Question 1

Concussions&#10;Concussions are brain injuries that occur when a person receives a blow to the head, face, or neck. Although most people who suffer a concussion experience initial bouts of dizziness, nausea, and drowsiness, these symptoms often disappear after a few days. The long-term effects of concussions, however, are less understood and far more severe.&#10;Recent studies suggest that people who suffer multiple concussions are at significant risk for developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain disorder that causes a variety of dangerous mental and emotional problems to arise weeks, months, or even years after the initial injury. These psychological problems can include depression, anxiety, memory loss, inability to concentrate, and aggression. In extreme cases, people suffering from CTE have even committed suicide or homicide. The majority of people who develop these issues are athletes who participate in popular high-impact sports, especially football.&#10;Improvements in diagnostic technology have provided substantial evidence to link severe-and often fatal-psychological disorders to the head injuries players receive while on the field. Recent autopsies performed on the brains of football players who have committed suicide have shown advanced cases of CTE in every single victim.&#10;In response to the growing understanding of this danger, the National Football League (NFL) has revised its safety regulations. There is hope that these new regulations, coupled with advances in helmet design, will reduce the number of concussions player endure, and thus curb the number of CTE cases. Efforts by the NFL and other professional sports leagues are certainly laudable. However, new regulations at the professional level cannot protect amateur players, especially young people. Fatal cases of CTE have been reported in victims as young as 21. With appropriate equipment and form, tackling need not be dangerous. Proper tackling form-using the arms and shoulders to aim for a player's midsection rather than leading with the top of the head-should be taught at an early age. Youth, high school, and college leagues should also adopt safety rules even more stringent than the NFL's.&#10;Question: Which would best replace 'stringent,' used in the last sentence of the passage?&#10;A)Fast-acting&#10;B)Strict&#10;C)Necessary&#10;D)Advanced

Accepted Answer

&#160;Strict&#10;The word 'strict'&#160;is a perfect synonym in this case. The author believes that youth, high school, and college leagues should be more strict than their NFL counterparts.&#10;The author discusses reasons why the safety rules should change, but 'advance'&#160;is not a synonym for 'stringent.'&#10;Although the author believes that stringent rules are necessary, the word in itself is not the appropriate synonym for the word 'stringent.&#34;&#10;The text does not make note regarding the speed at which new regulations should be put in place. In any case, 'fast-acting' is not an appropriate replacement for 'stringent.'

Question 2

Concussions&#10;Concussions are brain injuries that occur when a person receives a blow to the head, face, or neck. Although most people who suffer a concussion experience initial bouts of dizziness, nausea, and drowsiness, these symptoms often disappear after a few days. The long-term effects of concussions, however, are less understood and far more severe.&#10;Recent studies suggest that people who suffer multiple concussions are at significant risk for developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain disorder that causes a variety of dangerous mental and emotional problems to arise weeks, months, or even years after the initial injury. These psychological problems can include depression, anxiety, memory loss, inability to concentrate, and aggression. In extreme cases, people suffering from CTE have even committed suicide or homicide. The majority of people who develop these issues are athletes who participate in popular high-impact sports, especially football.&#10;Improvements in diagnostic technology have provided substantial evidence to link severe-and often fatal-psychological disorders to the head injuries players receive while on the field. Recent autopsies performed on the brains of football players who have committed suicide have shown advanced cases of CTE in every single victim.&#10;In response to the growing understanding of this danger, the National Football League (NFL) has revised its safety regulations. There is hope that these new regulations, coupled with advances in helmet design, will reduce the number of concussions player endure, and thus curb the number of CTE cases. Efforts by the NFL and other professional sports leagues are certainly laudable. However, new regulations at the professional level cannot protect amateur players, especially young people. Fatal cases of CTE have been reported in victims as young as 21. With appropriate equipment and form, tackling need not be dangerous. Proper tackling form-using the arms and shoulders to aim for a player's midsection rather than leading with the top of the head-should be taught at an early age. Youth, high school, and college leagues should also adopt safety rules even more stringent than the NFL's.&#10;Question: Why does the author include the detail &#34;fatal cases of CTE have been reported in victims as young as 21&#34;&#160;in the passage?&#10;A)To give an example of the psychological dangers of advanced cases of CTE.&#10;B)To support the opinion that the NFL should have more stringent regulations.&#10;C)To support the argument that safe ways to tackle need to be taught at an early age.&#10;D)To support the argument that leagues involving young people should adopt stringent safety rules.

Accepted Answer

The author uses this to back up his argument regarding the need for stringent rules in amateur leagues. Since fatal cases of CTE have been reported in young people, there is a need to impose stricter safety rules to curb the problem.
The detail does not necessarily give an example of the psychological dangers of advanced cases of CTE, as it only includes information regarding its fatality.
To support the opinion that the NFL should have more stringent regulations is incorrect since the NFL cannot protect amateur players, especially young people, this detail does not support the NFL's regulations.
To support the argument that safe ways to tackle need to be taught at an early age is incorrect. Although the author discusses the importance of providing safety education, it is separate from this detail.

Question 3

Concussions&#10;Concussions are brain injuries that occur when a person receives a blow to the head, face, or neck. Although most people who suffer a concussion experience initial bouts of dizziness, nausea, and drowsiness, these symptoms often disappear after a few days. The long-term effects of concussions, however, are less understood and far more severe.&#10;Recent studies suggest that people who suffer multiple concussions are at significant risk for developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain disorder that causes a variety of dangerous mental and emotional problems to arise weeks, months, or even years after the initial injury. These psychological problems can include depression, anxiety, memory loss, inability to concentrate, and aggression. In extreme cases, people suffering from CTE have even committed suicide or homicide. The majority of people who develop these issues are athletes who participate in popular high-impact sports, especially football.&#10;Improvements in diagnostic technology have provided substantial evidence to link severe-and often fatal-psychological disorders to the head injuries players receive while on the field. Recent autopsies performed on the brains of football players who have committed suicide have shown advanced cases of CTE in every single victim.&#10;In response to the growing understanding of this danger, the National Football League (NFL) has revised its safety regulations. There is hope that these new regulations, coupled with advances in helmet design, will reduce the number of concussions player endure, and thus curb the number of CTE cases. Efforts by the NFL and other professional sports leagues are certainly laudable. However, new regulations at the professional level cannot protect amateur players, especially young people. Fatal cases of CTE have been reported in victims as young as 21. With appropriate equipment and form, tackling need not be dangerous. Proper tackling form-using the arms and shoulders to aim for a player's midsection rather than leading with the top of the head-should be taught at an early age. Youth, high school, and college leagues should also adopt safety rules even more stringent than the NFL's.&#10;Question: Which supporting detail is an example of an opinion, rather than factual information?&#10;A)Regulations that protect professional sports leagues do not mean that amateur and school leagues are equally protected.&#10;B)Understanding ways to approach tackling in the proper way should be taught early on in sports teams.&#10;C)Fatal cases of CTE have been reported in young victims.&#10;D)In some cases, football players who develop CTE have been involved in murders or suicides.

Accepted Answer

This is considered an opinion because the text does not include factual information (statistics, for example) regarding tackling.
Regulations that protect professional sports leagues do not mean that amateur and school leagues are equally protected is considered factual information. According to the text, amateur and school leagues are not protected under regulations that affect professional leagues, such as the NFL.
Fatal cases of CTE have been reported in young victims is factual information since the information has been reported and is an example of the effects of CTE.
In some cases, football players who develop CTE have been involved in murders or suicides is factual information based on the negative effects of CTE involving football players.

Question 4

Concussions&#10;Concussions are brain injuries that occur when a person receives a blow to the head, face, or neck. Although most people who suffer a concussion experience initial bouts of dizziness, nausea, and drowsiness, these symptoms often disappear after a few days. The long-term effects of concussions, however, are less understood and far more severe.&#10;Recent studies suggest that people who suffer multiple concussions are at significant risk for developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain disorder that causes a variety of dangerous mental and emotional problems to arise weeks, months, or even years after the initial injury. These psychological problems can include depression, anxiety, memory loss, inability to concentrate, and aggression. In extreme cases, people suffering from CTE have even committed suicide or homicide. The majority of people who develop these issues are athletes who participate in popular high-impact sports, especially football.&#10;Improvements in diagnostic technology have provided substantial evidence to link severe-and often fatal-psychological disorders to the head injuries players receive while on the field. Recent autopsies performed on the brains of football players who have committed suicide have shown advanced cases of CTE in every single victim.&#10;In response to the growing understanding of this danger, the National Football League (NFL) has revised its safety regulations. There is hope that these new regulations, coupled with advances in helmet design, will reduce the number of concussions player endure, and thus curb the number of CTE cases. Efforts by the NFL and other professional sports leagues are certainly laudable. However, new regulations at the professional level cannot protect amateur players, especially young people. Fatal cases of CTE have been reported in victims as young as 21. With appropriate equipment and form, tackling need not be dangerous. Proper tackling form-using the arms and shoulders to aim for a player's midsection rather than leading with the top of the head-should be taught at an early age. Youth, high school, and college leagues should also adopt safety rules even more stringent than the NFL's.&#10;Question: Which best explains the author's opinion regarding the National Football League's (NFL) response to concussion dangers?&#10;A)Although the response was necessary, not much can be done regarding the lack of funding for appropriate equipment.&#10;B)The NFL should be the first to implement safety rules for less professional leagues and pioneer safety education in the sports sector.&#10;C)While commendable, it needs to be more inclusive and adaptable for other professional levels and leagues.&#10;D)Efforts have not been studied closely enough and need to be developed for amateur leagues.

Accepted Answer

The author states that the NFL has had a laudable approach when dealing with CTE cases, but mentions that new regulations are also needed for other players in different leagues.
Although the author mentions that matters will need to be developed for amateur leagues, Efforts have not been studied closely enough and need to be developed for amateur leagues is incomplete in that it does not include the author's opinion on the NFL's commendable approach.
The NFL should be the first to implement safety rules for less professional leagues and pioneer safety education in the sports sector is incorrect. While the author believes that less professional leagues (including leagues such as college, youth, and high school) should implement safety rules, (s)he does not state that the NFL should be the organization to implement these rules. Instead, he states that the youth, high school, and college leagues should have even more stringent rules when compared to the NFL.
Although the response was necessary, not much can be done regarding the lack of funding for appropriate equipment is incorrect. The author does not mention lack of funding when it comes to appropriate equipment, but it is mentioned that appropriate equipment could help make tackling less dangerous.

Question 5

Concussions&#10;Concussions are brain injuries that occur when a person receives a blow to the head, face, or neck. Although most people who suffer a concussion experience initial bouts of dizziness, nausea, and drowsiness, these symptoms often disappear after a few days. The long-term effects of concussions, however, are less understood and far more severe.&#10;Recent studies suggest that people who suffer multiple concussions are at significant risk for developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain disorder that causes a variety of dangerous mental and emotional problems to arise weeks, months, or even years after the initial injury. These psychological problems can include depression, anxiety, memory loss, inability to concentrate, and aggression. In extreme cases, people suffering from CTE have even committed suicide or homicide. The majority of people who develop these issues are athletes who participate in popular high-impact sports, especially football.&#10;Improvements in diagnostic technology have provided substantial evidence to link severe-and often fatal-psychological disorders to the head injuries players receive while on the field. Recent autopsies performed on the brains of football players who have committed suicide have shown advanced cases of CTE in every single victim.&#10;In response to the growing understanding of this danger, the National Football League (NFL) has revised its safety regulations. There is hope that these new regulations, coupled with advances in helmet design, will reduce the number of concussions player endure, and thus curb the number of CTE cases. Efforts by the NFL and other professional sports leagues are certainly laudable. However, new regulations at the professional level cannot protect amateur players, especially young people. Fatal cases of CTE have been reported in victims as young as 21. With appropriate equipment and form, tackling need not be dangerous. Proper tackling form-using the arms and shoulders to aim for a player's midsection rather than leading with the top of the head-should be taught at an early age. Youth, high school, and college leagues should also adopt safety rules even more stringent than the NFL's.&#10;Question: What is the primary purpose of the passage?&#10;A)To spread awareness regarding CTE's debilitating symptoms and disastrous long-term effects in the athletic community.&#10;B)To inform the reader of the typical warning signs associated with those who have been diagnosed with CTE.&#10;C)To persuade the reader to take action against the NFL's most recent response to the increased cases of CTE.&#10;D)To inform the reader of the dangerous disorder, CTE, while responding to examples of the efforts that have been made to decrease the harmful effects of contact sports.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Concussions&#10;Concussions are brain injuries that occur when...

Question 6

Concussions&#10;Concussions are brain injuries that occur when a person receives a blow to the head, face, or neck. Although most people who suffer a concussion experience initial bouts of dizziness, nausea, and drowsiness, these symptoms often disappear after a few days. The long-term effects of concussions, however, are less understood and far more severe.&#10;Recent studies suggest that people who suffer multiple concussions are at significant risk for developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain disorder that causes a variety of dangerous mental and emotional problems to arise weeks, months, or even years after the initial injury. These psychological problems can include depression, anxiety, memory loss, inability to concentrate, and aggression. In extreme cases, people suffering from CTE have even committed suicide or homicide. The majority of people who develop these issues are athletes who participate in popular high-impact sports, especially football.&#10;Improvements in diagnostic technology have provided substantial evidence to link severe-and often fatal-psychological disorders to the head injuries players receive while on the field. Recent autopsies performed on the brains of football players who have committed suicide have shown advanced cases of CTE in every single victim.&#10;In response to the growing understanding of this danger, the National Football League (NFL) has revised its safety regulations. There is hope that these new regulations, coupled with advances in helmet design, will reduce the number of concussions player endure, and thus curb the number of CTE cases. Efforts by the NFL and other professional sports leagues are certainly laudable. However, new regulations at the professional level cannot protect amateur players, especially young people. Fatal cases of CTE have been reported in victims as young as 21. With appropriate equipment and form, tackling need not be dangerous. Proper tackling form-using the arms and shoulders to aim for a player's midsection rather than leading with the top of the head-should be taught at an early age. Youth, high school, and college leagues should also adopt safety rules even more stringent than the NFL's.&#10;Question: What is the meaning of the word 'degenerative' used in the second paragraph to describe 'a degenerative brain disorder'?&#10;A)Tending to deteriorate&#10;B)Conservative&#10;C)Modern&#10;D)Psychological

Accepted Answer

The degenerative disorder can cause functions of the brain to deteriorate or stop functioning as normal. This can be understood in the sentence including psychological problems including memory loss and inability to concentrate.
Modern is not the correct term. Although the first sentence in paragraph 2 states that recent studies have suggested people who suffer concussions can develop the degenerative brain disorder, the word 'degenerative' in itself does not mean modern.
Although the disorder has psychological impacts, the word 'degenerative' does not share a meaning with the word 'psychological'.
The passage does not state that a degenerative brain disorder has conservative, understated, effects. If anything, the passage alludes to the severity of the problems associated with the degenerative brain disorder.

Question 7

Concussions&#10;Concussions are brain injuries that occur when a person receives a blow to the head, face, or neck. Although most people who suffer a concussion experience initial bouts of dizziness, nausea, and drowsiness, these symptoms often disappear after a few days. The long-term effects of concussions, however, are less understood and far more severe.&#10;Recent studies suggest that people who suffer multiple concussions are at significant risk for developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain disorder that causes a variety of dangerous mental and emotional problems to arise weeks, months, or even years after the initial injury. These psychological problems can include depression, anxiety, memory loss, inability to concentrate, and aggression. In extreme cases, people suffering from CTE have even committed suicide or homicide. The majority of people who develop these issues are athletes who participate in popular high-impact sports, especially football.&#10;Improvements in diagnostic technology have provided substantial evidence to link severe-and often fatal-psychological disorders to the head injuries players receive while on the field. Recent autopsies performed on the brains of football players who have committed suicide have shown advanced cases of CTE in every single victim.&#10;In response to the growing understanding of this danger, the National Football League (NFL) has revised its safety regulations. There is hope that these new regulations, coupled with advances in helmet design, will reduce the number of concussions player endure, and thus curb the number of CTE cases. Efforts by the NFL and other professional sports leagues are certainly laudable. However, new regulations at the professional level cannot protect amateur players, especially young people. Fatal cases of CTE have been reported in victims as young as 21. With appropriate equipment and form, tackling need not be dangerous. Proper tackling form-using the arms and shoulders to aim for a player's midsection rather than leading with the top of the head-should be taught at an early age. Youth, high school, and college leagues should also adopt safety rules even more stringent than the NFL's.&#10;Question: According to the text, what can be inferred in a case involving an athlete with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)?&#10;A)There is a small chance for recovery.&#10;B)The athlete most likely participated in a high-impact sport.&#10;C)The athlete experienced severe psychological symptoms straight away.&#10;D)It is certain that the athlete is experiencing psychological problems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Concussions&#10;Concussions are brain injuries that occur when...

Question 8

Mercury in Fish&#10;Mercury is a highly toxic metal found in neon signs, fluorescent lights, older thermometers, and certain kinds of telescopes. It can also be found in something that many people eat on a regular basis: fish. The mercury we might find in a can of tuna is most likely an indirect result of the coal industry. Mercury, which is naturally found in coal, is released into the air when coal is burned. It finds its way into waterways via mercury-laced rain.&#10;Mercury accumulates in certain kinds of fish through a process called biomagnification. Biomagnification occurs when a substance enters the food chain in small amounts at the very bottom and then increases in concentration in animals higher up on the food chain. Once a fish eats another creature containing mercury, the mercury does not leave that fish's body but instead is stored in fat. Therefore, the mercury continually accumulates as more mercury-contaminated fish are eaten.&#10;Despite the toxicity of mercury and the widespread nature of fish contamination, there is no need for the public to be overly apprehensive. Many popular fish, such as salmon, catfish, or tilapia, are generally safe to eat. Other fish, especially tuna and grouper, should only be eaten in moderation. Young children and pregnant women should be especially cautious about how many servings of mercury-contaminated fish they have per week. It is recommended that people in these groups not eat more than 2 servings of mercury-contaminated fish per week. Fish with the highest levels of mercury include shark, swordfish, and king mackerel. All people should avoid eating large amounts of these kinds of fish, and no one should eat these fish more frequently than once a month.&#10;Why does the author include the detail regarding the coal industry in the first paragraph?&#10;A)To state an opinion regarding the unethical practices of the coal industry.&#10;B)To introduce the explanation of biomagnification.&#10;C)To explain the direct reasoning behind mercury's presence in waterways.&#10;D)To provide factual information regarding mercury's presence in the air.

Accepted Answer

The author includes information regarding the coal industry to explain why mercury is found in the air. This is later used to explain the indirect correlation of mercury in waterways.
To state an opinion regarding the unethical practices of the coal industry is incorrect.The passage includes factual evidence regarding the coal industry. An opinion regarding the coal industry is not included in the passage.
To explain the direct reasoning behind mercury's presence in waterways is incorrect. The explanation of the coal industry's practices is an indirect reason to explain the presence of mercury in waterways.
To introduce the explanation of biomagnification is incorrect. The explanation of the coal industry provides more of an indirect and direct reasoning behind mercury in the land and water. Its main purpose is not to describe biomagnification.

Question 9

Mercury in Fish&#10;Mercury is a highly toxic metal found in neon signs, fluorescent lights, older thermometers, and certain kinds of telescopes. It can also be found in something that many people eat on a regular basis: fish. The mercury we might find in a can of tuna is most likely an indirect result of the coal industry. Mercury, which is naturally found in coal, is released into the air when coal is burned. It finds its way into waterways via mercury-laced rain.&#10;Mercury accumulates in certain kinds of fish through a process called biomagnification. Biomagnification occurs when a substance enters the food chain in small amounts at the very bottom and then increases in concentration in animals higher up on the food chain. Once a fish eats another creature containing mercury, the mercury does not leave that fish's body, but instead is stored in fat. Therefore, the mercury continually accumulates as more mercury-contaminated fish are eaten.&#10;Despite the toxicity of mercury and the widespread nature of fish contamination, there is no need for the public to be overly apprehensive. Many popular fish, such as salmon, catfish, or tilapia, are generally safe to eat. Other fish, especially tuna and grouper, should only be eaten in moderation. Young children and pregnant women should be especially cautious about how many servings of mercury-contaminated fish they have per week. It is recommended that people in these groups not eat more than 2 servings of mercury-contaminated fish per week. Fish with the highest levels of mercury include shark, swordfish, and king mackerel. All people should avoid eating large amounts of these kinds of fish, and no one should eat these fish more frequently than once a month.&#10;Question: Which supporting detail is an example of a suggestion, rather than factual information?&#10;A)Mercury in fish could be an indirect result of the coal industry.&#10;B)Young children and pregnant women should be wary of mercury-contaminated fish.&#10;C)Despite mercury's toxicity, many popular fish remain safe to eat.&#10;D)As more fish consume mercury-contaminated fish, mercury accumulates.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mercury in Fish&#10;Mercury is a highly toxic...

Question 10

Mercury in Fish&#10;Mercury is a highly toxic metal found in neon signs, fluorescent lights, older thermometers, and certain kinds of telescopes. It can also be found in something that many people eat on a regular basis: fish. The mercury we might find in a can of tuna is most likely an indirect result of the coal industry. Mercury, which is naturally found in coal, is released into the air when coal is burned. It finds its way into waterways via mercury-laced rain.&#10;Mercury accumulates in certain kinds of fish through a process called biomagnification. Biomagnification occurs when a substance enters the food chain in small amounts at the very bottom and then increases in concentration in animals higher up on the food chain. Once a fish eats another creature containing mercury, the mercury does not leave that fish's body, but instead is stored in fat. Therefore, the mercury continually accumulates as more mercury-contaminated fish are eaten.&#10;Despite the toxicity of mercury and the widespread nature of fish contamination, there is no need for the public to be overly apprehensive. Many popular fish, such as salmon, catfish, or tilapia, are generally safe to eat. Other fish, especially tuna and grouper, should only be eaten in moderation. Young children and pregnant women should be especially cautious about how many servings of mercury-contaminated fish they have per week. It is recommended that people in these groups not eat more than 2 servings of mercury-contaminated fish per week. Fish with the highest levels of mercury include shark, swordfish, and king mackerel. All people should avoid eating large amounts of these kinds of fish, and no one should eat these fish more frequently than once a month.&#10;Question: Which detail is included regarding safety when eating fish?&#10;A)It is recommended that elderly groups and pregnant women limit their weekly intake of mercury-contaminated fish.&#10;B)It is in the public's best interest to limit intake of mercury-contaminated fish.&#10;C)It is best if young children avoid mercury-contaminated fish.&#10;D)Intake of fish with the highest levels of mercury should be limited.

Accepted Answer

The end of the last paragraph suggests that fish with the highest levels of mercury should not be eaten more than once a month.
It is best if young children avoid mercury-contaminated fish. The passage suggests that young children should be cautious and eat no more than 2 servings of mercury-contaminated fish per week.
It is in the public's best interest to limit intake of mercury-contaminated fish. This option is very vague and contradicts information provided in the passage, which states that many popular fish are safe to eat.
It is recommended that elderly groups and pregnant women limit their weekly intake of mercury-contaminated fish. While the last paragraph states that pregnant women should limit their intake of mercury-contaminated fish, it makes no mention of elderly groups.

Question 11

Mercury in Fish&#10;Mercury is a highly toxic metal found in neon signs, fluorescent lights, older thermometers, and certain kinds of telescopes. It can also be found in something that many people eat on a regular basis: fish. The mercury we might find in a can of tuna is most likely an indirect result of the coal industry. Mercury, which is naturally found in coal, is released into the air when coal is burned. It finds its way into waterways via mercury-laced rain.&#10;Mercury accumulates in certain kinds of fish through a process called biomagnification. Biomagnification occurs when a substance enters the food chain in small amounts at the very bottom and then increases in concentration in animals higher up on the food chain. Once a fish eats another creature containing mercury, the mercury does not leave that fish's body but instead is stored in fat. Therefore, the mercury continually accumulates as more mercury-contaminated fish are eaten.&#10;Despite the toxicity of mercury and the widespread nature of fish contamination, there is no need for the public to be overly apprehensive. Many popular fish, such as salmon, catfish, or tilapia, are generally safe to eat. Other fish, especially tuna and grouper, should only be eaten in moderation. Young children and pregnant women should be especially cautious about how many servings of mercury-contaminated fish they have per week. It is recommended that people in these groups not eat more than 2 servings of mercury-contaminated fish per week. Fish with the highest levels of mercury include shark, swordfish, and king mackerel. All people should avoid eating large amounts of these kinds of fish, and no one should eat these fish more frequently than once a month.&#10;Question: What can be inferred about a salmon that has eaten another mercury-contaminated fish?&#10;A)The mercury-contaminated fish was at the bottom of the food chain.&#10;B)Mercury is stored in the salmon's fat supply.&#10;C)The salmon will reach a point of becoming used to the accumulated mercury in its system.&#10;D)Neither fish is safe for human consumption.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mercury in Fish&#10;Mercury is a highly toxic...

Question 12

Mercury in Fish&#10;Mercury is a highly toxic metal found in neon signs, fluorescent lights, older thermometers, and certain kinds of telescopes. It can also be found in something that many people eat on a regular basis: fish. The mercury we might find in a can of tuna is most likely an indirect result of the coal industry. Mercury, which is naturally found in coal, is released into the air when coal is burned. It finds its way into waterways via mercury-laced rain.&#10;Mercury accumulates in certain kinds of fish through a process called biomagnification. Biomagnification occurs when a substance enters the food chain in small amounts at the very bottom and then increases in concentration in animals higher up on the food chain. Once a fish eats another creature containing mercury, the mercury does not leave that fish's body, but instead is stored in fat. Therefore, the mercury continually accumulates as more mercury-contaminated fish are eaten.&#10;Despite the toxicity of mercury and the widespread nature of fish contamination, there is no need for the public to be overly apprehensive. Many popular fish, such as salmon, catfish, or tilapia, are generally safe to eat. Other fish, especially tuna and grouper, should only be eaten in moderation. Young children and pregnant women should be especially cautious about how many servings of mercury-contaminated fish they have per week. It is recommended that people in these groups not eat more than 2 servings of mercury-contaminated fish per week. Fish with the highest levels of mercury include shark, swordfish, and king mackerel. All people should avoid eating large amounts of these kinds of fish, and no one should eat these fish more frequently than once a month.&#10;Question: What is the meaning of the word 'accumulates'&#160;in the first sentence in the second paragraph?&#10;A)To provide an increasing amount&#10;B)To acquire an increasing quantity&#10;C)To result in a smaller quantity&#10;D)To dissipate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mercury in Fish&#10;Mercury is a highly toxic...

Question 13

Mercury in Fish&#10;Mercury is a highly toxic metal found in neon signs, fluorescent lights, older thermometers, and certain kinds of telescopes. It can also be found in something that many people eat on a regular basis: fish. The mercury we might find in a can of tuna is most likely an indirect result of the coal industry. Mercury, which is naturally found in coal, is released into the air when coal is burned. It finds its way into waterways via mercury-laced rain.&#10;Mercury accumulates in certain kinds of fish through a process called biomagnification. Biomagnification occurs when a substance enters the food chain in small amounts at the very bottom and then increases in concentration in animals higher up on the food chain. Once a fish eats another creature containing mercury, the mercury does not leave that fish's body but instead is stored in fat. Therefore, the mercury continually accumulates as more mercury-contaminated fish are eaten.&#10;Despite the toxicity of mercury and the widespread nature of fish contamination, there is no need for the public to be overly apprehensive. Many popular fish, such as salmon, catfish, or tilapia, are generally safe to eat. Other fish, especially tuna and grouper, should only be eaten in moderation. Young children and pregnant women should be especially cautious about how many servings of mercury-contaminated fish they have per week. It is recommended that people in these groups not eat more than 2 servings of mercury-contaminated fish per week. Fish with the highest levels of mercury include shark, swordfish, and king mackerel. All people should avoid eating large amounts of these kinds of fish, and no one should eat these fish more frequently than once a month.&#10;What is the purpose of the passage?&#10;A)To inform the reader of the process in which mercury accumulates in fish and provide information regarding consumption.&#10;B)To alert at-risk groups to limit their consumption of fish with the highest levels of mercury.&#10;C)To persuade people to re-evaluate the consumption of mercury-contaminated fish.&#10;D)To urge the reader to make a difference when it comes to environmental issues in the ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

The passage describes the process of how mercury is released into the air and then transferred to water via rain. Then, it explains how the presence of the mercury in water leads to the build up of mercury in fish. Finally, it provides additional information about what types of fish and how much would be recommended for certain people to eat.
The passage does not seek to persuade people to re-evaluate the consumption of mercury-contaminated fish but does provide information regarding the recommended amount (servings) for various population groups.
The passage does not blatantly urge the reader to have an opinion on environmental issues but does include information regarding coal's effects on mercury-laced rain and air.
To alert at-risk groups to limit their consumption of fish with the highest levels of mercury is incorrect. The primary purpose of the passage does not involve persuading certain groups to change their eating habits.

Question 14

Trans fats&#10;Trans fats are unsaturated fats found in many processed foods. Though their prevalence makes them a part of many people's diet, excessive consumption of trans fats can lead to a variety of serious health problems.&#10;Certain trans fats are found naturally in some animal products, such as beef and milk. However, the main source of trans fats for many people is processed foods. Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are trans fats that are often found in shortening, packaged baked goods, and fried foods. Restaurants and food manufacturers often choose to use partially hydrogenated oils because they are less expensive, have longer shelf lives, and require less refrigeration than non-hydrogenated oils.&#10;Although trans fats may be less expensive for food manufacturers to use, and thus cheaper for consumers to purchase, excessive intake of these substances can cause significant health risks. Like saturated fat, trans fat raises the level of LDL (&#34;bad&#34;) cholesterol in the body. Unlike saturated fat, however, trans fat also lowers the amount of HDL (&#34;good&#34;) cholesterol in the body. Therefore, trans fat has a far more negative overall effect on cholesterol levels in the human body than saturated fat. Studies have also linked the consumption of trans fats to increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, liver dysfunction, depression, and memory disorders.&#10;What is the correct meaning of the word 'prevalence'&#160;in the first paragraph?&#10;A)Widespread presence&#10;B)Consumption&#10;C)Attraction&#10;D)Importance

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trans fats&#10;Trans fats are unsaturated fats found...

Question 15

Trans fats&#10;Trans fats are unsaturated fats found in many processed foods. Though their prevalence makes them a part of many people's diet, excessive consumption of trans fats can lead to a variety of serious health problems.&#10;Certain trans fats are found naturally in some animal products, such as beef and milk. However, the main source of trans fats for many people is processed foods. Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are trans fats that are often found in shortening, packaged baked goods, and fried foods. Restaurants and food manufacturers often choose to use partially hydrogenated oils because they are less expensive, have longer shelf lives, and require less refrigeration than non-hydrogenated oils.&#10;Although trans fats may be less expensive for food manufacturers to use, and thus cheaper for consumers to purchase, excessive intake of these substances can cause significant health risks. Like saturated fat, trans fat raises the level of LDL (&#34;bad&#34;) cholesterol in the body. Unlike saturated fat, however, trans fat also lowers the amount of HDL (&#34;good&#34;) cholesterol in the body. Therefore, trans fat has a far more negative overall effect on cholesterol levels in the human body than saturated fat. Studies have also linked the consumption of trans fats to increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, liver dysfunction, depression, and memory disorders.&#10;According to the text, which is true regarding the relationship between saturated fat and trans fat?&#10;A)They both raise the level of LDL cholesterol, while saturated fat lowers the amount of good cholesterol.&#10;B)Trans fat and saturated fat raise the &#34;bad&#34; cholesterol, while trans fat lowers the amount of HDL cholesterol in the body.&#10;C)They both raise the amount of HDL cholesterol and have an equally negative overall effect.&#10;D)Saturated fat has a more negative effect on cholesterol levels.

Accepted Answer

In paragraph 3, both saturated and trans fats are described as raising 'bad' cholesterol (LDL). Additionally, trans fat decreases the amount of 'good cholesterol' (HDL) in the body. Therefore, this option is correct.
They both raise the level of LDL cholesterol, while saturated fat lowers the amount of good cholesterol is incorrect. While both saturated and trans fats raise the level of LDL ('bad') cholesterol, saturated fat is not stated as lowering the amount of HDL ('good') cholesterol. Therefore, the sentence is incorrect.
They both raise the amount of HDL cholesterol and have an equally negative overall effect is incorrect. Saturated fat and trans fats do not both raise the amount of HDL ('good') cholesterol; trans fat lowers it. Additionally, saturated fat and trans fats do not have an equally negative overall effect, since trans fat is described in the passage as having a more negative effect.
Saturated fat has a more negative effect on cholesterol levels is incorrect. The text does not state that saturated fat has a more negative effect on cholesterol levels. Rather, it states that trans fat has a far more negative overall effect.

Question 16

Trans fats&#10;Trans fats are unsaturated fats found in many processed foods. Though their prevalence makes them a part of many people's diet, excessive consumption of trans fats can lead to a variety of serious health problems.&#10;Certain trans fats are found naturally in some animal products, such as beef and milk. However, the main source of trans fats for many people is processed foods. Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are trans fats that are often found in shortening, packaged baked goods, and fried foods. Restaurants and food manufacturers often choose to use partially hydrogenated oils because they are less expensive, have longer shelf lives, and require less refrigeration than non-hydrogenated oils.&#10;Although trans fats may be less expensive for food manufacturers to use, and thus cheaper for consumers to purchase, excessive intake of these substances can cause significant health risks. Like saturated fat, trans fat raises the level of LDL (&#34;bad&#34;) cholesterol in the body. Unlike saturated fat, however, trans fat also lowers the amount of HDL (&#34;good&#34;) cholesterol in the body. Therefore, trans fat has a far more negative overall effect on cholesterol levels in the human body than saturated fat. Studies have also linked the consumption of trans fats to increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, liver dysfunction, depression, and memory disorders.&#10;Which detail is not included as a reason why restaurants use partially hydrogenated oils?&#10;A)They have a cheaper cost than alternatives.&#10;B)They last longer.&#10;C)They are easy to cook with.&#10;D)Preserving them is not complicated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trans fats&#10;Trans fats are unsaturated fats found...

Question 17

Trans fats&#10;Trans fats are unsaturated fats found in many processed foods. Though their prevalence makes them a part of many people's diet, excessive consumption of trans fats can lead to a variety of serious health problems.&#10;Certain trans fats are found naturally in some animal products, such as beef and milk. However, the main source of trans fats for many people is processed foods. Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are trans fats that are often found in shortening, packaged baked goods, and fried foods. Restaurants and food manufacturers often choose to use partially hydrogenated oils because they are less expensive, have longer shelf lives, and require less refrigeration than non-hydrogenated oils.&#10;Although trans fats may be less expensive for food manufacturers to use, and thus cheaper for consumers to purchase, excessive intake of these substances can cause significant health risks. Like saturated fat, trans fat raises the level of LDL (&#34;bad&#34;) cholesterol in the body. Unlike saturated fat, however, trans fat also lowers the amount of HDL (&#34;good&#34;) cholesterol in the body. Therefore, trans fat has a far more negative overall effect on cholesterol levels in the human body than saturated fat. Studies have also linked consumption of trans fats to increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, liver dysfunction, depression, and memory disorders.&#10;Why would the author include the detail regarding the use of partially hydrogenated oils in the restaurant setting at the end of paragraph 2?&#10;A)To contradict the statement that trans fats are found naturally in beef and milk.&#10;B)To provide an example of where trans fats are naturally found.&#10;C)To provide a supporting detail regarding the prevalence of partially hydrogenated oils.&#10;D)To link the information to the last sentence of the passage regarding research studies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trans fats&#10;Trans fats are unsaturated fats found...

Question 18

Trans fats&#10;Trans fats are unsaturated fats found in many processed foods. Though their prevalence makes them a part of many people's diet, excessive consumption of trans fats can lead to a variety of serious health problems.&#10;Certain trans fats are found naturally in some animal products, such as beef and milk. However, the main source of trans fats for many people is processed foods. Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are trans fats that are often found in shortening, packaged baked goods, and fried foods. Restaurants and food manufacturers often choose to use partially hydrogenated oils because they are less expensive, have longer shelf lives, and require less refrigeration than non-hydrogenated oils.&#10;Although trans fats may be less expensive for food manufacturers to use, and thus cheaper for consumers to purchase, excessive intake of these substances can cause significant health risks. Like saturated fat, trans fat raises the level of LDL (&#34;bad&#34;) cholesterol in the body. Unlike saturated fat, however, trans fat also lowers the amount of HDL (&#34;good&#34;) cholesterol in the body. Therefore, trans fat has a far more negative overall effect on cholesterol levels in the human body than saturated fat. Studies have also linked consumption of trans fats to increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, liver dysfunction, depression, and memory disorders.&#10;Which is the best summary for the passage?&#10;A)It is important for food manufacturers to use fewer trans fats in their business practices.&#10;B)It is important to increase saturated fats while decreasing trans fats in our diets.&#10;C)Both trans fats and saturated fats play important roles in our diets.&#10;D)Trans fats are prevalent in many people's diets and have negative effects on cholesterol levels and health, in general.

Accepted Answer

The passage opens with the prevalence of trans fats and further discusses the negative effects regarding cholesterol levels and health, closing with studies that have linked consumption of trans fats to various diseases.
Both trans fats and saturated fats play important roles in our diets is incorrect. Although the passage references that both of these fats affect our diets, this is not an all-inclusive summary and leaves out the negative impacts discussed.
It is important to increase saturated fats while decreasing trans fats in our diets is incorrect. The importance of increasing saturated fats is not blatantly discussed, and would not be an effective summary for the text.
It is important for food manufacturers to use fewer trans fats in their business practices is incorrect. The passage does not provide an opinion regarding food manufacturers use of trans fats. Additionally, the inclusion of this information was a supporting detail rather than a summary.

Question 19

Your Bones&#10;At birth, the human body contains over 270 bones. However, as the body grows, some of these bones fuse together. The average adult body contains 206 bones. Together, these bones form the skeleton. The skeleton has many vital functions, including protecting internal organs, providing support, enabling movement, generating blood cells, storing calcium, and helping to regulate the endocrine system.&#10;Although we only have one skeleton, it is divided into two major regions: the axial and the appendicular skeletons. The former refers to everything on the body's middle axis, such as the skull, sternum, and vertebrae, while the latter refers to the bones that make up the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle. These bones include the femur, the tibia, the ulna, and the radius.&#10;Bones are further classified according to their shape and function. The five classifications of bones are: long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones. Long bones include the fibula and tibia. The carpal bones in the wrist are examples of short bones. Flat bones are thin and curved and include the ribs, the sternum, and some skull bones. Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae and some facial bones, have complex shapes. Finally, sesamoid bones are small, round bones that form in tendons. There are sesamoid bones in the hands, wrists, and feet, but the most familiar sesamoid bone is the patella, or kneecap.&#10;Question: Which word would best replace 'regulate' at the end of the first paragraph?&#10;A)Replace&#10;B)Supervise&#10;C)Maintain&#10;D)Adjust

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your Bones&#10;At birth, the human body contains...

Question 20

Your Bones&#10;At birth, the human body contains over 270 bones. However, as the body grows, some of these bones fuse together. The average adult body contains 206 bones. Together, these bones form the skeleton. The skeleton has many vital functions, including protecting internal organs, providing support, enabling movement, generating blood cells, storing calcium, and helping to regulate the endocrine system.&#10;Although we only have one skeleton, it is divided into two major regions: the axial and the appendicular skeletons. The former refers to everything on the body's middle axis, such as the skull, sternum, and vertebrae, while the latter refers to the bones that make up the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle. These bones include the femur, the tibia, the ulna, and the radius.&#10;Bones are further classified according to their shape and function. The five classifications of bones are: long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones. Long bones include the fibula and tibia. The carpal bones in the wrist are examples of short bones. Flat bones are thin and curved, and include the ribs, the sternum, and some skull bones. Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae and some facial bones, have complex shapes. Finally, sesamoid bones are small, round bones that form in tendons. There are sesamoid bones in the hands, wrists, and feet, but the most familiar sesamoid bone is the patella, or kneecap.&#10;Question: Based on the description in the passage, which bone(s) is/are considered to have a complicated structure?&#10;A)The vertebrae&#10;B)Some skull bones&#10;C)The fibula&#10;D)The patella

Accepted Answer

The vertebrae are classified as an irregular bone, which has a complex shape. 'Complex shape' is another way to say 'complicated structure', making this the correct answer.
Some skull bones are classified as flat bones, which are described as thin and curved.
The fibula is classified as a long bone, which is not described as having a complicated structure.
The patella, or kneecap, is a sesamoid bone that is small and round, forming in tendons.

Question 21

Your Bones&#10;At birth, the human body contains over 270 bones. However, as the body grows, some of these bones fuse together. The average adult body contains 206 bones. Together, these bones form the skeleton. The skeleton has many vital functions, including protecting internal organs, providing support, enabling movement, generating blood cells, storing calcium, and helping to regulate the endocrine system.&#10;Although we only have one skeleton, it is divided into two major regions: the axial and the appendicular skeletons. The former refers to everything on the body's middle axis, such as the skull, sternum, and vertebrae, while the latter refers to the bones that make up the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle. These bones include the femur, the tibia, the ulna, and the radius.&#10;Bones are further classified according to their shape and function. The five classifications of bones are: long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones. Long bones include the fibula and tibia. The carpal bones in the wrist are examples of short bones. Flat bones are thin and curved, and include the ribs, the sternum, and some skull bones. Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae and some facial bones, have complex shapes. Finally, sesamoid bones are small, round bones that form in tendons. There are sesamoid bones in the hands, wrists, and feet, but the most familiar sesamoid bone is the patella, or kneecap.&#10;Question: Which of these is NOT a function of the skeleton?&#10;A)Creating blood cells&#10;B)Helping to regulate digestion&#10;C)Allowing physical activity&#10;D)Protecting organs

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your Bones&#10;At birth, the human body contains...

Question 22

Your Bones&#10;At birth, the human body contains over 270 bones. However, as the body grows, some of these bones fuse together. The average adult body contains 206 bones. Together, these bones form the skeleton. The skeleton has many vital functions, including protecting internal organs, providing support, enabling movement, generating blood cells, storing calcium, and helping to regulate the endocrine system.&#10;Although we only have one skeleton, it is divided into two major regions: the axial and the appendicular skeletons. The former refers to everything on the body's middle axis, such as the skull, sternum, and vertebrae, while the latter refers to the bones that make up the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle. These bones include the femur, the tibia, the ulna, and the radius.&#10;Bones are further classified according to their shape and function. The five classifications of bones are: long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones. Long bones include the fibula and tibia. The carpal bones in the wrist are examples of short bones. Flat bones are thin and curved, and include the ribs, the sternum, and some skull bones. Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae and some facial bones, have complex shapes. Finally, sesamoid bones are small, round bones that form in tendons. There are sesamoid bones in the hands, wrists, and feet, but the most familiar sesamoid bone is the patella, or kneecap.&#10;Question: Based on information in the text, what is the best way to describe the bones found in the wrist and feet?&#10;A)Large and round with a complicated shape&#10;B)Tiny and round&#10;C)Long and located in tendons&#10;D)Short and round

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your Bones&#10;At birth, the human body contains...

Question 23

Your Bones&#10;At birth, the human body contains over 270 bones. However, as the body grows, some of these bones fuse together. The average adult body contains 206 bones. Together, these bones form the skeleton. The skeleton has many vital functions, including protecting internal organs, providing support, enabling movement, generating blood cells, storing calcium, and helping to regulate the endocrine system.&#10;Although we only have one skeleton, it is divided into two major regions: the axial and the appendicular skeletons. The former refers to everything on the body's middle axis, such as the skull, sternum, and vertebrae, while the latter refers to the bones that make up the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle. These bones include the femur, the tibia, the ulna, and the radius.&#10;Bones are further classified according to their shape and function. The five classifications of bones are: long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones. Long bones include the fibula and tibia. The carpal bones in the wrist are examples of short bones. Flat bones are thin and curved, and include the ribs, the sternum, and some skull bones. Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae and some facial bones, have complex shapes. Finally, sesamoid bones are small, round bones that form in tendons. There are sesamoid bones in the hands, wrists, and feet, but the most familiar sesamoid bone is the patella, or kneecap.&#10;Question: What is the meaning of the phrase 'fuse together' in the sentence 'some of these bones fuse together'&#160;in the first paragraph?&#10;A)To bond&#10;B)To separate&#10;C)To create&#10;D)To join as one

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your Bones&#10;At birth, the human body contains...

Question 24

Your Bones&#10;At birth, the human body contains over 270 bones. However, as the body grows, some of these bones fuse together. The average adult body contains 206 bones. Together, these bones form the skeleton. The skeleton has many vital functions, including protecting internal organs, providing support, enabling movement, generating blood cells, storing calcium, and helping to regulate the endocrine system.&#10;Although we only have one skeleton, it is divided into two major regions: the axial and the appendicular skeletons. The former refers to everything on the body's middle axis, such as the skull, sternum, and vertebrae, while the latter refers to the bones that make up the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle. These bones include the femur, the tibia, the ulna, and the radius.&#10;Bones are further classified according to their shape and function. The five classifications of bones are: long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones. Long bones include the fibula and tibia. The carpal bones in the wrist are examples of short bones. Flat bones are thin and curved and include the ribs, the sternum, and some skull bones. Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae and some facial bones, have complex shapes. Finally, sesamoid bones are small, round bones that form in tendons. There are sesamoid bones in the hands, wrists, and feet, but the most familiar sesamoid bone is the patella, or kneecap.&#10;Question: According to the text, which body part is described as having bones belonging to two of the five classifications?&#10;A)The knee&#10;B)The shoulder&#10;C)The skull&#10;D)The wrist

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your Bones&#10;At birth, the human body contains...

Question 25

Your Bones&#10;At birth, the human body contains over 270 bones. However, as the body grows, some of these bones fuse together. The average adult body contains 206 bones. Together, these bones form the skeleton. The skeleton has many vital functions, including protecting internal organs, providing support, enabling movement, generating blood cells, storing calcium, and helping to regulate the endocrine system.&#10;Although we only have one skeleton, it is divided into two major regions: the axial and the appendicular skeletons. The former refers to everything on the body's middle axis, such as the skull, sternum, and vertebrae, while the latter refers to the bones that make up the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle. These bones include the femur, the tibia, the ulna, and the radius.&#10;Bones are further classified according to their shape and function. The five classifications of bones are: long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones. Long bones include the fibula and tibia. The carpal bones in the wrist are examples of short bones. Flat bones are thin and curved, and include the ribs, the sternum, and some skull bones. Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae and some facial bones, have complex shapes. Finally, sesamoid bones are small, round bones that form in tendons. There are sesamoid bones in the hands, wrists, and feet, but the most familiar sesamoid bone is the patella, or kneecap.&#10;Question: According to the text, what is true regarding irregular bones?&#10;A)They have intricate structures.&#10;B)They are similar to sesamoid bones.&#10;C)They include carpal bones.&#10;D)They are not part of the five classifications of bones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your Bones&#10;At birth, the human body contains...

Question 26

Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body loses electrolytes and water. The most important electrolytes are potassium and sodium-these substances keep your body's cells working properly. Commercials for sports drinks claim that their products will replenish the electrolytes lost during exercise. However, sports drinks are not really necessary for most people. Eating a normal diet that contains healthy amounts of sodium and potassium will maintain the electrolyte balance in your body. Unless you are exercising very intensely for more than 60 minutes, you do not need to use a sports drink to replace lost electrolytes.&#10;Most people believe that sports drinks are healthy beverages-after all, if athletes drink them, they must be good for you. On the contrary, sports drinks are filled with artificial ingredients and sugar. One 20-ounce bottle of an average sports drink contains 34 grams of sugar and 130 calories. These empty calories can actually cause you to gain weight instead of helping to keep you fit. One study presented at the 2012 Obesity Society's annual scientific meeting revealed that teenagers gained an average of 3.5 pounds every two years just by consuming a bottle of sports drink every day.&#10;The best beverage for you to drink before, during, or after a workout is water. Water has no sugar, no salt, no calories, and no artificial flavors or colors. Water will rehydrate your body and quench your thirst better than any other drink. Unless you are a serious athlete who regularly exercises for more than 60 minutes at a time, sports drinks ultimately do more harm than good.&#10;Question: What is the author's general opinion regarding sports drinks?&#10;A)Athletes and the media promote an unhealthy ideal regarding sports drinks.&#10;B)Sports drinks are among the worst options for replacing electrolytes.&#10;C)For most people, sports drinks may do more harm than good and are not always necessary.&#10;D)Sports drinks are a leading cause of obesity and contain too much sugar.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body...

Question 27

Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body loses electrolytes and water. The most important electrolytes are potassium and sodium-these substances keep your body's cells working properly. Commercials for sports drinks claim that their products will replenish the electrolytes lost during exercise. However, sports drinks are not really necessary for most people. Eating a normal diet that contains healthy amounts of sodium and potassium will maintain the electrolyte balance in your body. Unless you are exercising very intensely for more than 60 minutes, you do not need to use a sports drink to replace lost electrolytes.&#10;Most people believe that sports drinks are healthy beverages-after all, if athletes drink them, they must be good for you. On the contrary, sports drinks are filled with artificial ingredients and sugar. One 20-ounce bottle of an average sports drink contains 34 grams of sugar and 130 calories. These empty calories can actually cause you to gain weight instead of helping to keep you fit. One study presented at the 2012 Obesity Society's annual scientific meeting revealed that teenagers gained an average of 3.5 pounds every two years just by consuming a bottle of sports drink every day.&#10;The best beverage for you to drink before, during, or after a workout is water. Water has no sugar, no salt, no calories, and no artificial flavors or colors. Water will rehydrate your body and quench your thirst better than any other drink. Unless you are a serious athlete who regularly exercises for more than 60 minutes at a time, sports drinks ultimately do more harm than good.&#10;Question: Which piece of information is a result of the 2012 Obesity Society's annual scientific meeting?&#10;A)On average, sports drinks contain 34 grams of sugar.&#10;B)The amount of sugar in sports drinks has increased in the past two years.&#10;C)Teenagers who consumed sports drinks daily experienced weight gain.&#10;D)Teenagers are gaining weight exponentially due to a lack of physical education.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body...

Question 28

Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body loses electrolytes and water. The most important electrolytes are potassium and sodium-these substances keep your body's cells working properly. Commercials for sports drinks claim that their products will replenish the electrolytes lost during exercise. However, sports drinks are not really necessary for most people. Eating a normal diet that contains healthy amounts of sodium and potassium will maintain the electrolyte balance in your body. Unless you are exercising very intensely for more than 60 minutes, you do not need to use a sports drink to replace lost electrolytes.&#10;Most people believe that sports drinks are healthy beverages-after all, if athletes drink them, they must be good for you. On the contrary, sports drinks are filled with artificial ingredients and sugar. One 20-ounce bottle of an average sports drink contains 34 grams of sugar and 130 calories. These empty calories can actually cause you to gain weight instead of helping to keep you fit. One study presented at the 2012 Obesity Society's annual scientific meeting revealed that teenagers gained an average of 3.5 pounds every two years just by consuming a bottle of sports drink every day.&#10;The best beverage for you to drink before, during, or after a workout is water. Water has no sugar, no salt, no calories, and no artificial flavors or colors. Water will rehydrate your body and quench your thirst better than any other drink. Unless you are a serious athlete who regularly exercises for more than 60 minutes at a time, sports drinks ultimately do more harm than good.&#10;Question: Which word or phrase would best replace 'quench'&#160;in the third paragraph?&#10;A)Diminish&#10;B)Take the edge off&#10;C)Satisfy&#10;D)Extinguish

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body...

Question 29

Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body loses electrolytes and water. The most important electrolytes are potassium and sodium-these substances keep your body's cells working properly. Commercials for sports drinks claim that their products will replenish the electrolytes lost during exercise. However, sports drinks are not really necessary for most people. Eating a normal diet that contains healthy amounts of sodium and potassium will maintain the electrolyte balance in your body. Unless you are exercising very intensely for more than 60 minutes, you do not need to use a sports drink to replace lost electrolytes.&#10;Most people believe that sports drinks are healthy beverages-after all, if athletes drink them, they must be good for you. On the contrary, sports drinks are filled with artificial ingredients and sugar. One 20-ounce bottle of an average sports drink contains 34 grams of sugar and 130 calories. These empty calories can actually cause you to gain weight instead of helping to keep you fit. One study presented at the 2012 Obesity Society's annual scientific meeting revealed that teenagers gained an average of 3.5 pounds every two years just by consuming a bottle of sports drink every day.&#10;The best beverage for you to drink before, during, or after a workout is water. Water has no sugar, no salt, no calories, and no artificial flavors or colors. Water will rehydrate your body and quench your thirst better than any other drink. Unless you are a serious athlete who regularly exercises for more than 60 minutes at a time, sports drinks ultimately do more harm than good.&#10;Question: According to the passage, what could be a negative effect of drinking sports drinks?&#10;A)Consuming empty calories&#10;B)Loss of potassium and sodium&#10;C)Replenishing electrolytes&#10;D)Dehydration

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body...

Question 30

Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body loses electrolytes and water. The most important electrolytes are potassium and sodium-these substances keep your body's cells working properly. Commercials for sports drinks claim that their products will replenish the electrolytes lost during exercise. However, sports drinks are not really necessary for most people. Eating a normal diet that contains healthy amounts of sodium and potassium will maintain the electrolyte balance in your body. Unless you are exercising very intensely for more than 60 minutes, you do not need to use a sports drink to replace lost electrolytes.&#10;Most people believe that sports drinks are healthy beverages-after all, if athletes drink them, they must be good for you. On the contrary, sports drinks are filled with artificial ingredients and sugar. One 20-ounce bottle of an average sports drink contains 34 grams of sugar and 130 calories. These empty calories can actually cause you to gain weight instead of helping to keep you fit. One study presented at the 2012 Obesity Society's annual scientific meeting revealed that teenagers gained an average of 3.5 pounds every two years just by consuming a bottle of sports drink every day.&#10;The best beverage for you to drink before, during, or after a workout is water. Water has no sugar, no salt, no calories, and no artificial flavors or colors. Water will rehydrate your body and quench your thirst better than any other drink. Unless you are a serious athlete who regularly exercises for more than 60 minutes at a time, sports drinks ultimately do more harm than good.&#10;Question: Which of the following is&#160;a way to maintain the electrolyte balance in one's body?&#10;A)Maintaining a healthy diet&#10;B)Including large amounts of sodium in a diet&#10;C)Drinking enough water&#10;D)Exercising more often

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body...

Question 31

Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body loses electrolytes and water. The most important electrolytes are potassium and sodium-these substances keep your body's cells working properly. Commercials for sports drinks claim that their products will replenish the electrolytes lost during exercise. However, sports drinks are not really necessary for most people. Eating a normal diet that contains healthy amounts of sodium and potassium will maintain the electrolyte balance in your body. Unless you are exercising very intensely for more than 60 minutes, you do not need to use a sports drink to replace lost electrolytes.&#10;Most people believe that sports drinks are healthy beverages-after all, if athletes drink them, they must be good for you. On the contrary, sports drinks are filled with artificial ingredients and sugar. One 20-ounce bottle of an average sports drink contains 34 grams of sugar and 130 calories. These empty calories can actually cause you to gain weight instead of helping to keep you fit. One study presented at the 2012 Obesity Society's annual scientific meeting revealed that teenagers gained an average of 3.5 pounds every two years just by consuming a bottle of sports drink every day.&#10;The best beverage for you to drink before, during, or after a workout is water. Water has no sugar, no salt, no calories, and no artificial flavors or colors. Water will rehydrate your body and quench your thirst better than any other drink. Unless you are a serious athlete who regularly exercises for more than 60 minutes at a time, sports drinks ultimately do more harm than good.&#10;Question: What does the author suggest as a reason why most people believe that sports drinks are healthy?&#10;A)The packaging and labels do not accurately convey the ingredients.&#10;B)Publicity for sports drinks are blatantly untrue.&#10;C)They have become an integral part of sports culture.&#10;D)It is a common belief that athletes are consumers of sports drinks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body...

Question 32

Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body loses electrolytes and water. The most important electrolytes are potassium and sodium-these substances keep your body's cells working properly. Commercials for sports drinks claim that their products will replenish the electrolytes lost during exercise. However, sports drinks are not really necessary for most people. Eating a normal diet that contains healthy amounts of sodium and potassium will maintain the electrolyte balance in your body. Unless you are exercising very intensely for more than 60 minutes, you do not need to use a sports drink to replace lost electrolytes.&#10;Most people believe that sports drinks are healthy beverages-after all, if athletes drink them, they must be good for you. On the contrary, sports drinks are filled with artificial ingredients and sugar. One 20-ounce bottle of an average sports drink contains 34 grams of sugar and 130 calories. These empty calories can actually cause you to gain weight instead of helping to keep you fit. One study presented at the 2012 Obesity Society's annual scientific meeting revealed that teenagers gained an average of 3.5 pounds every two years just by consuming a bottle of sports drink every day.&#10;The best beverage for you to drink before, during, or after a workout is water. Water has no sugar, no salt, no calories, and no artificial flavors or colors. Water will rehydrate your body and quench your thirst better than any other drink. Unless you are a serious athlete who regularly exercises for more than 60 minutes at a time, sports drinks ultimately do more harm than good.&#10;Question: What is the main purpose of the passage?&#10;A)To explain the negative effects of sports drinks and provide an alternative solution.&#10;B)To explain the scientific reasoning behind sports drinks' negative effects.&#10;C)To inform readers of the ways in which electrolytes can be replenished.&#10;D)To explain the negative reputation of sports drinks since 2012.

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The answer of Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body...

Question 33

Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body loses electrolytes and water. The most important electrolytes are potassium and sodium-these substances keep your body's cells working properly. Commercials for sports drinks claim that their products will replenish the electrolytes lost during exercise. However, sports drinks are not really necessary for most people. Eating a normal diet that contains healthy amounts of sodium and potassium will maintain the electrolyte balance in your body. Unless you are exercising very intensely for more than 60 minutes, you do not need to use a sports drink to replace lost electrolytes.&#10;Most people believe that sports drinks are healthy beverages-after all, if athletes drink them, they must be good for you. On the contrary, sports drinks are filled with artificial ingredients and sugar. One 20-ounce bottle of an average sports drink contains 34 grams of sugar and 130 calories. These empty calories can actually cause you to gain weight instead of helping to keep you fit. One study presented at the 2012 Obesity Society's annual scientific meeting revealed that teenagers gained an average of 3.5 pounds every two years just by consuming a bottle of sports drink every day.&#10;The best beverage for you to drink before, during, or after a workout is water. Water has no sugar, no salt, no calories, and no artificial flavors or colors. Water will rehydrate your body and quench your thirst better than any other drink. Unless you are a serious athlete who regularly exercises for more than 60 minutes at a time, sports drinks ultimately do more harm than good.&#10;Question: According to the author, which of the following groups could possibly benefit from drinking sports drinks?&#10;A)People who are burning enough calories to sustain the added sugar&#10;B)Athletes who exercise for more than an hour at a time&#10;C)Teenagers who play frequent sports&#10;D)People who make an effort to drink enough water.

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The answer of Sports Drinks&#10;When you sweat heavily, your body...

Question 34

Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks. More specifically, Lyme disease is caused by Borrellia bacteria, which are carried by ticks. When ticks infected with this bacteria bite humans, the bacteria can be transmitted into the bloodstream, causing an illness known as Lyme disease.&#10;The symptoms of Lyme disease include fever, headache, fatigue, and joint and muscle pain. One of the most noticeable signs is a rash that looks like a series of red rings radiating out from the bite. This usually appears a week after the tick bite. However, not everyone with Lyme disease gets this rash.&#10;The good news is that Lyme disease can be treated with antibiotics. Most people recover quickly and fully. However, if Lyme disease is not treated properly, patients can suffer from debilitating symptoms weeks, months, and even years after the bite. This condition is known as post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD) or chronic Lyme disease (CLD).&#10;To protect yourself from Lyme disease, always cover your skin with clothing or insect repellent when hiking or camping. If you get bitten by a tick, remove the tick right away; most cases of Lyme disease require the tick to be attached for 36 to 48 hours. If red rings appear, see a doctor right away. Lyme disease can be harmful, but it is preventable and treatable with early intervention.&#10;Question: What is the main idea of the passage?&#10;A)Lyme disease produces various symptoms, but it is preventable and can be treated in its early stages.&#10;B)Lyme disease is characterized by its symptoms, including a distinct rash and fever.&#10;C)Lyme disease can be life-threatening if not treated properly in the early stages.&#10;D)If caught in the early stages, Lyme disease is an easily treatable illness.

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The answer of Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks....

Question 35

Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks. More specifically, Lyme disease is caused by Borrellia bacteria, which are carried by ticks. When ticks infected with this bacteria bite humans, the bacteria can be transmitted into the bloodstream, causing an illness known as Lyme disease.&#10;The symptoms of Lyme disease include fever, headache, fatigue, and joint and muscle pain. One of the most noticeable signs is a rash that looks like a series of red rings radiating out from the bite. This usually appears a week after the tick bite. However, not everyone with Lyme disease gets this rash.&#10;The good news is that Lyme disease can be treated with antibiotics. Most people recover quickly and fully. However, if Lyme disease is not treated properly, patients can suffer from debilitating symptoms weeks, months, and even years after the bite. This condition is known as post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD) or chronic Lyme disease (CLD).&#10;To protect yourself from Lyme disease, always cover your skin with clothing or insect repellent when hiking or camping. If you get bitten by a tick, remove the tick right away; most cases of Lyme disease require the tick to be attached for 36 to 48 hours. If red rings appear, see a doctor right away. Lyme disease can be harmful, but it is preventable and treatable with early intervention.&#10;Question: Which of the following is included in the passage regarding tick bite symptoms?&#10;A)Symptoms can vary from fevers, weakness, and achy joints.&#10;B)A rash containing several red rings will appear a week after a tick bite.&#10;C)Not everyone with Lyme disease will experience symptoms.&#10;D)Symptoms are noticeable in the early stages of the disease.

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The answer of Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks....

Question 36

Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks. More specifically, Lyme disease is caused by Borrellia bacteria, which are carried by ticks. When ticks infected with this bacteria bite humans, the bacteria can be transmitted into the bloodstream, causing an illness known as Lyme disease.&#10;The symptoms of Lyme disease include fever, headache, fatigue, and joint and muscle pain. One of the most noticeable signs is a rash that looks like a series of red rings radiating out from the bite. This usually appears a week after the tick bite. However, not everyone with Lyme disease gets this rash.&#10;The good news is that Lyme disease can be treated with antibiotics. Most people recover quickly and fully. However, if Lyme disease is not treated properly, patients can suffer from debilitating symptoms weeks, months, and even years after the bite. This condition is known as post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD) or chronic Lyme disease (CLD).&#10;To protect yourself from Lyme disease, always cover your skin with clothing or insect repellent when hiking or camping. If you get bitten by a tick, remove the tick right away; most cases of Lyme disease require the tick to be attached for 36 to 48 hours. If red rings appear, see a doctor right away. Lyme disease can be harmful, but it is preventable and treatable with early intervention.&#10;Question: Which of the following is NOT&#160;true regarding protection from Lyme disease?&#10;A)Covering skin when camping can help prevent tick bites.&#10;B)If bitten by a tick, it should be removed as soon as possible.&#10;C)Protective clothing is the most effective prevention strategy.&#10;D)Insect repellent can ward off ticks.

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The answer of Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks....

Question 37

Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks. More specifically, Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia bacteria, which are carried by ticks. When ticks infected with this bacteria bite humans, the bacteria can be transmitted into the bloodstream, causing an illness known as Lyme disease.&#10;The symptoms of Lyme disease include fever, headache, fatigue, and joint and muscle pain. One of the most noticeable signs is a rash that looks like a series of red rings radiating out from the bite. This usually appears a week after the tick bite. However, not everyone with Lyme disease gets this rash.&#10;The good news is that Lyme disease can be treated with antibiotics. Most people recover quickly and fully. However, if Lyme disease is not treated properly, patients can suffer from debilitating symptoms weeks, months, and even years after the bite. This condition is known as post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD) or chronic Lyme disease (CLD).&#10;To protect yourself from Lyme disease, always cover your skin with clothing or insect repellent when hiking or camping. If you get bitten by a tick, remove the tick right away; most cases of Lyme disease require the tick to be attached for 36 to 48 hours. If red rings appear, see a doctor right away. Lyme disease can be harmful, but it is preventable and treatable with early intervention.&#10;Question: Which detail supports the idea that most people recover quickly from Lyme disease?&#10;A)Lyme disease can be treated with antibiotics.&#10;B)Lyme disease can be easily prevented.&#10;C)Not everyone with Lyme disease will get a rash.&#10;D)Most cases require the tick to be attached for two days.

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The answer of Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks....

Question 38

Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks. More specifically, Lyme disease is caused by Borrellia bacteria, which are carried by ticks. When ticks infected with this bacteria bite humans, the bacteria can be transmitted into the bloodstream, causing an illness known as Lyme disease.&#10;The symptoms of Lyme disease include fever, headache, fatigue, and joint and muscle pain. One of the most noticeable signs is a rash that looks like a series of red rings radiating out from the bite. This usually appears a week after the tick bite. However, not everyone with Lyme disease gets this rash.&#10;The good news is that Lyme disease can be treated with antibiotics. Most people recover quickly and fully. However, if Lyme disease is not treated properly, patients can suffer from debilitating symptoms weeks, months, and even years after the bite. This condition is known as post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD) or chronic Lyme disease (CLD).&#10;To protect yourself from Lyme disease, always cover your skin with clothing or insect repellent when hiking or camping. If you get bitten by a tick, remove the tick right away; most cases of Lyme disease require the tick to be attached for 36 to 48 hours. If red rings appear, see a doctor right away. Lyme disease can be harmful, but it is preventable and treatable with early intervention.&#10;Question: What is the meaning of the word chronic in the third paragraph?&#10;A)Crippling&#10;B)Acute&#10;C)Persistent&#10;D)Drastic

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The answer of Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks....

Question 39

Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks. More specifically, Lyme disease is caused by Borrellia bacteria, which are carried by ticks. When ticks infected with this bacteria bite humans, the bacteria can be transmitted into the bloodstream, causing an illness known as Lyme disease.&#10;The symptoms of Lyme disease include fever, headache, fatigue, and joint and muscle pain. One of the most noticeable signs is a rash that looks like a series of red rings radiating out from the bite. This usually appears a week after the tick bite. However, not everyone with Lyme disease gets this rash.&#10;The good news is that Lyme disease can be treated with antibiotics. Most people recover quickly and fully. However, if Lyme disease is not treated properly, patients can suffer from debilitating symptoms weeks, months, and even years after the bite. This condition is known as post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD) or chronic Lyme disease (CLD).&#10;To protect yourself from Lyme disease, always cover your skin with clothing or insect repellent when hiking or camping. If you get bitten by a tick, remove the tick right away; most cases of Lyme disease require the tick to be attached for 36 to 48 hours. If red rings appear, see a doctor right away. Lyme disease can be harmful, but it is preventable and treatable with early intervention.&#10;Question: What can be inferred from patients with chronic Lyme disease (CLD)?&#10;A)Antibiotic treatment must have been ineffective.&#10;B)They did not have noticeable symptoms.&#10;C)The tick was attached for up to 48 hours.&#10;D)The disease was not treated thoroughly.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks....

Question 40

Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks. More specifically, Lyme disease is caused by Borrellia bacteria, which are carried by ticks. When ticks infected with this bacteria bite humans, the bacteria can be transmitted into the bloodstream, causing an illness known as Lyme disease.&#10;The symptoms of Lyme disease include fever, headache, fatigue, and joint and muscle pain. One of the most noticeable signs is a rash that looks like a series of red rings radiating out from the bite. This usually appears a week after the tick bite. However, not everyone with Lyme disease gets this rash.&#10;The good news is that Lyme disease can be treated with antibiotics. Most people recover quickly and fully. However, if Lyme disease is not treated properly, patients can suffer from debilitating symptoms weeks, months, and even years after the bite. This condition is known as post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD) or chronic Lyme disease (CLD).&#10;To protect yourself from Lyme disease, always cover your skin with clothing or insect repellent when hiking or camping. If you get bitten by a tick, remove the tick right away; most cases of Lyme disease require the tick to be attached for 36 to 48 hours. If red rings appear, see a doctor right away. Lyme disease can be harmful, but it is preventable and treatable with early intervention.&#10;Question: Why would the author include the detail &#34;most cases of Lyme disease require the tick to be attached for 36 to 48 hours&#34; in paragraph 4?&#10;A)To support the reasoning behind immediate tick removal.&#10;B)To offer an example of a quick recovery from the disease.&#10;C)To inform the reader regarding the cause of Lyme disease.&#10;D)To contradict the argument regarding the severity of Lyme disease.

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The answer of Lyme Disease&#10;Lyme disease is caused by ticks....

Question 41

The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked at your tongue in a mirror? If so, you have probably noticed that it is bumpy. The bumps on your tongue are called papillae. Each one of the papillae contains hundreds of taste buds. You also have taste buds on the roof of your mouth and on your epiglottis, which is located at the top of your throat. The taste buds send messages to your brain that tell you about its basic flavor-that is, whether you are eating something salty, sweet, bitter, sour, or umami. Umami is hard to describe, but it is most often called a &#34;meaty&#34; or &#34;savory&#34; flavor. Foods with an umami flavor include meat broth, cheese, and soy sauce.&#10;Your mouth and tongue also have receptors that send information about things besides the basic flavors of food. Your mouth has temperature receptor cells that can tell whether a food is piping hot or ice cold. Other receptors give information about the texture of food or how spicy it is.&#10;But just being able to tell whether what you are eating is sour, cold, crunchy, or spicy is not truly tasting the food. For example, orange soda and root beer are both sweet, cold, and bubbly, but they do not taste the same. In order to get the full flavor of your food, you also need to use your sense of smell. The upper part of your nose contains special cells called olfactory receptors. They send messages about what things smell like to your brain. As you chew your food, chemicals quickly travel to the olfactory receptors in your nose. When your brain gets information from both the olfactory receptors and the taste buds, you experience the full flavor of what you are eating.&#10;Question: What could be a summary of the passage?&#10;A)Without the olfactory system, we would not be able to experience the full flavor of food.&#10;B)Receptors help us understand the texture and temperature of food.&#10;C)Taste buds are able to send messages to the brain regarding basic flavors, even if they are hard to describe.&#10;D)Our taste buds, receptors, and olfactory system make it possible to have a well-rounded experience when eating.

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The answer of The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked...

Question 42

The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked at your tongue in a mirror? If so, you have probably noticed that it is bumpy. The bumps on your tongue are called papillae. Each one of the papillae contains hundreds of taste buds. You also have taste buds on the roof of your mouth and on your epiglottis, which is located at the top of your throat. The taste buds send messages to your brain that tell you about its basic flavor-that is, whether you are eating something salty, sweet, bitter, sour, or umami. Umami is hard to describe, but it is most often called a &#34;meaty&#34; or &#34;savory&#34; flavor. Foods with an umami flavor include meat broth, cheese, and soy sauce.&#10;Your mouth and tongue also have receptors that send information about things besides the basic flavors of food. Your mouth has temperature receptor cells that can tell whether a food is piping hot or ice cold. Other receptors give information about the texture of food or how spicy it is.&#10;But just being able to tell whether what you are eating is sour, cold, crunchy, or spicy is not truly tasting the food. For example, orange soda and root beer are both sweet, cold, and bubbly, but they do not taste the same. In order to get the full flavor of your food, you also need to use your sense of smell. The upper part of your nose contains special cells called olfactory receptors. They send messages about what things smell like to your brain. As you chew your food, chemicals quickly travel to the olfactory receptors in your nose. When your brain gets information from both the olfactory receptors and the taste buds, you experience the full flavor of what you are eating.&#10;Question: What is a potential reason for including &#34;Have you ever looked at your tongue in a mirror?&#34; as the first sentence of the passage?&#10;A)To spark interest and introduce the tongue's bumpy texture.&#10;B)To introduce the fact of having taste buds on the roof of the mouth.&#10;C)To provide an introduction regarding the olfactory receptors.&#10;D)To provide context to the idea of eating and chewing for paragraph 3.

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The answer of The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked...

Question 43

The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked at your tongue in a mirror? If so, you have probably noticed that it is bumpy. The bumps on your tongue are called papillae. Each one of the papillae contains hundreds of taste buds. You also have taste buds on the roof of your mouth and on your epiglottis, which is located at the top of your throat. The taste buds send messages to your brain that tell you about its basic flavor-that is, whether you are eating something salty, sweet, bitter, sour, or umami. Umami is hard to describe, but it is most often called a &#34;meaty&#34; or &#34;savory&#34; flavor. Foods with an umami flavor include meat broth, cheese, and soy sauce.&#10;Your mouth and tongue also have receptors that send information about things besides the basic flavors of food. Your mouth has temperature receptor cells that can tell whether a food is piping hot or ice cold. Other receptors give information about the texture of food or how spicy it is.&#10;But just being able to tell whether what you are eating is sour, cold, crunchy, or spicy is not truly tasting the food. For example, orange soda and root beer are both sweet, cold, and bubbly, but they do not taste the same. In order to get the full flavor of your food, you also need to use your sense of smell. The upper part of your nose contains special cells called olfactory receptors. They send messages about what things smell like to your brain. As you chew your food, chemicals quickly travel to the olfactory receptors in your nose. When your brain gets information from both the olfactory receptors and the taste buds, you experience the full flavor of what you are eating.&#10;Question: According to the passage, what are taste buds responsible for?&#10;A)Sending messages to the brain regarding the flavor of food&#10;B)Giving information about the texture of food&#10;C)Transmitting information about the smell of food&#10;D)Understanding whether or not something is spicy

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The answer of The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked...

Question 44

The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked at your tongue in a mirror? If so, you have probably noticed that it is bumpy. The bumps on your tongue are called papillae. Each one of the papillae contains hundreds of taste buds. You also have taste buds on the roof of your mouth and on your epiglottis, which is located at the top of your throat. The taste buds send messages to your brain that tell you about its basic flavor-that is, whether you are eating something salty, sweet, bitter, sour, or umami. Umami is hard to describe, but it is most often called a &#34;meaty&#34; or &#34;savory&#34; flavor. Foods with an umami flavor include meat broth, cheese, and soy sauce.&#10;Your mouth and tongue also have receptors that send information about things besides the basic flavors of food. Your mouth has temperature receptor cells that can tell whether a food is piping hot or ice cold. Other receptors give information about the texture of food or how spicy it is.&#10;But just being able to tell whether what you are eating is sour, cold, crunchy, or spicy is not truly tasting the food. For example, orange soda and root beer are both sweet, cold, and bubbly, but they do not taste the same. In order to get the full flavor of your food, you also need to use your sense of smell. The upper part of your nose contains special cells called olfactory receptors. They send messages about what things smell like to your brain. As you chew your food, chemicals quickly travel to the olfactory receptors in your nose. When your brain gets information from both the olfactory receptors and the taste buds, you experience the full flavor of what you are eating.&#10;Question: What is the primary purpose of this passage?&#10;A)To highlight the importance of papillae and taste buds while eating.&#10;B)To introduce the role of receptors when eating.&#10;C)To provide a detailed examination of the olfactory system.&#10;D)To explain the process of how we experience flavors of food.

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The answer of The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked...

Question 45

The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked at your tongue in a mirror? If so, you have probably noticed that it is bumpy. The bumps on your tongue are called papillae. Each one of the papillae contains hundreds of taste buds. You also have taste buds on the roof of your mouth and on your epiglottis, which is located at the top of your throat. The taste buds send messages to your brain that tell you about its basic flavor-that is, whether you are eating something salty, sweet, bitter, sour, or umami. Umami is hard to describe, but it is most often called a &#34;meaty&#34; or &#34;savory&#34; flavor. Foods with an umami flavor include meat broth, cheese, and soy sauce.&#10;Your mouth and tongue also have receptors that send information about things besides the basic flavors of food. Your mouth has temperature receptor cells that can tell whether a food is piping hot or ice cold. Other receptors give information about the texture of food or how spicy it is.&#10;But just being able to tell whether what you are eating is sour, cold, crunchy, or spicy is not truly tasting the food. For example, orange soda and root beer are both sweet, cold, and bubbly, but they do not taste the same. In order to get the full flavor of your food, you also need to use your sense of smell. The upper part of your nose contains special cells called olfactory receptors. They send messages about what things smell like to your brain. As you chew your food, chemicals quickly travel to the olfactory receptors in your nose. When your brain gets information from both the olfactory receptors and the taste buds, you experience the full flavor of what you are eating.&#10;Question: According to the passage, what are the various receptors NOT&#160;responsible for?&#10;A)Giving information to the brain about the food's temperature&#10;B)Giving information to the brain regarding the feel and consistency of food&#10;C)Giving information to the brain about the amount of fat in food&#10;D)Giving information to the brain regarding the flavor of food

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The answer of The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked...

Question 46

The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked at your tongue in a mirror? If so, you have probably noticed that it is bumpy. The bumps on your tongue are called papillae. Each one of the papillae contains hundreds of taste buds. You also have taste buds on the roof of your mouth and on your epiglottis, which is located at the top of your throat. The taste buds send messages to your brain that tell you about its basic flavor-that is, whether you are eating something salty, sweet, bitter, sour, or umami. Umami is hard to describe, but it is most often called a &#34;meaty&#34; or &#34;savory&#34; flavor. Foods with an umami flavor include meat broth, cheese, and soy sauce.&#10;Your mouth and tongue also have receptors that send information about things besides the basic flavors of food. Your mouth has temperature receptor cells that can tell whether a food is piping hot or ice cold. Other receptors give information about the texture of food or how spicy it is.&#10;But just being able to tell whether what you are eating is sour, cold, crunchy, or spicy is not truly tasting the food. For example, orange soda and root beer are both sweet, cold, and bubbly, but they do not taste the same. In order to get the full flavor of your food, you also need to use your sense of smell. The upper part of your nose contains special cells called olfactory receptors. They send messages about what things smell like to your brain. As you chew your food, chemicals quickly travel to the olfactory receptors in your nose. When your brain gets information from both the olfactory receptors and the taste buds, you experience the full flavor of what you are eating.&#10;Question: Why does the author include the detail &#34;orange soda and root beer are both sweet, cold, and bubbly, but they do not taste the same&#34;?&#10;A)To support the idea that receptors can tell whether a food is sweet.&#10;B)To support the notion that the olfactory receptors also play a part in getting flavor.&#10;C)To provide an example of sending the full flavor to the brain.&#10;D)To support the idea that being able to understand flavor is not truly tasting food.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked...

Question 47

The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked at your tongue in a mirror? If so, you have probably noticed that it is bumpy. The bumps on your tongue are called papillae. Each one of the papillae contains hundreds of taste buds. You also have taste buds on the roof of your mouth and on your epiglottis, which is located at the top of your throat. The taste buds send messages to your brain that tell you about its basic flavor-that is, whether you are eating something salty, sweet, bitter, sour, or umami. Umami is hard to describe, but it is most often called a &#34;meaty&#34; or &#34;savory&#34; flavor. Foods with an umami flavor include meat broth, cheese, and soy sauce.&#10;Your mouth and tongue also have receptors that send information about things besides the basic flavors of food. Your mouth has temperature receptor cells that can tell whether a food is piping hot or ice cold. Other receptors give information about the texture of food or how spicy it is.&#10;But just being able to tell whether what you are eating is sour, cold, crunchy, or spicy is not truly tasting the food. For example, orange soda and root beer are both sweet, cold, and bubbly, but they do not taste the same. In order to get the full flavor of your food, you also need to use your sense of smell. The upper part of your nose contains special cells called olfactory receptors. They send messages about what things smell like to your brain. As you chew your food, chemicals quickly travel to the olfactory receptors in your nose. When your brain gets information from both the olfactory receptors and the taste buds, you experience the full flavor of what you are eating.&#10;Question: According to the text, which is NOT&#160;necessary in order to get the full flavor of food?&#10;A)Chewing your food slowly&#10;B)Chemicals must actively travel to the olfactory receptors in your nose.&#10;C)Using your sense of smell&#10;D)Your brain must receive information from taste buds and olfactory receptors

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The answer of The Science of Taste&#10;Have you ever looked...

Question 48

Hiccups&#10;At some point in your life, you have probably had the hiccups. Hiccups are caused by spasms in the diaphragm, a muscle located at the bottom of your chest. As we inhale, the diaphragm contracts, pulling air into the lungs. As we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes, pushing air back out through the mouth and nose. When we hiccup, the diaphragm jerks downward suddenly, pulling a quick burst of air into our lungs. As the air rushes into your body, it hits the voice box. This causes your vocal cords to snap shut, creating the sound we recognize as a hiccup.&#10;Hiccups can be triggered by many different things-eating too much, drinking too fast, sudden change of temperature, stress, fatigue, nervousness, and even excessive laughter can all cause the hiccups. While there are many home remedies for hiccups, there is no evidence to suggest that any of them are actually effective. In fact, most cases of the hiccups go away on their own.&#10;Although hiccups are usually harmless, they can be a sign of something more serious. Long-term hiccups might be a result of damage to the nerves that serve the diaphragm muscle. Persistent hiccups might also be caused by certain central nervous system disorders, traumatic brain injuries, drug abuse, or kidney disease.&#10;Question: What is the main idea of the passage?&#10;A)Hiccups can occur when the diaphragm moves downward suddenly, which pulls a quick burst of air into the lungs.&#10;B)Though hiccups are typically harmless, they can be the sign of nervous system disorders, brain injuries, or even drug abuse.&#10;C)Although there are many home remedies for alleviating the hiccups, there is no scientific evidence suggesting that they actually work.&#10;D)Hiccups are the result of spasms in the diaphragm and are usually harmless although persistent hiccups may be a sign of a serious problem.

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The answer of Hiccups&#10;At some point in your life, you...

Question 49

Hiccups&#10;At some point in your life, you have probably had the hiccups. Hiccups are caused by spasms in the diaphragm, a muscle located at the bottom of your chest. As we inhale, the diaphragm contracts, pulling air into the lungs. As we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes, pushing air back out through the mouth and nose. When we hiccup, the diaphragm jerks downward suddenly, pulling a quick burst of air into our lungs. As the air rushes into your body, it hits the voice box. This causes your vocal cords to snap shut, creating the sound we recognize as a hiccup.&#10;Hiccups can be triggered by many different things-eating too much, drinking too fast, sudden change of temperature, stress, fatigue, nervousness, and even excessive laughter can all cause the hiccups. While there are many home remedies for hiccups, there is no evidence to suggest that any of them are actually effective. In fact, most cases of the hiccups go away on their own.&#10;Although hiccups are usually harmless, they can be a sign of something more serious. Long-term hiccups might be a result of damage to the nerves that serve the diaphragm muscle. Persistent hiccups might also be caused by certain central nervous system disorders, traumatic brain injuries, drug abuse, or kidney disease.&#10;Question: What is the meaning of the word triggered in paragraph 2?&#10;A)Caused&#10;B)Avoided&#10;C)Cured&#10;D)Damaged

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The answer of Hiccups&#10;At some point in your life, you...

Question 50

Hiccups&#10;At some point in your life, you have probably had the hiccups. Hiccups are caused by spasms in the diaphragm, a muscle located at the bottom of your chest. As we inhale, the diaphragm contracts, pulling air into the lungs. As we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes, pushing air back out through the mouth and nose. When we hiccup, the diaphragm jerks downward suddenly, pulling a quick burst of air into our lungs. As the air rushes into your body, it hits the voice box. This causes your vocal cords to snap shut, creating the sound we recognize as a hiccup.&#10;Hiccups can be triggered by many different things-eating too much, drinking too fast, sudden change of temperature, stress, fatigue, nervousness, and even excessive laughter can all cause the hiccups. While there are many home remedies for hiccups, there is no evidence to suggest that any of them are actually effective. In fact, most cases of the hiccups go away on their own.&#10;Although hiccups are usually harmless, they can be a sign of something more serious. Long-term hiccups might be a result of damage to the nerves that serve the diaphragm muscle. Persistent hiccups might also be caused by certain central nervous system disorders, traumatic brain injuries, drug abuse, or kidney disease.&#10;Question: What is the primary cause of the characteristic sound that a hiccup makes?&#10;A)Air hitting the voice box which causes the vocal cords to quickly close.&#10;B)The contraction of the diaphragm which forces air out of the lungs.&#10;C)Exhaling too quickly which forces air out of the nose and mouth.&#10;D)A slackness of the diaphragm which keeps air in our lungs.

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The answer of Hiccups&#10;At some point in your life, you...

Question 51

Hiccups&#10;At some point in your life, you have probably had the hiccups. Hiccups are caused by spasms in the diaphragm, a muscle located at the bottom of your chest. As we inhale, the diaphragm contracts, pulling air into the lungs. As we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes, pushing air back out through the mouth and nose. When we hiccup, the diaphragm jerks downward suddenly, pulling a quick burst of air into our lungs. As the air rushes into your body, it hits the voice box. This causes your vocal cords to snap shut, creating the sound we recognize as a hiccup.&#10;Hiccups can be triggered by many different things-eating too much, drinking too fast, sudden change of temperature, stress, fatigue, nervousness, and even excessive laughter can all cause the hiccups. While there are many home remedies for hiccups, there is no evidence to suggest that any of them are actually effective. In fact, most cases of the hiccups go away on their own.&#10;Although hiccups are usually harmless, they can be a sign of something more serious. Long-term hiccups might be a result of damage to the nerves that serve the diaphragm muscle. Persistent hiccups might also be caused by certain central nervous system disorders, traumatic brain injuries, drug abuse, or kidney disease.&#10;Question: What can be inferred about some cases of persistent hiccups?&#10;A)They might lead to a traumatic brain injury.&#10;B)They should be treated with home remedies.&#10;C)They could require a doctor's attention.&#10;D)They can cause certain nervous system disorders.

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The answer of Hiccups&#10;At some point in your life, you...

Question 52

Hiccups&#10;At some point in your life, you have probably had the hiccups. Hiccups are caused by spasms in the diaphragm, a muscle located at the bottom of your chest. As we inhale, the diaphragm contracts, pulling air into the lungs. As we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes, pushing air back out through the mouth and nose. When we hiccup, the diaphragm jerks downward suddenly, pulling a quick burst of air into our lungs. As the air rushes into your body, it hits the voice box. This causes your vocal cords to snap shut, creating the sound we recognize as a hiccup.&#10;Hiccups can be triggered by many different things-eating too much, drinking too fast, sudden change of temperature, stress, fatigue, nervousness, and even excessive laughter can all cause the hiccups. While there are many home remedies for hiccups, there is no evidence to suggest that any of them are actually effective. In fact, most cases of the hiccups go away on their own.&#10;Although hiccups are usually harmless, they can be a sign of something more serious. Long-term hiccups might be a result of damage to the nerves that serve the diaphragm muscle. Persistent hiccups might also be caused by certain central nervous system disorders, traumatic brain injuries, drug abuse, or kidney disease.&#10;Question: What is the meaning of the word spasms in paragraph 1?&#10;A)A pockets of air&#10;B)Diseases&#10;C)Quick, uncontrollable movements&#10;D)Small muscles

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The answer of Hiccups&#10;At some point in your life, you...

Question 53

Hiccups&#10;At some point in your life, you have probably had the hiccups. Hiccups are caused by spasms in the diaphragm, a muscle located at the bottom of your chest. As we inhale, the diaphragm contracts, pulling air into the lungs. As we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes, pushing air back out through the mouth and nose. When we hiccup, the diaphragm jerks downward suddenly, pulling a quick burst of air into our lungs. As the air rushes into your body, it hits the voice box. This causes your vocal cords to snap shut, creating the sound we recognize as a hiccup.&#10;Hiccups can be triggered by many different things-eating too much, drinking too fast, sudden change of temperature, stress, fatigue, nervousness, and even excessive laughter can all cause the hiccups. While there are many home remedies for hiccups, there is no evidence to suggest that any of them are actually effective. In fact, most cases of the hiccups go away on their own.&#10;Although hiccups are usually harmless, they can be a sign of something more serious. Long-term hiccups might be a result of damage to the nerves that serve the diaphragm muscle. Persistent hiccups might also be caused by certain central nervous system disorders, traumatic brain injuries, drug abuse, or kidney disease.&#10;Question: What is the best summary of the passage?&#10;A)Most people have probably had the hiccups before. They can be caused by many things including overeating, drinking too quickly, and sudden changes in temperature just to name a few.&#10;B)Hiccups occur when the diaphragm jerks down quickly, causing air to enter our lungs quickly. As this air rushes into the body, it hits the voice box, causing the vocal cords to slam shut, creating the characteristic hiccup sound.&#10;C)The hiccups can cause a number of problems including central nervous system disorders, traumatic brain injuries, drug abuse, and kidney disease.&#10;D)The hiccups, which are caused by spasms in the diaphragm, can be caused by a number of things. Although they are usually harmless and go away by themselves, persistent hiccups could be the sign of a serious medical issue.

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The answer of Hiccups&#10;At some point in your life, you...

Question 54

GMOs&#10;GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are organisms whose genes have been altered in laboratories. Scientists modify the genetic codes of plants or animals by inserting copies of desirable genes into the organism's DNA. While modifying organisms in a laboratory is a relatively new scientific development, people have been experimenting with genetics on plants and animals for centuries. For example, cattle ranchers have selectively bred their animals to produce cows that give more milk.&#10;Although some people fear the &#34;Frankenstein&#34; nature of GMOs, there is no scientific evidence to suggest that GMO-based foods are harmful for human consumption. In fact, there are several reasons to believe that GMOs are actually quite beneficial.&#10;Through genetic modification, scientists can breed species of plants or animals that yield hardier, more abundant, or even more nutritious food. Geneticists have been able to produce rice plants that can survive droughts and wheat plants that are naturally pest-resistant. Some genetically modified foods have been engineered to have higher levels of specific nutrients, such as protein or calcium. Proponents of GMOs argue that these kinds of advances might one day help to end world hunger. Furthermore, genetically modified crops and animals can be bred to require fewer natural resources and produce less waste. This means that GMOs might also be better for the environment.&#10;Question: What is the main idea of the passage?&#10;A)Some people fear that altering the genetic makeup of plants and animals might make them harmful for human consumption.&#10;B)For many years, cattle ranchers have bred their cows to produce more milk than non-modified cows.&#10;C)The genetic modification of plants and animals can make them hardier, more abundant, and even more nutritious.&#10;D)GMOs are organisms whose genetic code has been altered by inserting copies of desirable genes into an organism's overall DNA profile.

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The answer of GMOs&#10;GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are organisms...

Question 55

GMOs&#10;GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are organisms whose genes have been altered in laboratories. Scientists modify the genetic codes of plants or animals by inserting copies of desirable genes into the organism's DNA. While modifying organisms in a laboratory is a relatively new scientific development, people have been experimenting with genetics on plants and animals for centuries. For example, cattle ranchers have selectively bred their animals to produce cows that give more milk.&#10;Although some people fear the &#34;Frankenstein&#34; nature of GMOs, there is no scientific evidence to suggest that GMO-based foods are harmful for human consumption. In fact, there are several reasons to believe that GMOs are actually quite beneficial.&#10;Through genetic modification, scientists can breed species of plants or animals that yield hardier, more abundant, or even more nutritious food. Geneticists have been able to produce rice plants that can survive droughts and wheat plants that are naturally pest-resistant. Some genetically modified foods have been engineered to have higher levels of specific nutrients, such as protein or calcium. Proponents of GMOs argue that these kinds of advances might one day help to end world hunger. Furthermore, genetically modified crops and animals can be bred to require fewer natural resources and produce less waste. This means that GMOs might also be better for the environment.&#10;Question: What does the word proponents in the last paragraph mean?&#10;A)Resources&#10;B)Supporters&#10;C)Crops&#10;D)Opponents

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The answer of GMOs&#10;GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are organisms...

Question 56

GMOs&#10;GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are organisms whose genes have been altered in laboratories. Scientists modify the genetic codes of plants or animals by inserting copies of desirable genes into the organism's DNA. While modifying organisms in a laboratory is a relatively new scientific development, people have been experimenting with genetics on plants and animals for centuries. For example, cattle ranchers have selectively bred their animals to produce cows that give more milk.&#10;Although some people fear the &#34;Frankenstein&#34; nature of GMOs, there is no scientific evidence to suggest that GMO-based foods are harmful for human consumption. In fact, there are several reasons to believe that GMOs are actually quite beneficial.&#10;Through genetic modification, scientists can breed species of plants or animals that yield hardier, more abundant, or even more nutritious food. Geneticists have been able to produce rice plants that can survive droughts and wheat plants that are naturally pest-resistant. Some genetically modified foods have been engineered to have higher levels of specific nutrients, such as protein or calcium. Proponents of GMOs argue that these kinds of advances might one day help to end world hunger. Furthermore, genetically modified crops and animals can be bred to require fewer natural resources and produce less waste. This means that GMOs might also be better for the environment.&#10;Question: What is the best summary of this passage?&#10;A)GMOs are organisms whose genes have been altered in a lab. There are a number of advantages to GMOs, including greater hardiness and abundance, and higher nutrition.&#10;B)GMOs are organisms that have had their DNA profile changed in the lab. Although there are a number of advantages to GMOs, the risks they pose should also be considered.&#10;C)People have been breeding plants and animals to show certain characteristics for years. However, some people fear the &#34;Frankenstein&#34; nature of GMOs, and are worried about the potential risks that they pose.&#10;D)GMOs are organisms that have been modified in the laboratory. Scientists do this by inserting copies of desirable genes into the target organism's genetic makeup, or DNA.

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The answer of GMOs&#10;GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are organisms...

Question 57

GMOs&#10;GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are organisms whose genes have been altered in laboratories. Scientists modify the genetic codes of plants or animals by inserting copies of desirable genes into the organism's DNA. While modifying organisms in a laboratory is a relatively new scientific development, people have been experimenting with genetics on plants and animals for centuries. For example, cattle ranchers have selectively bred their animals to produce cows that give more milk.&#10;Although some people fear the &#34;Frankenstein&#34; nature of GMOs, there is no scientific evidence to suggest that GMO-based foods are harmful for human consumption. In fact, there are several reasons to believe that GMOs actually quite beneficial.&#10;Through genetic modification, scientists can breed species of plants or animals that yield hardier, more abundant, or even more nutritious food. Geneticists have been able to produce rice plants that can survive droughts and wheat plants that are naturally pest-resistant. Some genetically modified foods have been engineered to have higher levels of specific nutrients, such as protein or calcium. Proponents of GMOs argue that these kinds of advances might one day help to end world hunger. Furthermore, genetically modified crops and animals can be bred to require fewer natural resources and produce less waste. This means that GMOs might also be better for the environment.&#10;Question: Which of the following is true according to information found in the passage?&#10;A)Genetically modified cattle have been shown to live longer than non-GMO cattle.&#10;B)Scientists have transferred some genetic material from animals into the genetic code of plants.&#10;C)Some studies have shown that GMO-based foods might be hazardous to the health and well-being of humans.&#10;D)People have been modifying the genetic makeup of organisms for hundreds of years.

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The answer of GMOs&#10;GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are organisms...

Question 58

GMOs&#10;GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are organisms whose genes have been altered in laboratories. Scientists modify the genetic codes of plants or animals by inserting copies of desirable genes into the organism's DNA. While modifying organisms in a laboratory is a relatively new scientific development, people have been experimenting with genetics on plants and animals for centuries. For example, cattle ranchers have selectively bred their animals to produce cows that give more milk.&#10;Although some people fear the &#34;Frankenstein&#34; nature of GMOs, there is no scientific evidence to suggest that GMO-based foods are harmful for human consumption. In fact, there are several reasons to believe that GMOs actually quite beneficial.&#10;Through genetic modification, scientists can breed species of plants or animals that yield hardier, more abundant, or even more nutritious food. Geneticists have been able to produce rice plants that can survive droughts and wheat plants that are naturally pest-resistant. Some genetically modified foods have been engineered to have higher levels of specific nutrients, such as protein or calcium. Proponents of GMOs argue that these kinds of advances might one day help to end world hunger. Furthermore, genetically modified crops and animals can be bred to require fewer natural resources and produce less waste. This means that GMOs might also be better for the environment.&#10;Question: Which of the following can be inferred about GMOs?&#10;A)They can be harmful to humans due to their &#34;Frankenstein&#34; nature.&#10;B)They could require less fertilizer to thrive than some non-GMO crops.&#10;C)They are more useful for raising crops than for raising livestock.&#10;D)They cost a great deal to produce.

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The answer of GMOs&#10;GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are organisms...

Question 59

GMOs&#10;GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are organisms whose genes have been altered in laboratories. Scientists modify the genetic codes of plants or animals by inserting copies of desirable genes into the organism's DNA. While modifying organisms in a laboratory is a relatively new scientific development, people have been experimenting with genetics on plants and animals for centuries. For example, cattle ranchers have selectively bred their animals to produce cows that give more milk.&#10;Although some people fear the &#34;Frankenstein&#34; nature of GMOs, there is no scientific evidence to suggest that GMO-based foods are harmful for human consumption. In fact, there are several reasons to believe that GMOs are actually quite beneficial.&#10;Through genetic modification, scientists can breed species of plants or animals that yield hardier, more abundant, or even more nutritious food. Geneticists have been able to produce rice plants that can survive droughts and wheat plants that are naturally pest-resistant. Some genetically modified foods have been engineered to have higher levels of specific nutrients, such as protein or calcium. Proponents of GMOs argue that these kinds of advances might one day help to end world hunger. Furthermore, genetically modified crops and animals can be bred to require fewer natural resources and produce less waste. This means that GMOs might also be better for the environment.&#10;Question: Which of the following is a statement of the author's opinion, and not a statement of fact?&#10;A)Cattle ranchers have selectively bred their animals to produce cows that give more milk.&#10;B)GMOs might also be better for the environment than non-GMO plants and livestock.&#10;C)GMOs are organisms whose genes have been altered in laboratories.&#10;D)Geneticists have been able to produce rice plants that can survive droughts.

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The answer of GMOs&#10;GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are organisms...

Question 60

DNA analysis&#10;Modern forensics-science used in investigating crimes-relies heavily on DNA evidence. Nearly every cell in our bodies contains DNA, the molecule that carries our genetic information. Aside from identical twins, no two human beings have the exact same DNA. Because DNA is present in our hair, blood, skin, and saliva, we leave traces of our DNA just about everywhere we go. Forensic investigators collect and analyze DNA evidence left at crime scenes to identify criminals.&#10;On television, this process is quick and conclusive. In real life, however, it is much more complicated. If the material found at the crime scene is too small, too old, or has otherwise been damaged, analyzing the DNA can be difficult. Furthermore, if the sample came from teeth, hair, or bones, it must undergo a different type of analysis called mitochondrial DNA analysis, which uses DNA from a cell's mitochondria instead of the nucleus. Matching mitochondrial DNA is often more difficult than nuclear DNA.&#10;Furthermore, forensic experts never suggest that DNA evidence is concrete proof of a suspect's guilt. Forensic science is rooted in probability, not certainty. When the DNA of a suspect is found at a crime scene, it means that the suspect was likely to have been present at the crime scene, but it does not definitively indicate that he or she was guilty of a crime.&#10;Question: What is the main idea of the passage?&#10;A)Most of the cells in our body contain DNA, a molecule that carries genetic information.&#10;B)We leave traces of our DNA just about everywhere we go.&#10;C)DNA is a foolproof tool for assessing the guilt of a criminal suspect.&#10;D)The use of DNA, the molecule that carries genetic information, has some drawbacks.

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The answer of DNA analysis&#10;Modern forensics-science used in investigating crimes-relies...

Question 61

DNA analysis&#10;Modern forensics-science used in investigating crimes-relies heavily on DNA evidence. Nearly every cell in our bodies contains DNA, the molecule that carries our genetic information. Aside from identical twins, no two human beings have the exact same DNA. Because DNA is present in our hair, blood, skin, and saliva, we leave traces of our DNA just about everywhere we go. Forensic investigators collect and analyze DNA evidence left at crime scenes to identify criminals.&#10;On television, this process is quick and conclusive. In real life, however, it is much more complicated. If the material found at the crime scene is too small, too old, or has otherwise been damaged, analyzing the DNA can be difficult. Furthermore, if the sample came from teeth, hair, or bones, it must undergo a different type of analysis called mitochondrial DNA analysis, which uses DNA from a cell's mitochondria instead of the nucleus. Matching mitochondrial DNA is often more difficult than nuclear DNA.&#10;Furthermore, forensic experts never suggest that DNA evidence is concrete proof of a suspect's guilt. Forensic science is rooted in probability, not certainty. When the DNA of a suspect is found at a crime scene, it means that the suspect was likely to have been present at the crime scene, but it does not definitively indicate that he or she was guilty of a crime.&#10;Question: Which of the following best reflects the author's opinion of DNA forensics?&#10;A)Forensic tests using nuclear DNA are more accurate than those using mitochondrial DNA.&#10;B)DNA testing should be limited to the testing of teeth, hair, and bones.&#10;C)Even though it might not provide definitive proof of guilt, it is still useful.&#10;D)Nuclear DNA testing should be performed rather than mitochondrial testing.

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The answer of DNA analysis&#10;Modern forensics-science used in investigating crimes-relies...

Question 62

DNA analysis&#10;Modern forensics-science used in investigating crimes-relies heavily on DNA evidence. Nearly every cell in our bodies contains DNA, the molecule that carries our genetic information. Aside from identical twins, no two human beings have the exact same DNA. Because DNA is present in our hair, blood, skin, and saliva, we leave traces of our DNA just about everywhere we go. Forensic investigators collect and analyze DNA evidence left at crime scenes to identify criminals.&#10;On television, this process is quick and conclusive. In real life, however, it is much more complicated. If the material found at the crime scene is too small, too old, or has otherwise been damaged, analyzing the DNA can be difficult. Furthermore, if the sample came from teeth, hair, or bones, it must undergo a different type of analysis called mitochondrial DNA analysis, which uses DNA from a cell's mitochondria instead of the nucleus. Matching mitochondrial DNA is often more difficult than nuclear DNA.&#10;Furthermore, forensic experts never suggest that DNA evidence is concrete proof of a suspect's guilt. Forensic science is rooted in probability, not certainty. When the DNA of a suspect is found at a crime scene, it means that the suspect was likely to have been present at the crime scene, but it does not definitively indicate that he or she was guilty of a crime.&#10;Question: What is the best summary of the passage?&#10;A)Modern forensics relies on DNA evidence. But this is a problem because samples that are too small, too old, or otherwise damaged can be extremely difficult to match.&#10;B)Investigators now rely heavily on DNA testing. By matching the nuclear DNA that is found in the mitochondria of a cell, investigators are able to determine the likelihood of a suspect being at the scene of a crime.&#10;C)Because we leave DNA traces almost everywhere we go, it is a useful tool for identifying suspects. By matching nuclear or mitochondrial DNA, investigators can determine whether a suspect was likely at a crime scene.&#10;D)DNA samples that come from teeth, hair, or bones must undergo mitochondrial DNA testing as opposed to nuclear testing. This can be a problem since mitochondrial DNA testing is often more difficult than nuclear DNA testing.

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The answer of DNA analysis&#10;Modern forensics-science used in investigating crimes-relies...

Question 63

DNA analysis&#10;Modern forensics-science used in investigating crimes-relies heavily on DNA evidence. Nearly every cell in our bodies contains DNA, the molecule that carries our genetic information. Aside from identical twins, no two human beings have the exact same DNA. Because DNA is present in our hair, blood, skin, and saliva, we leave traces of our DNA just about everywhere we go. Forensic investigators collect and analyze DNA evidence left at crime scenes to identify criminals.&#10;On television, this process is quick and conclusive. In real life, however, it is much more complicated. If the material found at the crime scene is too small, too old, or has otherwise been damaged, analyzing the DNA can be difficult. Furthermore, if the sample came from teeth, hair, or bones, it must undergo a different type of analysis called mitochondrial DNA analysis, which uses DNA from a cell's mitochondria instead of the nucleus. Matching mitochondrial DNA is often more difficult than nuclear DNA.&#10;Furthermore, forensic experts never suggest that DNA evidence is concrete proof of a suspect's guilt. Forensic science is rooted in probability, not certainty. When the DNA of a suspect is found at a crime scene, it means that the suspect was likely to have been present at the crime scene, but it does not definitively indicate that he or she was guilty of a crime.&#10;Question: Which of the following is NOT true about DNA?&#10;A)Hair, skin, and body fluids all contain it.&#10;B)Forensic investigators collect it at crime scenes.&#10;C)It is present in almost all of the cells in our bodies.&#10;D)No two people share the same DNA profile.

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The answer of DNA analysis&#10;Modern forensics-science used in investigating crimes-relies...

Question 64

DNA analysis&#10;Modern forensics-science used in investigating crimes-relies heavily on DNA evidence. Nearly every cell in our bodies contains DNA, the molecule that carries our genetic information. Aside from identical twins, no two human beings have the exact same DNA. Because DNA is present in our hair, blood, skin, and saliva, we leave traces of our DNA just about everywhere we go. Forensic investigators collect and analyze DNA evidence left at crime scenes to identify criminals.&#10;On television, this process is quick and conclusive. In real life, however, it is much more complicated. If the material found at the crime scene is too small, too old, or has otherwise been damaged, analyzing the DNA can be difficult. Furthermore, if the sample came from teeth, hair, or bones, it must undergo a different type of analysis called mitochondrial DNA analysis, which uses DNA from a cell's mitochondria instead of the nucleus. Matching mitochondrial DNA is often more difficult than nuclear DNA.&#10;Furthermore, forensic experts never suggest that DNA evidence is concrete proof of a suspect's guilt. Forensic science is rooted in probability, not certainty. When the DNA of a suspect is found at a crime scene, it means that the suspect was likely to have been present at the crime scene, but it does not definitively indicate that he or she was guilty of a crime.&#10;Question: Which of the following is true of mitochondrial DNA testing?&#10;A)It is typically found within the nucleus of a cell.&#10;B)It can reveal the DNA profile found in a suspect's hair.&#10;C)It is used when samples are small, old, or otherwise damaged.&#10;D)It is a relatively quick and conclusive process.

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The answer of DNA analysis&#10;Modern forensics-science used in investigating crimes-relies...

Deck 4: HESI-A2-Reading