Deck 4: Speacial Populations

Question 1

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of which body system?

A) cardiovascular
B) endocrine
C) genitourinary
D) integumentary

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In what way can the surgical technologist who is setting up his or her back table and Mayo stand reduce an 18-month-old patient's anxiety prior to induction of anesthesia?

A) Wave to and joke with patient, while maintaining distance from unsterile areas.
B) Break scrub and hold patient down on bed during IV placement.
C) Leave room when patient enters to reduce number of persons in room, returning after anesthesia induction.
D) Perform normal duties of preparation of the sterile field, keeping as quiet as possible for induction.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which physiological response to environmental temperature changes is missing or undeveloped in an infant of less than 6 months of age?

A) fever
B) flushing
C) shivering
D) shock

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which organ is responsible for the failure to produce insulin in a patient with type I diabetes?

A) kidney
B) liver
C) pancreas
D) spleen

Question 5

What is the name of the device used to test the blood of patients with diabetes for metabolic status?

A) acetometer
B) glucometer
C) insulometer
D) ketometer

Question 6

A patient undergoing bariatric surgery may require extra time for general anesthetic reversal because anesthetic agents may be accumulated in and slowly eliminated from what type of tissue?

A) adipose fat
B) hypertrophic liver
C) lung alveoli
D) smooth muscle

Question 7

Which classification of antibiotics is contraindicated for use in neonates due to increased incidence of kernicterus?

A) cephalosporins
B) penicillins
C) sulfonamides
D) tetracyclins

Question 8

What is the usual cause of a clavicular fracture of a neonate during a vaginal delivery?

A) cephalopelvic disproportion
B) placenta previa
C) shoulder dystocia
D) use of surgical forceps

Question 9

What other condition frequently suffered by obese patients and discovered intraoperatively may be treated surgically in conjunction with a bariatric procedure?

A) cholelithiasis
B) degenerative osteoarthritis
C) non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
D) obstructive sleep apnea

Question 10

What is a common potential side effect of all forms of antibiotic therapy for major pediatric infections?

A) hypovolemic shock
B) kernicterus
C) pseudomembranous enterocolitis
D) tooth enamel staining and hypoplasia

Question 11

What is the number one cause of death in children ages 1 to 15 in the United States?

A) accidents
B) carcinoma
C) genetic malformations
D) metabolic disorders

Question 12

Bariatric patients undergoing surgery and in the immediate postoperative period should have sequential compression devices applied to the lower extremities to prevent:

A) congestive heart failure
B) deep vein thrombosis
C) hypovolemic shock
D) respiratory arrest

Question 13

What is a coping mechanism often seen in children reacting to trauma?

A) adaptation
B) denial
C) regression
D) trivializing

Question 14

Which of the following is a common response of pediatric patients to injury and may result in gastric dilation?

A) assuming a fetal position
B) hyperventilation
C) projectile vomiting
D) syncope and collapse

Question 15

An emergency laparotomy would be the indicated treatment for all of the following postoperative bariatric surgery complications EXCEPT:

A) abdominal catastrophe
B) gastric perforation
C) thrombophlebitis
D) bowel strangulation

Question 16

Which of the following is the major cause of serious trauma suffered by pediatric patients?

A) bicycle falls
B) birth injuries
C) electrical burns
D) motor vehicle accidents

Question 17

Overgrowth of which microorganism is most likely responsible for pediatric cases of enterocolitis following antibiotic therapy?

A) Clostridium difficile
B) Escherichia coli
C) Helicobacter pylori
D) Staphylococcus aureus

Question 18

What type of physiological measurement method is rarely done in a neonatal patient due to risk of anatomical trauma?

A) cut-down intra-arterial catheter placement
B) urethral catheterization for urinary output
C) esophageal temperature probe placement
D) pulse oximetry for blood oxygen saturation

Question 19

What is the MOST common type of shock seen in infants and children?

A) cardiogenic
B) hypervolemic
C) hypovolemic
D) septic

Question 20

Which position enhances a bariatric patient's total lung volume and aids in ventilation?

A) lateral chest
B) low-lithotomy
C) Trendelenburg
D) reverse Trendelenburg

Question 21

A patient with acquired immunodeficiency virus may have complications of multiple infections from diseases considered to be:

A) benign
B) opportunistic
C) symbiotic
D) transient

Question 22

All of the following national agencies have regulations or protocols for health care workers who may be exposed to infectious diseases in their work environment EXCEPT:

A) CDC
B) NIOSH
C) NFPA
D) OSHA

Question 23

During which part of pregnancy would an abdominal surgery be considered safest for both mother and fetus?

A) first trimester
B) second trimester
C) third trimester
D) concurrent with delivery

Question 24

What is the term for the mechanism of injury in a trauma patient that takes into account velocity of the injuring force, flexibility of the tissue, and shape of the injuring force?

A) advance directive
B) informatics
C) kinematics
D) trauma designation

Question 25

Kaposi's sarcoma is sometimes seen in combination with which of the following diseases?

A) TB
B) HBV
C) HPV
D) AIDS

Question 26

Which of the following activities would present no risk of contracting HIV from an infected individual?

A) conversation in close proximity
B) pregnancy and childbirth
C) sharing used hypodermic needles
D) unprotected sexual relations

Question 27

Which organ is MOST often injured in motor vehicle accidents?

A) brain
B) heart
C) liver
D) spleen

Question 28

For which condition would a patient coming to the operating room likely need an interpreter?

A) total blindness
B) complete deafness
C) Down syndrome
D) vegetative state

Question 29

Which patient condition might be characterized by physical appearance of flat nasal bridge and short neck with some impairment of cognitive ability and growth, slower speech, and an affectionate to clingy persona?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Down syndrome
C) juvenile diabetes
D) pituitary dwarfism

Question 30

High- or low-velocity projectiles are factors in which type of injuries?

A) blunt
B) electrical
C) hypothermia
D) penetrating

Question 31

Which level of trauma center designation can meet all the needs required for treating patients on a 24-hour basis?

A) Level I
B) Level II
C) Level III
D) Level IV

Question 32

For which type of transmission-based disease would health care workers need to be fitted for an N-95 respirator mask?

A) airborne
B) contact
C) droplet
D) vector-borne

Question 33

Placement of a rolled sheet or pad to elevate a pregnant patient's right hip, tilting the operating room table to the left with slight Trendelenburg, or both will shift the weight of the gravid uterus and relieve pressure from the:

A) abdominal aorta and vena cava
B) bilateral sciatic nerves
C) pelvic floor and bladder
D) ureters and right kidney

Question 34

What is the chemical and physiological classification of insulin?

A) carbohydrate
B) hormone
C) protein
D) sugar

Question 35

During a surgical procedure on a pregnant patient, the surgical technologist in the scrub role may be asked to palpate what area to detect possible contractions?

A) carotid artery
B) gravid uterus
C) radial artery
D) xiphoid process

Question 36

For which special patient population group would the help of a counselor or social worker who could communicate the current state of mind or mood of the patient to the OR staff be of benefit to all parties involved?

A) geriatric
B) isolation
C) pediatric
D) substance abuse

Question 37

Multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis are examples of:

A) autoimmune diseases
B) congenital anomalies
C) demyelinating processes
D) hereditary disorders

Question 38

Physical forces of deceleration, acceleration, compression, and shearing are factors in which type of injuries?

A) blunt
B) electrical
C) hypothermia
D) penetrating

Question 39

The term golden hour refers to reduction of morbidity and mortality of which type of patient population?

A) pregnant patients
B) trauma victims
C) premature neonates
D) organ transplant recipients

Question 40

Because of the types of drugs used to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ, the recipient patient is considered to have which of the following?

A) autoimmune disorder
B) immunodeficiency syndrome
C) immunosuppressed status
D) T-lymphocyte compromise

Question 41

Which diagnosis could create a social stigma and possible overdramatization of exposure risk by health care workers?

A) carcinoma of the lung
B) human immunodeficiency virus
C) morbid obesity
D) type II diabetes mellitus

Question 42

Vomiting from preoperative narcotics can predispose patients with diabetes to fluid and electrolyte imbalances resulting in:

A) hypertension
B) hypotension
C) hyperglycemia
D) hypoglycemia

Question 43

Which body system is highly susceptible to injury during positioning of bariatric and geriatric patients?

A) cardiovascular
B) digestive
C) integumentary
D) respiratory

Question 44

Which anesthetic method helps reduce the anxiety and stress experienced by pediatric surgical patients?

A) awake intubation
B) Bier block
C) rapid induction
D) spinal continuous drip

Question 45

In which pediatric age group would all of the craniofacial sinuses be fully developed?

A) neonatal
B) toddler
C) preschooler
D) adolescent

Question 47

In a surgical procedure on a severely injured trauma patient, which of the following measures is of utmost importance?

A) performing accurate sponge, sharps, and instrument counts
B) prepping all traumatic wounds with a pulse lavage device
C) keeping the patient's spine in alignment during changes in position
D) keeping the patient's body temperature well below 35°C (95°F).

Question 48

To preserve evidence in a criminal case, what might be done to the patient's hands if the patient does not require surgery?

A) A hand sanitizer is rubbed into the skin of the hands.
B) Bags are placed around the hands and taped in place.
C) Sterile oversized gloves are placed on both hands.
D) A surgical scrub brush and water are used to 2 inches above the elbows.

Question 49

Patients with developmental delays may suffer cognitive disabilities, but may also exhibit normal intelligence.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a potential risk from administration of general anesthesia to a pregnant patient?

A) fetal death
B) lower birth weight
C) placenta previa
D) preterm labor

Question 51

Approximately 80% of which special patient population presents to surgery with one or more comorbid conditions?

A) geriatric
B) pregnant
C) pediatric
D) sensory impaired

Question 52

Which special patient population group has a 30% to 80% statistical likelihood of coexisting psychiatric illness in addition to the diagnosis for which they are coming to surgery?

A) HIV/AIDS
B) geriatric
C) physically challenged
D) substance abuse

Question 53

Which special patient populations would likely require diagnostic biopsies for verification of cryptosporidiosis, candidiasis, or cytomegalovirus infections?

A) HIV/AIDS
B) diabetic
C) geriatric
D) trauma

Question 54

A surgical technologist working in a Veteran's Administration (VA) facility might frequently encounter patients with which of the following conditions?

A) COPD
B) DCIS
C) IDDM
D) PTSD

Question 55

Wound healing in bariatric surgery patients is enhanced due to the increased vascularity of adipose tissue.

Question 56

Morbid obesity refers to patients whose body weight is greater than how many pounds over their ideal weight?

A) 15
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100

Question 57

Which broad category of routes of transmission of microorganisms includes food, water, and medical devices and equipment?

A) airborne
B) droplet
C) common vehicle
D) vector-borne

Question 58

Pediatric patients require an enhanced team focus on the physiological needs in a more dramatic way than any other age group.

Question 59

In many cases, for all age populations, pulse oximetry has replaced arterial blood gases (ABGs) as the routine method of monitoring blood oxygenation, due to its low cost, ease, and decreased potential for infection.

Question 60

Conditions such as severe arthritis, contractures, and tremors are categorized under which type of challenge?

A) cognitive
B) developmental
C) physical
D) sensory

Question 61

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common postoperative complication in patients with diabetes due to the increased perfusion of affected tissues.