Deck 6: Protein

Question 1

An example of a situation in which nitrogen balance is positive is

A) aging.
B) infection.
C) starvation.
D) pregnancy.

Answer 1

D
Positive nitrogen balance means that more nitrogen is retained in the body than is excreted.This would be the situation in pregnancy,when new tissue is being formed in the mother and fetus.Aging,infection,and starvation are all times when the nitrogen balance would be negative.

Question 2

During acute bacterial infections,patients need extra protein to manufacture

A) hormones.
B) antibodies.
C) antibiotics.
D) enzymes.

Answer 2

B
During bouts of infection,the immune system uses protein to produce antibodies.Hormones are chemical messengers in the body that are sometimes proteins but are not directly involved in fighting infection.Antibiotics help recover from bacterial infections but are administered to the patient and are not produced by the body.Enzymes are protein catalysts in the body and are also not involved in fighting infection.

Question 3

For clients with phenylketonuria the most important part of treatment is to

A) not eat any foods that contain phenylalanine.
B) limit their phenylalanine intake to the amount their bodies need.
C) take enzyme supplements to help digest phenylalanine.
D) take penicillin to prevent complications.

Answer 3

B
People with phenylketonuria do need some phenylalanine to make essential proteins,but they should not take in more than they need because they will be unable to break down the excess.Phenylalanine is an amino acid,the smallest product of protein digestion,and so it is not digested by enzymes.Penicillin is used to prevent secondary infections in people with sickle cell anemia but is not used to treat phenylketonuria.

Question 4

An example of a food that contains complete protein is

A) oatmeal.
B) lentil soup.
C) peanut butter.
D) hard-boiled egg.

Question 5

Without vitamin B₆,the body would be unable to

A) absorb amino acids.
B) digest proteins.
C) convert ammonia to urea.
D) regulate acid-base balance.

Question 6

High levels of glucocorticoid hormones are likely to be produced by someone who

A) participates in a weight-training program.
B) consumes excessive amounts of protein.
C) is pregnant.
D) has a large infected wound.

Question 7

If a person usually ate 2 ounces of lean meat at lunchtime and decided to substitute cooked lentils instead,how much of the lentils would the person need to eat?

A) 2 tablespoons
B) cup
C) cup
D) 1 cup

Question 8

The protein found in muscles whose function is similar to that of hemoglobin in blood is

A) collagen.
B) oxyglobin.
C) myoglobin.
D) myosin.

Question 9

If a patient has a torn ligament,then during healing and recovery,the patient's body would need to manufacture

A) fibrin.
B) albumin.
C) collagen.
D) hemoglobin.

Question 10

The most important function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to

A) convert pepsinogen to its active enzyme form,pepsin.
B) denature dietary proteins to allow digestion.
C) kill bacteria in food and prevent foodborne illness.
D) stop the action of salivary amylase.

Question 11

A patient fell off a bicycle and broke one arm and one leg.Immediately after the accident,the patient's body will be in a state of

A) anabolism.
B) catabolism.
C) deamination.
D) hypermetabolism.

Question 12

If a person were to eat a diet that provided carbohydrate,fat,and micronutrients,but very little protein,for example if he or she ate only whole-wheat pita bread with olive oil,

A) the body would manufacture amino acids to make essential proteins from fatty acids and glycogen.
B) body metabolism would decrease to conserve amino acids until protein intake was resumed.
C) the liver would recirculate amino acids instead of breaking them down and excreting urea.
D) the body would break down muscle tissue to provide amino acids to make essential proteins.

Question 13

High urinary urea excretion may be caused by

A) high protein intake.
B) phenylketonuria.
C) kidney failure.
D) administration of growth hormone.

Question 14

The property of protein that is most important to its buffering properties is

A) its ability to create osmotic pressure in intravascular,intracellular,and interstitial fluids.
B) the fact that amino acids include both an acid carboxyl group and an amine base group.
C) its ability to pump nutrients and other vital substances across cell membranes.
D) its communication (hormones)and catalytic (enzyme)functions that help regulate body functions.

Question 15

An example of a meal that contains complementary proteins is

A) pasta and tomato sauce.
B) split pea soup with crackers.
C) oatmeal and buttered toast.
D) fruit yogurt with strawberries.

Question 16

If a man weighs 190 lb and eats 150 g protein per day,his protein intake is _____ of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).

A) less than 100%
B) between 100% and 150%
C) between 150% and 200%
D) greater than 200%

Question 17

Nonessential amino acids can be made by the liver from

A) glucose and urea.
B) other amino acids.
C) fatty acids and glycerol.
D) enzymes and hormones.

Question 18

Some proteins contain an alpha helix,which is part of their _____ structure.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 19

Body proteins may become denatured in the presence of a

A) drug overdose.
B) very high fever.
C) vitamin deficiency.
D) high stress level.

Question 20

The most accurate statement about amino acids is that

A) most amino acids contain sulfur.
B) they are stored in the liver for use when needed.
C) essential amino acids cannot be manufactured by body cells.
D) nonessential amino acids cannot be manufactured body cells.

Question 21

The sports coaches at a university are designing training diets for their teams.Why do they need to provide more protein for the men's rowing team than for the women's rowing team?

A) The men's team is more active than is the women's team.
B) The men's team has more lean body mass than does the women's team.
C) The men's team has a higher metabolic rate than does the women's team.
D) The men's team uses dietary protein less efficiently than does the women's team.

Question 22

A small child has normal weight,but his arms and legs are thin,whereas his belly and face appear swollen.His mother tells you that the only food they have had in the house for the past 3 weeks is noodles and some bread.The child probably has

A) malabsorption syndrome.
B) acute infection.
C) marasmus.
D) kwashiorkor.

Question 23

Janet eats beans,grains,fruits,and vegetables,and milk.Her diet is considered

A) lactovegetarian.
B) ovolactovegetarian.
C) flexitarian.
D) vegan.

Question 24

The RDA of protein for a healthy adult who weighs 60 kg is _____ g/day.

A) 36
B) 48
C) 60
D) 72

Question 25

An appropriate size serving of meat,poultry,or fish is about the size of

A) your fist.
B) a dollar bill.
C) the palm of your hand.
D) one fourth of a dinner plate.

Question 26

A person who follows a strict kosher diet would not eat

A) macaroni and cheese.
B) a cheeseburger and fries.
C) a bean-and-cheese burrito.
D) roast beef with mashed potatoes.

Question 27

Examples of individuals who may have an increased risk for malnutrition include

A) inactive middle-aged men.
B) sleep-deprived adolescents.
C) children with chronic infections.
D) breastfed infants.

Question 28

An example of the lifestyle habit of "chaining" is

A) gradually reducing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages.
B) eating a piece of fruit with breakfast every day.
C) keeping a record of all food and beverages eaten.
D) involving all family members in choosing healthy foods.

Question 29

Eric follows a vegetarian eating pattern,and he wants to know whether he needs to take any vitamin and mineral supplements.What would be most important to find out?

A) Whether he includes complementary vegetable proteins
B) Whether he follows a vegan eating pattern or eats some animal foods
C) Whether his skin has regular exposure to sunlight
D) Whether he relies on mostly natural or mostly processed foods

Question 30

Most physically active adults in America do not need to eat more protein than inactive adults because

A) exercise does not increase protein needs as long as energy needs are met.
B) exercise increases the efficiency of recycling amino acids so that extra needs are met endogenously.
C) most people have high enough protein intake to provide the extra protein needed for active muscles.
D) most Americans are not sufficiently active to cause an increase in protein requirements.