Deck 15: Nutrition for Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

If a patient with type 2 diabetes shows early signs of kidney disease,the first priority in nutrition management is

A) restricting dietary protein intake.
B) normalizing blood glucose levels.
C) limiting dietary sodium intake.
D) increasing fluid intake.

Answer 1

B
If a patient with diabetes begins to develop any kind of complications,the priority in treatment is always normalizing blood glucose levels.Avoiding excessive intakes of protein and sodium and maintaining adequate protein intake may be beneficial but are not the first steps.

Question 2

If a woman is brought into the emergency room with nausea,weakness,and fruity-smelling breath,the test you would perform first is

A) blood glucose measurement.
B) blood alcohol measurement.
C) a pregnancy test.
D) blood pressure measurement.

Answer 2

A
The most important test to perform first is measurement of blood glucose level because this can and must be corrected rapidly if the patient has ketoacidosis.Blood alcohol level could be checked if blood glucose level is normal.A pregnancy test and blood pressure may be important measurements if blood glucose and blood alcohol are normal,but those would not be performed first.

Question 3

Diabetic ketoacidosis may occur in a patient with type 1 diabetes who

A) gets caught in traffic and misses a meal.
B) participates in an all-day sporting event.
C) accidentally takes a double dose of insulin.
D) goes away for the weekend and forgets to take his or her insulin.

Answer 3

D
Diabetic ketoacidosis may occur in a patient with type 1 diabetes who goes away for the weekend and forgets to take his or her insulin.Missing a meal would cause hypoglycemia.Participation in an all-day sporting event could cause hypoglycemia if he or she did not eat extra food.Taking a double dose of insulin would cause hypoglycemia.

Question 4

An individual with a blood glucose level of 40 mg/dL would have

A) hypoglycemia.
B) a normal blood glucose level.
C) hyperglycemia.
D) impaired glucose tolerance.

Question 5

The person who would be most likely to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus is a(n)

A) sedentary Asian American man.
B) man with alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver.
C) woman with retinal damage.
D) overweight Native American woman.

Question 6

The cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus is

A) excessive intake of simple sugars.
B) destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
C) inability of cells to respond to insulin in the bloodstream.
D) inability of the pancreas to keep up with the body's demands for insulin.

Question 7

At a routine physical examination,a 50-year-old man has a fasting blood glucose level of 160 mg/dL.The next step in diagnosis and treatment would be

A) referral to a diabetes clinic.
B) prescribing an oral hypoglycemic agent.
C) rechecking fasting blood glucose level.
D) evaluating cardiovascular risk factors.

Question 8

Glycosylated hemoglobin level is used to indicate

A) the effect of meals on blood glucose level.
B) day-to-day variations in blood glucose level.
C) iron deficiency anemia in patients with diabetes.
D) overall blood glucose control over several weeks.

Question 9

If someone with type 1 diabetes has nausea and vomiting,weakness,and fatigue,as well as excessive hunger and thirst,but does not have a fruity or acetone odor on his or her breath,he or she may have

A) hepatic encephalopathy.
B) diabetic ketoacidosis.
C) hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS).
D) hypoglycemia.

Question 10

If a 15-year-old student who runs cross-country and long-distance track events starts to lose weight and is continually thirsty and hungry,he or she may have

A) type 1 diabetes.
B) type 2 diabetes.
C) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
D) hepatitis virus infection.

Question 11

If a patient with diabetes mellitus checks blood glucose level before going for a 2-mile run and it is 90 mg/dL,he or she should

A) administer extra short- or rapid-acting insulin.
B) administer extra intermediate- or long-acting insulin.
C) eat carbohydrate-containing food before exercising.
D) go for the run and recheck blood glucose levels afterwards.

Question 12

If someone using intensive insulin therapy with multiple injections daily wanted to celebrate his or her birthday and enjoy a slice of birthday cake,he or she would

A) decrease food intake at other meals.
B) add an extra aerobic workout afterwards.
C) use an extra dose of intermediate- or long-acting insulin.
D) use an extra dose of short- or rapid-acting insulin.

Question 13

If a patient with type 2 diabetes wants to lose weight,the preferred choice of medication would be

A) insulin.
B) sulfonylureas.
C) thiazolidinediones.
D) metformin.

Question 14

The best strategy for a patient with type 2 diabetes to use to maintain good metabolic control is to

A) avoid all sources of simple carbohydrates.
B) avoid eating during the evening or at night.
C) space their meals evenly throughout the day.
D) eat one large meal and two small meals each day.

Question 15

A young man with type 1 diabetes runs 3 miles,falls asleep on the sofa,and forgets to eat his next meal.He is likely to experience

A) nephropathy.
B) hypoglycemia.
C) hyperglycemia.
D) diabetic ketoacidosis.

Question 16

If a patient with type 1 diabetes is unable to maintain good blood glucose control through insulin injections,the physician may recommend

A) an oral hypoglycemic agent.
B) using an insulin pump.
C) more frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose.
D) a daily exercise routine.

Question 17

To prevent hypoglycemia after exercise,patients with type 1 diabetes should

A) decrease the insulin dose.
B) omit a scheduled insulin dose.
C) increase their intake of protein-based foods.
D) increase their intake of carbohydrate-based foods.

Question 18

In a patient with type 2 diabetes,a glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA₁c)level of 7.9% would be considered

A) too low.
B) normal.
C) indicative of prediabetes.
D) indicative of poor blood glucose control.

Question 19

The two strongest risk factors for type 2 diabetes are

A) obesity and family history.
B) recurrent viral infections and stress.
C) male gender and upper body obesity.
D) preference for sweet foods and sedentary lifestyle.

Question 20

If members of an overweight family wants to reduce their risk for type 2 diabetes,the most helpful nutritional change they could make would be to

A) increase their intake of dietary fiber.
B) decrease their intake of refined sugar.
C) decrease their portion sizes at meals and snacks.
D) switch to a vegetarian pattern of eating.

Question 21

Patients with diabetes are most likely to maintain good glycemic control successfully if their prescribed meal plan

A) includes some favorite foods each week.
B) is based on the patient's usual eating habits.
C) is tailored to achieve individual weight-loss goals.
D) include meals and snacks eaten at the same time each day.

Question 22

Eating plans for patients with diabetes mellitus and gastroparesis should include

A) six small meals daily.
B) three regular meals daily.
C) high-protein intake.
D) increased fluid intake.

Question 23

A pregnant woman is most likely to develop gestational diabetes during her pregnancy if she

A) is underweight and gains insufficient weight during pregnancy.
B) is overweight and has a family history of type 2 diabetes.
C) has cravings for high-sugar foods during the first trimester.
D) is white,non-Hispanic,and unmarried.

Question 24

Patients with type 1 diabetes should be taught to regulate the _____ in meals and snacks.

A) kilocalorie content
B) total amount of sugars
C) total amount of dietary fiber
D) total amount of carbohydrates

Question 25

An example of a good after-workout snack for someone with type 1 diabetes is

A) skim milk.
B) beef jerky.
C) string cheese.
D) peanuts.

Question 26

If a young man with type 1 diabetes wants to eat cake for dessert after a meal of roast chicken,mashed potatoes,gravy,green beans,and dinner rolls,he should eat

A) fewer potatoes,fewer rolls,or fewer of both.
B) less chicken and gravy.
C) fewer green beans.
D) less of everything.

Question 27

If a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a fever and no appetite,he or she should consume

A) dry foods,such as toast or crackers.
B) commercial liquid nutrition supplements.
C) liquid or soft sources of carbohydrates.
D) water,tea,or beverages sweetened with nonnutritive sweeteners.

Question 28

For women with type 1 diabetes,good metabolic control is especially important at the time of conception and during the first trimester to prevent

A) macrosomia.
B) fetal malformations.
C) nutrient deficiencies.
D) excessive weight gain.

Question 29

If a patient with diabetes complains that he or she is experiencing diarrhea on a regular basis,the nurse should ask about

A) whether the patient uses sugar-free gum.
B) the patient's intake of dietary fiber.
C) the amount of sleep that the patient gets each night.
D) the patient's use of laxative medications.

Question 30

If a young woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus is in a car accident and breaks several bones,she is likely to need

A) less insulin than usual.
B) more insulin than usual.
C) a different type of insulin.
D) the same amount of insulin.