Deck 12: Food-Related Issues

Question 1

One advantage of a full liquid diet is that it

A) has low levels of saturated fat and high levels of fiber.
B) is suitable for patients with lactose intolerance.
C) is likely to be tolerated by patients with dysphagia.
D) can provide an adequate diet if very carefully planned.

Answer 1

D
With careful planning,a full liquid diet can provide adequate nutrition.However,full liquid diets tend to have high levels of saturated fat (from dairy products)and low levels of fiber (because whole foods are not eaten).It is not suitable for patients with lactose intolerance unless it is highly modified because it includes considerable amounts of dairy products.It is not well tolerated by patients with dysphagia,who often have difficulty swallowing liquids.

Question 2

According to the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)of 1994,dietary supplements are considered

A) foods.
B) drugs.
C) nutrients.
D) food additives.

Answer 2

A
DSHEA considers dietary supplements to be foods,not drugs,nutrients,or food additives.

Question 3

Using a margarine fortified with plant sterol and stanol esters to help decrease blood cholesterol levels is an example of using a

A) probiotic.
B) functional food.
C) dietary supplement.
D) complementary food.

Answer 3

B
Margarine fortified with physiologically active food components,such as plant sterol and stanol esters,is considered a functional food.Probiotics contain live microorganisms thought to be beneficial to the body.Dietary supplements contain natural or synthetic nutrients in an isolated form.Complementary is a term used to describe nontraditional therapies used alongside conventional treatments,rather than to describe foods.

Question 4

If a physician orders a "diet as tolerated" for a patient,the nurse should

A) make food selections for the patient in accordance with the patient's symptoms.
B) determine the appropriate type of diet for the patient in accordance with the patient's condition.
C) consult the registered dietitian to determine when the diet should be advanced.
D) encourage the patient to normalize the diet as his or her appetite and symptoms allow.

Question 5

For patients who are taking prescription or over-the-counter drugs,herbal preparations

A) should all be avoided.
B) can be considered safe.
C) should be taken separately from drugs.
D) may cause dangerous herb-drug interactions.

Question 6

A patient who is an orthodox Jew would not eat

A) chicken in cream sauce.
B) a hamburger and fries.
C) a grilled cheese and tomato sandwich.
D) scrambled eggs and hash browns.

Question 7

If a patient starts vomiting immediately after eating seafood and states that the one other time he or she ate seafood,he or she had a similar reaction,the patient probably has

A) food poisoning.
B) celiac disease.
C) an allergy to seafood
D) a viral infection.

Question 8

If a patient has had a stroke and needs enteral feedings because he or she cannot chew or swallow but has no other medical problems,he or she can be fed with a(n)_____ formula.

A) isotonic
B) modular
C) elemental
D) polymeric

Question 9

Nurses should ask patients about their use of over-the-counter medications because

A) those medications may cause drug-drug or nutrient-drug interactions.
B) the medical staff has a legal responsibility to know what patients are using.
C) they may be able to advise patients about cheaper generic forms of drugs.
D) patients should not take prescription and over-the-counter drugs at the same time.

Question 10

A one-a-day multivitamin or multimineral supplement at 100% or less of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)is probably most beneficial for a(n)

A) young adult who lifts weights before work every morning.
B) older adult living at home alone.
C) business executive with a high-stress job.
D) newly retired,socially active woman.

Question 11

A patient should be discouraged from using echinacea to help reduce the duration of colds if he or she is using

A) anticoagulant drugs to prevent formation of blood clots.
B) immunosuppressant drugs after organ transplantation.
C) oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy.
D) oral hypoglycemic agents for treatment of diabetes.

Question 12

If a patient with depression takes a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI),the nurse may want to ask about use of herbal products because of potential interactions if the patient is using

A) ginseng.
B) ginkgo biloba.
C) St.John's wort.
D) evening primrose oil.

Question 13

The most important thing a nurse can do to prevent the spread of foodborne illness among hospitalized patients is to

A) discard any food that is uneaten within 30 minutes of being served.
B) wear a mask when serving food or helping feed patients.
C) wash hands thoroughly before serving food and after using the bathroom.
D) discourage friends and family members from bringing in food for the patient.

Question 14

If an individual has back pain and seeks treatment with acupuncture,as well as a physician at a traditional spine clinic,this would be an example of using _____ medicine.

A) traditional
B) integrative
C) alternative
D) complementary

Question 15

If a patient is receiving radiation to the mouth and neck area and has a sore mouth,the most appropriate type of diet while he or she is in hospital would be a _____ diet.

A) regular
B) mechanical soft
C) full liquid
D) clear liquid

Question 16

A food restriction shared by both Muslims and Jews is

A) not combining meat and dairy at the same meal.
B) not eating pork or any food products from pigs.
C) avoiding coffee,tea,and alcohol.
D) eating fish with fins and scales but not shellfish.

Question 17

A clear liquid diet would be most appropriate for

A) someone who has had several teeth removed and is unable to chew.
B) a pregnant woman with persistent nausea.
C) someone who has had a stroke and has difficulty swallowing.
D) a patient who has had major surgery within the past 18 hours.

Question 18

If a patient drools,takes a long time to eat,and often gags during meals,he or she may have

A) dementia.
B) esophageal cancer.
C) regurgitation.
D) dysphagia.

Question 19

Registered dietitians may encourage patients to use specific herbal supplements

A) that are less expensive than conventional medications.
B) that they have used themselves and found to be helpful.
C) that are approved by the U.S.Department of Agriculture (USDA).
D) for which efficacy and safety have been scientifically studied and documented.

Question 20

During a home visit to a patient receiving home enteral nutrition,the greatest source of concern would be if the

A) patient were receiving enteral feedings only during the night.
B) patient has gained 1 pound during the past month.
C) family complains that they miss being able to eat meals together.
D) family is blending family meals to make their own formula.

Question 21

Intravenous lipid emulsions are used as part of parenteral nutrition to prevent fatty acid deficiency and to

A) increase patient satiety.
B) provide a source of fat-soluble vitamins.
C) add kilocalories without increasing osmolality.
D) add kilocalories with minimal expense.

Question 22

To determine the nutritional adequacy of a tube feeding,

A) the patient's actual formula intake and body weight should be recorded daily.
B) intake and output records should be completed during each nursing shift.
C) urine glucose levels,gastric residuals,and bowel movements should be recorded.
D) anthropometric,biochemical,and clinical indexes should be assessed weekly.

Question 23

A patient has undergone several gut resections because of cancer and is unlikely to resume adequate oral intake of nutrients.The best way to feed this patient would be via

A) central parenteral nutrition.
B) peripheral parenteral nutrition.
C) a PEG tube.
D) jejunal enteral feedings.

Question 24

The best way to maintain the integrity and function of the gut in someone who is receiving parenteral nutrition is to

A) supplement parenteral nutrition with probiotics.
B) encourage patients to smell foods to stimulate gastric juices.
C) use enemas to keep fluids in the gut without using the oral route.
D) give the patient small sips of diluted fruit juice if possible.

Question 25

If a patient is to receive enteral feedings for several weeks because of esophageal surgery but is otherwise generally healthy,he or she may be fed through a _____ tube.

A) nasogastric
B) nasoduodenal
C) percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)
D) jejunostomy

Question 26

Feeding tubes should be placed into the small intestine rather than the stomach if

A) the patient is comatose.
B) a regular polymeric formula is being used.
C) the patient prefers not to have a tube passing through his or her nose.
D) the patient is expected to resume oral feedings within 1 to 2 weeks.

Question 27

If a patient with cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency requires enteral feedings,he or she should be fed a(n)

A) elemental formula.
B) modular formula.
C) formula specially formulated for critically ill patients.
D) lactose-free formula.

Question 28

Bolus enteral feedings would be appropriate for a patient who

A) has had a gastrectomy.
B) has a PEG tube.
C) is being fed via a nasoduodenal tube.
D) has a history of aspiration-related pneumonia.

Question 29

During transitions from parenteral or enteral tube feedings to oral feedings,patients should be monitored to ensure that

A) they do not develop hypoglycemia.
B) total nutritional intake is adequate.
C) their weight does not increase rapidly.
D) they do not experience nausea and vomiting.

Question 30

To reduce the risk of aspiration,patients who are receiving enteral tube feedings should be positioned

A) sitting upright.
B) lying on their side.
C) with the head of the bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees.
D) with the head of the bed elevated 45 to 60 degrees.

Question 31

If a patient starts to experience diarrhea 12 hours after starting enteral feedings,the first course of action the medical staff would try is

A) switching to a lactose-free formula.
B) decreasing the rate of the formula feeding.
C) switching to an elemental formula.
D) stopping the feeding until the diarrhea resolves.

Question 32

If a patient receiving parenteral nutrition has a fluid restriction,he or she would need to be fed via _____ parenteral nutrition.

A) peripheral
B) central
C) peritoneal
D) cyclical