Deck 14: Artificial Intelligence

Question 1

No practical application has been found yet for intelligent agents in the finance field.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Proponents of the reactive strategy of robotics argue that a robot cannot react meaningfully without processing the stimulus and planning a reaction based on its internal representation of the environment.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Game playing and image analysis are applications of artificial intelligence.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Prolog is a logic programming language.

Question 5

Each neuron can be thought of as an extremely simple computational device with a single on/off output.

Question 6

Although intelligent agents incorporate a body of knowledge to "filter" their choices and thereby appear to capture certain aspects of human reasoning, they still perform relatively limited tasks.

Question 7

The "instance" relationship shows that something is an object of a class.

Question 8

A formal language sacrifices precision of expression for richness of expression.

Question 9

Computational tasks are tasks for which accurate answers need not be found.

Question 10

A formal language representation has the disadvantage of extracting the essentials.

Question 11

In a neural network, both the knowledge representation and also the "programming" are stored in the network itself as the weights of the connections and the thresholds of the neurons.

Question 12

A brute-force approach is commonly used for intelligent chess-playing strategy.

Question 13

Artificial intelligence seeks ways to improve the computer's capabilities in recognition and reasoning tasks.

Question 14

Rule-based systems have been restricted to the field of medicine due to its inefficiency.

Question 15

If an output neuron fires when it is not supposed to, then the positive input values coming into it are adjusted upward, and the negative weights coming into it are adjusted downward.

Question 16

Neural networks with a hidden layer of neurons are useful for recognition tasks, where we desire a certain pattern of output signals for a certain pattern of input signals.

Question 17

A robot must not only gather sensory information, but filter out the possibly vast amount of data its surroundings might present to it.

Question 18

A neuron is a cell capable of receiving stimuli, in the form of electrochemical signals, from other neurons through its many dendrites.

Question 19

In some areas of the brain, an individual neuron may collect signals from as many as 100,000 other neurons and send signals to equally large number of other neurons.

Question 20

Cause and effect relationships are translated into "what if" statements.

Question 21

Graphical representation of information is also known as "pictorial".

Question 22

Computers fall below humans where there seems to be a high level of complexity and ambiguity.

Question 23

A(n) ____ approach for a solution path traces all branches of the state-space graph so that all possible choices are tested and no test cases are repeated.

A) heuristic
B) push technology
C) intelligent
D) brute force

Question 24

____ is the study of how we as humans think and learn.

A) Artificial intelligence
B) Cognitive science
C) Social science
D) Neuroscience

Question 25

The ____ test tests to see if a machine exhibits behavior indistinguishable from a human.

A) computer intelligence
B) AI
C) Turing
D) cognitive

Question 26

A(n) ____ is a form of software technology that is designed to interact collaboratively with a user somewhat in the mode of a personal assistant.

A) intelligent agent
B) wizard
C) knowledge-based system
D) rule-based system

Question 27

The term ____ means the language of formal logic.

A) graphical scheme
B) natural language
C) logic scheme
D) formal language

Question 28

A ____ for a binary search reflects the fact that if the current item is not the target, there are only two next choices: the midpoint of the sublist before the node or the midpoint of the sublist after the node.

A) decision tree
B) connectionist architecture
C) solution path
D) back propagation algorithm

Question 29

Building a machine that can beat a human at chess is definitively the supreme test of artificial of intelligence.

Question 30

____ is the branch of computer science that explores techniques for incorporating aspects of intelligence into computer systems.

A) Internet technology
B) Neural networks
C) Database technology
D) Artificial intelligence

Question 31

A ____ takes us from the initial state to a winning configuration, and the graph nodes along the way represent the intermediate configurations.

A) heuristic
B) brute force approach
C) solution path
D) state-space graph

Question 32

Intelligent searching involves applying some ____ to evaluate the differences between the present state and the goal state, and to move us to a new state that minimizes those differences.

A) heuristic
B) brute force
C) swarm intelligence
D) back propagation

Question 33

A(n) ____ contains facts about a specific subject domain in order to narrow the scope to some manageable size.

A) explanation facility
B) modus ponens
C) knowledge base
D) intelligent agent

Question 34

The ____ causes the network to settle into a stable state where it can correctly respond, to any desired degree of accuracy, to all inputs in the training set.

A) back propagation algorithm
B) decision tree
C) connectionist architecture
D) solution path

Question 35

With the ever-lower cost of massively parallel networks, it appears that neural networks will continue to find new applications.

Question 36

A ____ for a search algorithm illustrates the possible next choices of items to search if the current item is not the target.

A) back propagation algorithm
B) connectionist architecture
C) training data
D) decision tree

Question 37

The term ____ means "method of assertion."

A) QED
B) forward chaining
C) knowledge engineering
D) modus ponens

Question 38

A(n) ____ attempts to mimic the human ability to engage pertinent facts and string them together in a logical fashion to reach some conclusion.

A) inference engine
B) back propagation system
C) intelligent agent
D) rule-based system

Question 39

Any knowledge representation scheme we select must be relatively easy to extend and include new knowledge in.

Question 40

A(n) ____ must contain the following components: a knowledge base and an inference engine.

A) intelligent agent
B) rule-based system
C) wizard
D) forward chaining system

Question 41

We seek to perform a(n) ____ to find a solution path through the graph.

A) decision tree search
B) state-space search
C) graph traversal
D) intelligent search

Question 42

A neural network is presented with ____, for which the correct outputs are known.

A) training data
B) base data
C) correct information
D) weights

Question 43

____ is a well-known humanoid robot built by Honda Motor Company.

A) ROBOTO
B) ISSAC
C) ASIMO
D) CIVIC

Question 44

The human brain uses a ____ architecture, characterized by a large number of simple "processors" with multiple interconnections.

A) neural
B) network
C) connectionist
D) Victorian

Question 45

____ begins with assertions and tries to match those assertions to the "if" clauses of rules.

A) Decision making
B) Backward chaining
C) Knowledge engineering
D) Forward chaining

Question 46

A ____ is a graph with nodes and connecting nodes used to represent information.

A) knowledge scheme
B) neural network
C) semantic net
D) connection architecture

Question 47

The ____ intelligence model captures the behavior of an ant colony by using simple agents that operate independently.

A) brute-force
B) heuristic
C) swarm
D) cognitive

Question 48

The ____ uses heuristic algorithms to allow a robot to respond directly to stimuli from its environment without filtering through some line of reasoning based on its internal understanding of that environment.

A) reactive strategy
B) proactive strategy
C) deliberative strategy
D) explanation facility

Question 49

At periodic time intervals, ____ technology personalizes information on your screen.

A) search engine
B) push
C) spider
D) wizard

Question 50

A(n) ____ is an assistant service that comes with some desktop office software.

A) personalized Web server
B) agent
C) personal assistant
D) wizard