Deck 10: Nutrition Across The Life Span

Question 1

If a child does not like a food when he or she tries it for the first time,the

A) child's preference should be respected,and the child should not be encouraged to try it again.
B) child should be offered a reward if he or she eats a reasonable amount of the food.
C) child should be encouraged to eat at least five bites to see whether his or her taste buds adjust.
D) child should be offered the food at least 8 to 10 times at other meals before he or she decides whether he or she likes it.

Answer 1

D
Children often need to be exposed to new food 8 to 10 times before they will accept them.Rewarding children for eating foods and forcing them to eat specific amounts do not usually encourage acceptance.They should be offered the food again because one time is not sufficient to determine food preferences.

Question 2

A pregnant client complains of constipation during pregnancy.This is probably caused by

A) inadequate intakes of dietary fiber and fluids.
B) reduced activity levels as body size increases.
C) increased levels of the hormone estrogen.
D) increased levels of the hormone progesterone.

Answer 2

D
During pregnancy,increased progesterone levels cause relaxation of smooth muscle,which slows intestinal transit and may cause constipation.Estrogen levels also increase but do not cause constipation.Increases in fiber and fluid intake may help relieve constipation,but low intake is not the primary cause during pregnancy.Similarly,reduced levels of physical activity may exacerbate constipation but are not the primary cause.

Question 3

To prevent baby bottle tooth decay in infants who need a bottle at bedtime,the bottle should not contain

A) fruit juice.
B) beverages sweetened with sugar.
C) any liquid other than water.
D) iron-fortified infant formula.

Answer 3

C
Baby bottle tooth decay is caused when infants go to sleep with bottles containing any liquids that contain sugar or other nutrients,including formula,breast milk,fruit juice,or other sweetened beverages.If they are put to bed with a bottle,it should contain only water.

Question 4

If a woman in her last trimester of pregnancy has marked edema,what else should be evaluated?

A) Body temperature and hematocrit
B) Blood and urinary glucose levels
C) Blood pressure and urine protein levels
D) Sodium intake and urinary sodium excretion

Question 5

If a woman has had preeclampsia and hypertension in a previous pregnancy,then during this pregnancy she should

A) restrict her sodium intake.
B) continue her regular sodium intake.
C) restrict her protein intake.
D) take iron and calcium supplements.

Question 6

An example of a breakfast that would meet the School Breakfast Program requirements would be

A) scrambled egg,bacon,toast,and orange juice.
B) cold breakfast cereal with milk,toast with honey.
C) toast with peanut butter,banana,and milk.
D) turkey sausage,hash browns,ketchup,and milk.

Question 7

If an obese woman is 6 months pregnant and has gained about 8 lbs so far,her health care provider should recommend that she

A) try to maintain her current weight throughout the rest of her pregnancy.
B) continue to gain weight at about the same rate throughout the pregnancy.
C) increase her weight gain to achieve weight gain in the recommended range.
D) plan food choices carefully and gradually lose weight during pregnancy.

Question 8

The best way to reduce the risk of asphyxiation (choking)in toddlers is to make sure that they

A) drink plenty of fluids with meals.
B) avoid conversation during meals.
C) sit down while eating and chew foods well.
D) eat with utensils rather than with their fingers.

Question 9

The best way to encourage children to consume adequate nutrients with less than 30% of kilocalories from fat is to

A) avoid fast food and fried foods.
B) follow a vegan eating pattern.
C) provide low-fat foods and a vitamin or mineral supplement.
D) include plenty of fruits,vegetables,and whole grains.

Question 10

For a woman with a healthy prepregnancy weight,gaining a total of 31 pounds throughout pregnancy would be considered

A) too low for a healthy pregnancy.
B) too high for a healthy pregnancy.
C) within the current recommended range for weight gain.
D) within the current recommended range for weight gain for a woman experiencing gestational diabetes.

Question 11

A mother of a toddler tells you that her child drinks several cups of fruit juice each day.How would you respond?

A) It is important to decrease juice intake because high potassium intake can be dangerous for young children.
B) Even though fruit juice contains some micronutrients,intake should be limited because it also has high levels of natural sugar.
C) As long as the juice is 100% real fruit juice,this is a good way to increase intake of fruits and micronutrients.
D) Drinking juice is healthful as long as the child has adequate intake of foods from all the food groups.

Question 12

Recommendations for treatment of gestational diabetes include

A) weight loss.
B) dietary control.
C) avoidance of sugar.
D) oral diabetes medication.

Question 13

The child most likely to develop type 2 diabetes is the one who

A) is obese.
B) is malnourished.
C) has multiple food allergies.
D) lives in a low-income household.

Question 14

The health care provider would be most concerned if a pregnant woman told him or her that she

A) has to taste wines to pair with foods for catering events.
B) has cravings for salty snacks throughout the day.
C) follows a vegan pattern of eating.
D) lost 40 lb during the year before she became pregnant.

Question 15

The best way for a nursing mother to increase her milk supply is to

A) nurse her infant more often and for longer periods of time.
B) provide supplemental formula to allow milk reserves to build.
C) drink lactogenic herbal teas that stimulate milk production.
D) drink extra milk and add extra servings of dairy products.

Question 16

If a 2-year-old is drinking four 8-oz cups of milk daily,he or she is probably drinking

A) too little milk to provide sufficient calcium for the growing skeleton.
B) approximately the right amount of milk to meet nutrient needs.
C) approximately the right amount of milk,if the child is at a healthy weight.
D) too much milk,which may displace other important foods from the diet.

Question 17

The person who is most likely to have an inadequate calcium intake is a(n)

A) school-age child who receives free school breakfast and lunch.
B) toddler who prefers to drink milk rather than eat meals.
C) adolescent boy who plays varsity football.
D) adolescent girl who is a competitive gymnast.

Question 18

The nutrient that pregnant women are most likely to need to take in the form of a supplement is

A) iron.
B) calcium.
C) protein.
D) vitamin C.

Question 19

A meal that a family should not share with their 10-month-old infant is

A) meatloaf and mashed potatoes.
B) refried beans and cheese.
C) peanut butter and honey sandwich.
D) baked fish and butternut squash.

Question 20

The most potentially harmful situation for an infant is

A) breastfeeding during the day and bottle-feeding at night.
B) running out of infant formula and using whole milk for a few days instead.
C) breastfeeding by a mother who is being treated with antibiotics.
D) breastfeeding by a mother who gained less weight than is recommended during pregnancy.

Question 21

After going through menopause,a woman may need to pay extra attention to her food and activity habits because she is now at increased risk for

A) osteoporosis.
B) type 2 diabetes.
C) bronchial asthma.
D) iron deficiency anemia.

Question 22

In comparison with the iron needs of younger women,those of older women

A) decrease because of slower turnover of red blood cells.
B) decrease because of menopause.
C) increase because iron absorption becomes less efficient.
D) increase because oxygen use is less efficient.

Question 23

An appropriate way to maintain a healthy body weight includes

A) eating only at set mealtimes.
B) learning to respond to actual hunger cues.
C) counting calories to restrict energy intake.
D) avoiding foods that have high levels of fat and added sugar.

Question 24

The program that would be most helpful for a lonely 75-year-old widow who has been gradually losing weight since her husband's death is the _____ Program.

A) Senior Nutrition
B) Emergency Food Assistance
C) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance
D) Child and Adult Care Food

Question 25

An example of a child who is at high risk for iron deficiency anemia is the child

A) who has allergies to milk and nuts.
B) who lives in an African American low-income family.
C) whose parents work full time.
D) who eats most food away from home.

Question 26

Alcohol abuse is associated with poor nutritional status because

A) alcohol intake increases basal metabolic rate.
B) alcoholic beverages displace healthful foods from the diet.
C) alcohol increases the desire for foods with high levels of fat and sugar.
D) people with alcoholism often eat in bars that serve a limited number of foods.

Question 27

An example of rationalizing is

A) restricting food intake by rationing food.
B) coping with stress by using biofeedback techniques.
C) identifying emotional triggers for eating.
D) using a busy schedule to justify poor food choices.

Question 28

Interventions for obese children should focus on

A) gradual weight loss.
B) low-fat food choices.
C) healthy lifestyle behaviors.
D) increased physical activity.

Question 29

Lead poisoning may be diagnosed at the same time as

A) food allergies.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) iron deficiency anemia.
D) vitamin D and calcium deficiencies.

Question 30

The lifestyle factor that would contribute most to a child's becoming overweight is

A) attending after-school daycare.
B) trading foods at lunchtime with friends.
C) being raised by one or more grandparents.
D) being home alone after school every day.

Question 31

In adults older than 80,the greatest dietary concern is

A) preventing weight gain.
B) increasing lean body mass.
C) maintaining adequate nutritional status.
D) preventing coronary heart disease and cancer.

Question 32

The person most likely to be eligible for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)is a

A) 55-year-old single man who earns minimum wage.
B) college student who works part time.
C) single mother with three children who works part time.
D) pregnant woman with gestational diabetes.

Question 33

Protein needs continue to increase until about age 24 years because

A) height continues to increase.
B) lean body mass continues to increase.
C) protein metabolism becomes less efficient.
D) higher protein intake prevents conversion of muscle to body fat.

Question 34

The best way for older adults who live in cold climates to meet their increased need for vitamin D is to

A) increase their skin exposure to sunlight.
B) increase their intake of vitamin D-fortified dairy products.
C) take vitamin D supplements.
D) increase their intake of fatty fish.

Question 35

If an older adult has lost several teeth and complains that foods are bitter or tasteless,he or she may have a deficiency of

A) zinc.
B) iron.
C) vitamin C.
D) vitamin B₁₂.

Question 36

An older adult's nutritional status may decline if he or she has arthritis because

A) arthritis is associated with loss of appetite.
B) the ability to prepare food may be impaired.
C) taste changes may cause food to be unappetizing.
D) arthritis causes an increase in protein and nutrient requirements.

Question 37

One way a 50-year-old individual can help maintain lean body mass and minimize increases in body fat is to

A) engage in regular exercise,including strength training.
B) use stress-reduction strategies,such as massage therapy.
C) ensure that the diet includes adequate amounts of high-quality protein.
D) decrease energy intake to prevent weight gain.

Question 38

As adults age,they are likely to want to add _____ to their food.

A) less salt
B) more salt
C) fewer salt substitutes
D) more salt substitutes

Question 39

If an older adult is confused,he or she may have a deficiency of

A) iron.
B) zinc.
C) water.
D) protein.

Question 40

An example of someone who is at high risk for malnutrition and weight loss is a(n)

A) 21-year-old student who works part time.
B) 36-year-old single mother with three children.
C) 57-year-old man who is unemployed.
D) 88-year-old widow who lives alone.