Deck 6: Biomedical Science

Question 1

Which of the following terms related to electricity defines electrical potential (electrical charge)?

A) amperes
B) current
C) volts
D) watts

Answer 1

C

Question 2

All of the following are components of a three-prong electrical plug EXCEPT:

A) current convertor
B) ground pin
C) negative (neutral)
D) positive (hot)

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What term describes an item that enhances or allows for the flow of alternating or direct electrical current?

A) conductor
B) insulator
C) neutralizer
D) transmitter

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The electromagnetic waves that create radio and television signals are measured in wave cycles per second termed:

A) frequency
B) resistance
C) voltage
D) wattage

Question 5

What is the term for the object in an electrical circuit (e.g., surgical light or ESU) that receives and can modify the amount of power from the source?

A) conductor
B) field
C) load
D) terminal

Question 6

What is the term for a single alternating current cycle?

A) ampere
B) hertz
C) volt
D) watt

Question 7

What is the term for the small graphic symbols displayed on a monitor screen that represent computer files or programs that a user "clicks" on to open?

A) avatar
B) byte
C) drive
D) icon

Question 8

What is the term for the process of starting up when a computer is initially turned on?

A) bolding
B) booting
C) burning
D) browsing

Question 9

Which of the following is an Internet address within a document or e-mail that is bolded or underlined and will open a Web page when it is clicked on?

A) attachment
B) hyperlink
C) icon
D) pixel

Question 10

What term is used to describe the transferring of files and documents to a compact disc (CD)?

A) burning
B) etching
C) flashing
D) surfing

Question 11

The clarity of a computer monitor screen image is its:

A) resignation
B) resistance
C) resolution
D) resonance

Question 12

What is the name of the device that has right and left buttons and a roller, and may be a wired or wireless part of a computer used to point and click to items on the monitor?

A) keyboard
B) mouse
C) processor
D) scanner

Question 13

Specialized equipment in the OR, such as portable x-ray units or laser generators, may require which type of wall outlet that can handle the increased load necessary to power the equipment?

A) compressed air
B) nitrous oxide
C) 110 V
D) 220 V

Question 14

What term for legal right of an author or photographer over the reproduction of original work?

A) branding
B) copyright
C) domain
D) trademark

Question 15

How much memory does a computer with a gigabyte (GB) capacity hold?

A) 1,000 bytes
B) 1,000 kilobytes
C) 1,000 megabytes
D) 1 trillion bytes

Question 16

The opposite charged ends of a magnet are its:

A) apertures
B) filaments
C) gaps
D) poles

Question 17

What is the name of the visual indicator represented by an arrow, blinking line, or hand that appears when the mouse is used to point to something on the screen?

A) character
B) checker
C) clicker
D) cursor

Question 18

Google, Yahoo, and Bing are popular:

A) computer processing units
B) Internet service providers
C) Internet search engines
D) word-processing programs

Question 19

Alternating current (AC) is dependent upon the free flow of which subatomic particles?

A) electrons
B) neutrons
C) protons
D) quarks

Question 20

The spark-gap tube generator developed in the 1920s was the precursor of which piece of standard OR equipment?

A) central processing unit
B) electrosurgical unit
C) extracorporeal circulation machine
D) ground circuit interrupter outlet

Question 21

Solids, gases, liquids, and semiconductor crystals are types of:

A) chemical coagulants
B) electrical conductors
C) robotic power sources
D) surgical laser media

Question 22

Which generation of robots does NOT have any degree of artificial intelligence (AI) and requires consistent oversight?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 23

All of the following represent a complete AC electrical circuit EXCEPT:

A) C battery ® C battery ® wire ® flashlight bulb
B) ESU generator ® bipolar cord ® one prong of bipolar forceps ® tissue ® other prong of bipolar forceps ® bipolar cord ® ESU generator
C) positive (hot) wire ® negative (neutral) wire ® ground source
D) wall plug ® ESU generator ® active electrode pencil ? tissues ® patient ground pad ® ESU generator ® wall plug

Question 24

Which type of gas is used to enhance the effectiveness of the electrosurgical unit active electrode pencil?

A) argon
B) CO₂
C) helium
D) nitrous oxide

Question 25

Which of the following is a safety mechanism engineered into the ESU that alerts the surgical team that the device is being activated?

A) audible tone
B) flashing light on pencil
C) smoke from generator
D) vibration of electrodes

Question 26

Laser wavelengths determine the color and invisibility of the beam and are categorized from their place along the:

A) Bell curve
B) table of natural elements
C) electromagnetic spectrum
D) universal nomenclature

Question 27

Which of the following lasers falls into the invisible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, is absorbed by cellular fluid, and is not dependent on tissue color?

A) argon
B) CO₂
C) Ho:YAG
D) Nd:YAG

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a type of ESU tip?

A) ball
B) loop
C) needle
D) trocar

Question 29

Which of the following terms is defined as the number of ways that a robotic manipulator can move?

A) degrees of freedom
B) resolution
C) sensitivity
D) telepresence

Question 30

All of the following are examples of tissue interaction with laser light energy EXCEPT:

A) absorption
B) contraction
C) reflection
D) transmission

Question 31

Which of the following modes or settings of the electrosurgical unit (ESU) would NOT require use of a patient return electrode (ground pad)?

A) bipolar
B) blended
C) coagulation
D) cutting

Question 32

Which of the following terms is defined as the extent to which a machine, microscope, human, or robot can differentiate between two objects?

A) binaural hearing
B) degrees of rotation
C) resolution
D) telechir

Question 33

What is the term for the precision of a laser beam and is based on the area exposed, the time activated, and the power setting?

A) amplification
B) coherence
C) collimation
D) fluence

Question 34

Which of the following would MOST likely be the cause of a patient burn from alternate exit pathway of ESU current?

A) fingernail bed under the pulse oximeter
B) placement site of electrocardiogram (ECG) leads
C) skin over a bony prominence such as the scapula
D) soles of the feet under the sequential pulsing pads

Question 35

When using a bayonet bipolar forceps:

A) argon gas may be used to enhance the cutting mode
B) one side of the forceps collects and returns the current to the generator
C) the dispersive patient return electrode returns the current back to the generator
D) the surgeon chooses the blended current mode to reduce the thermal damage to adjacent tissue

Question 36

Resonant frequency capacitive coupling and dielectric breakdown are examples of:

A) computer program malfunctions
B) electrosurgery burns to personnel
C) laser energy tissue effects
D) robotic operation modes

Question 37

In a laser generator, what is found at both ends that allows for the amplification and stimulated emission of laser light?

A) LED lightbulbs
B) magnetic poles
C) mirror reflectors
D) wire filaments

Question 38

Ebonized or other specially coated instruments should be used when which surgical device is being used in a narrow space?

A) argon beam coagulator
B) CO₂ laser hand piece
C) electrosurgical pencil
D) ultrasonic scalpel

Question 39

What is the property of the gel portion of the patient return electrode (ground pad) that completes the ESU circuit?

A) conductivity
B) impedance
C) insulated
D) resistance

Question 40

To prevent inadvertent activation of the ESU resulting in possible ignition of draping materials, the pencil should be placed in which of the following when NOT in use?

A) instrument pouch
B) kidney basin
C) rigid holster
D) trocar cannula

Question 41

Which type of laser uses gases that are toxic and potentially fatal, and therefore rarely used in the OR setting?

A) argon
B) CO₂
C) excimer
D) krypton

Question 43

The patient return electrode for a patient undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy would MOST likely be placed:

A) on the anterior thigh
B) under the buttocks
C) on the anterior left chest
D) around the right upper arm

Question 44

Robotic manipulators are not sterilized, but are covered with disposable drapes for surgical procedures.

Question 45

What is the name of the complex robotic operating system created and marketed by Intuitive Surgical®?

A) Aesop
B) Columbus
C) da Vinci
D) Magellan

Question 46

A patient return electrode (ground pad) may be repositioned to another site if the gel is still "sticky."

Question 47

What is the name of the inert gas beam used with invisible light lasers to provide visual aiming to target tissue?

A) argon-neon
B) argon-helium
C) helium-neon
D) helium-krypton

Question 48

The bipolar mode of the ESU can be used only to cut tissue.

Question 49

The acronym laser stands for light application by special electromagnetic radiation.

Question 50

Cartesian coordinate geometry uses the system of graphing mathematical functions and moves the robotic manipulators along the x , y , and z axes.

Question 51

Which term describes the right and left movements of a robotic manipulator that has 3-D capability?

A) axis
B) pitch
C) roll
D) yaw

Question 52

During routine robotic surgery procedures, where is the surgeon?

A) sitting on the contralateral side of the OR table from the surgical site
B) standing on the operative side of the OR table
C) sitting at the robotic console separate from the OR table
D) standing between the patient's legs, which are in low-lithotomy stirrups

Question 53

What is the term for the developing technology of performing a surgical procedure in real time but from a distant location?

A) Cartesian coordinate geometry
B) expert systems
C) revolute geometry
D) telesurgery

Question 54

Which laser unit has articulated joints with mirrors at the bend points and requires that care must be taken not to disrupt the alignment of those mirrors during transport, because that could result in an unpredictable beam trajectory?

A) argon
B) CO₂
C) krypton
D) Nd:YAG

Question 55

Which type of laser has a wavelength that creates a bright blue-green visible light within a plasma tube?

A) argon
B) CO₂
C) Ho:YAG
D) Nd:YAG

Question 56

Which of the following laser beams cannot transmit through clear fluid or glass?

A) argon
B) CO₂
C) krypton
D) Nd:YAG