Deck 2: The Ecology of the West and South, 1865-1900

Question 1

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the racial-classification system in the West

Answer 1

Answer not provided

Question 2

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
Zitkala-Sa

Answer 2

Answer not provided

Question 3

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
decline of salmon

Answer 3

Answer not provided

Question 4

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
George Manypenny and Helen Hunt Jackson

Question 5

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
women and nonwhites in frontier society

Question 6

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the Women's National Indian Association and the Indian Rights Association

Question 7

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the Timber and Stone Act

Question 8

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the Exodusters

Question 9

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
Indian subsistence cultures

Question 10

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the Massacre at Wounded Knee

Question 11

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the Ghost Dance

Question 12

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the Dawes Severalty Act

Question 13

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the home mission movement

Question 14

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
Buffalo Bill

Question 15

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the mining frontier

Question 16

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the Clapp rider to the Indian appropriations bill

Question 17

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the Battle of Little Big Horn

Question 18

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
slaughter of the buffalo

Question 19

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the government's Indian school system

Question 20

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
mining and lumber communities

Question 21

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
California irrigation legislation of 1887

Question 22

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the ranching frontier

Question 23

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
standard time zones

Question 24

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the conservation movement

Question 25

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the long drive

Question 26

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
open range ranching

Question 27

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
life on the Plains

Question 28

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
grasshopper plagues

Question 29

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
mechanization of agriculture

Question 30

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
George Washington Carver

Question 31

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the Clanton family and Johnny Ringo

Question 32

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the Newlands Reclamation Act

Question 33

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the omnibus bill of 1889

Question 34

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the principle of riparian rights versus the doctrine of prior appropriation

Question 35

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the shootout at the OK Corral

Question 36

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the Hatch Act of 1887

Question 37

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
mail-order companies and Rural Free Delivery

Question 38

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the Earp brothers, "Bat" Masterson, and "Doc" Holliday

Question 39

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
the Morrill Land Grant Acts of 1862 and 1890

Question 40

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
dry farming

Question 41

One can conclude from the experience of the Navajo that

A) unity among the Indian tribes of a particular region could prevent white encroachment on Indian lands
B) the federal government actively attempted to protect Indian cultures from aggressive white settlers
C) some Indians were able to retain their traditional culture by refusing to trade with whites
D) the economic power of whites increasingly placed Indians in a dependent and thus weakened position

Question 42

The economies of all of the western Indian tribes were based to some extent on four activities Three such activities were trading and raiding; crop growing; and hunting, fishing, and gathering What was the fourth?

A) Mining
B) Weaving
C) Livestock raising
D) Manufacturing

Question 43

New South

Question 44

In decisions handed down in 1884 and 1886, the Supreme Court held that Indians

A) could have their own independent military force to protect their reservations against white encroachment
B) could not be relegated to reservations against their will
C) were protected by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments
D) were not citizens of the United States

Question 45

Which of the following was a result of the Clapp rider to the Indian appropriations bill of 1906?

A) Many Indians who were declared to be of mixed blood were duped into signing away their land to white speculators
B) Indian reservations began to establish their own military force
C) After receiving training in scientific farming, many Indians gained economic independence
D) The United States Army began to safeguard Indian reservations and Indian treaty rights

Question 46

In the 1880s, the American conscience was aroused concerning the treatment of Indians by

A) Looking Backward
B) A Century of Dishonor
C) Wings of the Dove
D) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Question 47

Everyday life for Indians on the Great Plains centered on

A) the buffalo
B) deer
C) sheep
D) horses

Question 48

The most common crop raised by the western Indian tribes was

A) alfalfa
B) rye
C) wheat
D) corn

Question 49

In attempting to change the sexual division of labor within western Indian tribes, reformers sometimes caused

A) Indian women to lose economic independence
B) Indian women to gain far more power over the family and over their daily lives
C) warfare between tribal factions
D) a breakdown of the political systems of western tribes

Question 50

Prior to the 1880s the federal government believed that Indians could best be civilized by

A) Christianizing them
B) relegating them to reservations
C) democratizing tribal government
D) teaching them the concepts of capitalism

Question 51

Life for Indians of the Northwest centered on

A) salmon
B) trade with whites
C) sheep
D) corn

Question 52

Most whites associated with Indian reform groups of the 1880s believed that

A) Indians could never be successfully assimilated into American society
B) Indian cultures should be protected and preserved
C) Indians could succeed in American society only if they adopted middle-class values
D) Indians should be protected from white encroachment by the United States Army

Question 53

In the Southwest, the Navajo placed great value on

A) deer
B) buffalo
C) sheep
D) elk

Question 54

Which of the following was a consequence of the reservation policy of the US government?

A) It led to the assimilation of most western Indians into mainstream American culture
B) It weakened Indian culture
C) It allowed Indians the independence they needed to protect and preserve their way of life
D) It increased the possibility of unity among Indians and thus of violence against whites

Question 55

crop lien system

Question 56

Cigarette factory

Question 57

Which of the following factors was instrumental in breaking Indian resistance against whites?

A) Weakening of tribal power due to assimilation into white society
B) Relentless pursuit of Indians by US soldiers
C) Large military engagements that decimated the Indian male population
D) The tireless work of white missionaries and teachers

Question 58

Instructions:
Identify each item Give an explanation or description of the item Answer the questions who, what, where, and when
Explain the historical significance of each item Establish the historical context in which the item exists Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?
barbed wire

Question 59

The Dawes Severalty Act was based on the belief that

A) Indians should be allowed to participate actively in decisions concerning their future
B) by establishing reservations as enclaves protected from white encroachment, Indian culture could be preserved
C) families headed by men were the desired model for all societies
D) Indians could best be assimilated into mainstream American society by teaching them the skills necessary to become factory workers

Question 60

In 1890, agents of the federal government attempted to

A) suppress traditional Indian religions such as the Ghost Dance
B) encourage factory and railroad construction near Indian reservations
C) make Indians responsible for educating their own children
D) deal with Indians through their tribes rather than as individuals

Question 61

Which of the following was used by white settlers in the frontier communities of the West to control labor and social relations?

A) Race
B) Education
C) Marital status
D) Religion

Question 62

Which of the following was the key to the granting of statehood to Utah in 1896?

A) The army won a final decisive victory over hostile Indians
B) Democratic congressmen realized that Utah's voters were solidly in their camp
C) Non-Mormons gained control of the state
D) The Mormons agreed to give up polygamy

Question 63

California became the nation's leader in irrigated acreage largely as a result of

A) skills learned by white settlers from Native Americans
B) the creation of water divisions that regulated water rights
C) the passage of a state law that allowed farmers to organize irrigation districts
D) a law declaring the rivers of the state to be public property subject to state supervision

Question 64

In 1883, four standard time zones for the nation were established by

A) the president
B) the railroads
C) the army
D) Congress

Question 65

The rapid development of railroads in the United States was accomplished

A) in large measure through the investment of European banking firms
B) exclusively through the support of large numbers of small investors
C) with the help of some of the largest government subsidies ever granted
D) almost totally through the investment of a handful of shrewd millionaires

Question 66

Provisions of the Newlands Reclamation Act provide evidence of which of the following?

A) The federal government was more interested in conserving the nation's natural resources than in maintaining control over those resources
B) The federal government attempted to impose the principle of riparian rights on individuals who purchased western public lands
C) The federal government was unwilling to assume the power to regulate water development in the West, thus leaving such power to the states
D) The federal government actively aided the agricultural development of the West

Question 67

The first Americans of northern European ancestry to practice extensive irrigation were

A) the Vikings
B) the Mormons
C) the Puritans
D) the Quakers

Question 68

Which of the following was the primary purpose of laws against miscegenation passed by western state legislatures?

A) To prevent white males from marrying Indian women
B) To prevent intermarriage between white women and Indian men
C) To prevent intermarriage between white women and men of Asian descent
D) To prevent white males from marrying Hispanic women

Question 69

Nationwide standardization of time became a necessity for which of the following reasons?

A) In the event of a national emergency, the military needed to be assured of a regularity of time from place to place
B) Railroad scheduling required that there be a regularity of time from place to place
C) Monetary transactions undertaken by the nation's leading financial institutions required a regularity of time from place to place
D) The transfer of raw materials to factories and finished products to consumers requires a regularity of time from place to place

Question 70

The ideas associated with prior appropriation fostered the attitude that

A) access to water belonged to the person to claim it
B) water, unlike other natural resources, may not be held and used as private property
C) only people who live along the banks of rivers and streams may appropriate from the water's flow
D) the natural beauty of the rivers and streams must be protected from corporate greed

Question 71

As a result of the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902,

A) farmers in the West were allowed to organize into irrigation districts and operate irrigation projects
B) proceeds from the sale of western public lands would be used to finance irrigation projects
C) the federal government transferred all of its public-domain lands in California to the state
D) western farmers intending an economically productive use of river water were given the right to appropriation

Question 72

Which of the following was the first national park in the United States?

A) Yosemite National Park
B) Yellowstone National Park
C) Crater Lake National Park
D) Glacier National Park

Question 73

Most individual prospectors who discovered veins of precious metal

A) mined their claims by themselves
B) sold their claims to mining syndicates
C) mined their claims with a few friends
D) were denied their claims due to government fraud

Question 74

This person was a leading figure in the early conservation movement and advocated that Congress give President Harrison the authority to create forest reserves

A) Moses E Clapp
B) Helen Hunt Jackson
C) Johnny Ringo
D) John Muir

Question 75

Which of the following was true of the Exodusters who migrated from the South to Kansas in the late 1870s?

A) They were white sharecroppers who were recruited to move to Kansas by the Kansas Farmers' Alliance
B) Their move was subsidized by southern state governments, which were encouraging African Americans to leave the South
C) Some of them were former slaves
D) They were drawn to Kansas by promises of jobs in the construction of the transcontinental railroad

Question 76

Which of the following ended up being the primary beneficiary of the Timber and Stone Act of 1878?

A) Lumber companies
B) Southern freedmen
C) Unemployed miners
D) Recent immigrants

Question 77

For which of the following reasons did the federal government refuse to transfer public domain lands to the states?

A) Such transfers were ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
B) Such transfers would raise the question of who would regulate waterways that ran through more than one state
C) Such transfers would deny the federal government the power to control water and land conservation
D) The federal government feared that such transfers would lead to ecological problems associated with practices such as strip mining

Question 78

Which of the following is true of the early conservation movement?

A) The early conservation movement met little opposition in the West because the people there felt close to nature
B) Because the need for conservation was so clear, the movement met little opposition in any part of the nation
C) The movement and its leaders were subjected to nationwide ridicule
D) Opposition to the movement was strongest in the West

Question 79

Most whites who migrated to the West and the Great Plains did so for which of the following reasons?

A) They wanted to Christianize the native peoples
B) They were lured there by mining syndicates and lumber companies that promised high-paying jobs
C) They wanted to profit from the region's natural resources
D) They were supposed to conduct government-financed agricultural research

Question 80

Which of the following is true of women in the West?

A) Through the home mission movement many women helped sustain family and community life
B) Virtually all of the women who moved to the West in the late nineteenth century were prostitutes
C) They were usually single and moved to the West to establish their own economic independence
D) Like most males, women who moved to the West were individual prospectors and received financial backing from eastern banks