hydrogen atoms below is EMITTING light at a wavelength in the Balmer series?

A) second energy level to first (most bound)
B) third energy level to second
C) fourth energy level to third
D) second energy level to third
E) first energy level to second

Question 44

The figure shows a color image of Betelgeuse, a red giant star. Which of the surface temperatures below best matches Betelgeuse's surface temperature? Hint: Our Sun at 6000 K is yellow.

A) 64,000 K
B) 32,000 K
C) 16,000 K
D) 8000 K
E) 2000 K

Question 45

The nucleus is made of ____

A) electrons only.
B) protons only.
C) neutrons only.
D) electrons and protons, usually.
E) protons and neutrons, usually.

Question 46

Which spectrum is shown above?

A) continuous
B) emission
C) absorption
D) blackbody

Question 47

The process of making an electron less tightly bound to an atom's nucleus is known as

A) excitation.
B) Doppler broadening.
C) collisional broadening.
D) a red shift.
E) quantum mechanics.

Question 48

Which spectrum is shown above?

A) continuous
B) emission
C) absorption
D) All of the other choices are correct.

Question 49

Two white dwarf stars are the same size, but one has a surface temperature twice as hot as the other. The hotter star will radiate

A) half as much energy per second as the cooler star.
B) the same amount of energy per second as the cooler star.
C) four times as much energy per second as the cooler star.
D) sixteen times as much energy per second as the cooler star.

Question 50

Which property does color best represent?

A) velocity
B) thermal energy
C) temperature
D) heat

Question 51

Which one of the hydrogen atoms below is EMITTING light? The electron jumps from the

A) second energy level to first (most bound).
B) third energy level to fourth.
C) fourth energy level to fifth.
D) second energy level to third.
E) first energy level to second.

Question 52

Which spectrum is shown above?

A) emission
B) absorption
C) continuous
D) blackbody

Question 53

When an electron transitions from a higher orbital level to a lower orbital level, a photon is ______.

A) absorbed
B) transitioned to somewhere else in that same orbit
C) emitted
D) None of the other choices are correct as a photon is not a product of or source to the transition.

Question 54

Which of the following is not a fundamental component of the atom?

A) proton
B) neutron
C) ion
D) electron

Question 55

If a light-emitting object is moving away from you, you observe its wavelengths to be ________ its wavelengths if it were at rest.

A) longer than
B) shorter than
C) the same as

Question 56

The most massive part of the atom is(are) the ____ which has(have) a ____ charge.

A) electrons; negative
B) nucleus; negative
C) electrons; positive
D) nucleus; positive

Question 57

An atom can be ionized by ____ it.

A) removing electrons from
B) adding an electron to
C) removing a proton from
D) Either removing electron from or and adding an electron to

Question 58

Suppose the laboratory wavelength of a spectral line is 600 nm. In a star it is measured to be 599.4 nm. Is the star moving toward or away from us, relative to the line of sight? How fast is it moving? (Hint: c = 300,000 km/s)

A) toward; 300 km/s
B) away; 300 km/s
C) at rest; 0 km/s
D) sideways; 300 km/s
E) toward; 150 km/s

Question 59

The wavelength of the hydrogen line from level 1 to level 2 in a hot star is ____________ the wavelength of the same line in a cool star. The stars have the same radial velocities away from Earth.

A) larger than
B) the same as
C) smaller than
D) not enough information to answer

Question 60

If continuous spectrum light from a star passes through a cool, low-density gas on its way to your telescope and spectroscope, ____ spectrum on the continuous spectrum results.

A) a dark (absorption) line
B) a bright (emission) line
C) continuous

Question 61

____________________ is a measure of the amount of energy due to the motion of the particles in a gas, liquid, or solid.

Question 62

The ____________________ of a star can be determined from its color.

Question 63

What holds the electron to the nucleus of an atom?

A) Coulomb force
B) binding energy
C) thermal energy
D) heat

Question 64

Since an electron is so less massive than a proton, what is the approximate mass and charge of a neutral hydrogen atom?

A) the mass of an electron, negative
B) the mass of a proton, neutral
C) the mass of a neutron, positive
D) the mass of a proton and neutron, positive

Question 65

In the above model of an atom, where is the neutron located, assuming a neutron is present?

A) A
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3

Question 66

In the diagram below, draw the transition that would emit a photon with the shortest wavelength.

Question 67

Where are neutrons found in the hydrogen atom?

A) nucleus
B) cloud surrounding the nucleus
C) outside the atom
D) None of the other choices are correct.

Question 68

What is a blackbody?

A) a perfect emitter and a perfect absorber of light
B) a perfectly opaque object
C) a dense object having a temperature above absolute zero
D) All of the other choices are correct.

Question 69

The process of removing an electron from a stable nucleus is known as ____________________.

Question 70

If the radial velocity of a star is positive, the star is moving _________________ you.

A) parallel to
B) away from
C) towards
D) in circles around

Question 71

In the above image of a glowing gas cloud, you mainly see the color pink. Which spectra would you mostly expect from this gas cloud?

A) absorption
B) continuous
C) emission
D) blackbody

Question 72

Which series is shown above?

A) Lyman
B) Paschen
C) Balmer
D) None of the other choices are correct.

Question 73

In the above model of an atom, where would the proton be located?

A) A
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3

Question 74

If the change in wavelength is less than zero, then the radial velocity tells you that the star is moving _______________ you.

A) parallel to
B) away from
C) towards
D) in circles around

Question 75

To create the above spectra, which of the following is NOT true?

A) A dense gas is excited and the light produced is over all wavelengths.
B) A low-density gas is excited and the light produced is over discrete wavelengths.
C) Light from a low-density gas passes through a warm, dense gas and the light that is produced is at all wavelengths except for a few discrete wavelengths.
D) All of the other choices are not true.

Question 76

To create the above spectra, which of the following is NOT true?

A) Light from a blackbody passed though a cool, low-density gas.
B) Light from a continuous spectrum passed through a cool, low-density gas.
C) Light from a hot, dense gas produced light at all wavelengths.
D) All of the other choices are not true.

Question 77

The higher the surface temperature of the star, the _______________ the wavelength of maximum intensity and the ____________ total radiation emitted from surface per second.

A) lower, less
B) higher, more
C) lower, more
D) higher, less

Question 78

In the above model of an atom, if you were to draw an electron's transition from the second excited state to the third excited state, what numbers would this correspond from/to? What kind of spectrum would be produced?

A) 3 to 4, absorption
B) 2 to 3, absorption
C) 3 to 4, emission
D) 2 to 3, emission

Question 79

I.
II)
III)
Which spectra, and in which order, would you expect to generate the pink color in the above cloud of gas?

A) II then III
B) I then II then III
C) III then II
D) III

Question 80

What kind of spectra is shown above?

A) continuous
B) blackbody
C) emission
D) absorption