Deck 7: The Preschool Years Early Childhood Emotional and Social Development

Question 1

Preschoolers are largely unaware that their life experiences are closely tied to the economic conditions of their families.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

__________ is not one of the four goals of misbehavior.​

A) ​Attention seeking
B) ​Power
C) ​Loneliness
D) ​Revenge

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Diane misbehaves and her father feels like giving up. Diane's goal of misbehavior is likely​

A) ​attention.
B) ​power.
C) ​revenge.
D) ​inadequacy.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to interpretivist theory, all of the following are true of children's socialization except that​

A) ​children are active in their own socialization.
B) ​progress can be measured by how closely children resemble adults.
C) ​it is a collective process.
D) ​it should be studied via ethnographic methods.

Question 5

Authoritarian parenting styles result in children who trust authority and are secure in expressing their feelings.

Question 6

Public-service childcare centers are available to all families living below the poverty line.

Question 7

An only child is never dethroned.

Question 8

Adler believed all of the following except that​

A) ​behavior is goal directed.
B) ​children want to belong and contribute.
C) ​behavior is primarily directed by the unconscious.
D) ​a person's lifestyle is profoundly affected by childhood experiences.

Question 9

No one is required to report suspicions of child abuse because it might put the child in more danger.

Question 10

The primary advantage of providing child care in one's own home is​

A) ​you really don't need an adult as long as the children learn to lock the door.
B) ​you minimize your fuel costs.
C) ​the child is in a familiar setting.
D) ​you can write your mortgage off as an educational expense.

Question 11

All of the following are consistent with research on the relationship of culture and play except that​

A) ​differences in cultural backgrounds can make it difficult for children to sustain certain types of play.
B) ​there is a great need for more research on the relationship of play and culture.
C) ​the universality of how children play house points to the biological base of gender roles.
D) ​playing with children from different cultures may help individuals increase their understanding of their own culture.

Question 12

Emotionally competent children are aware of their own and other's emotions and can regulate their emotional responses.

Question 13

From research on parenting styles we can conclude that​

A) ​Chinese parents are the best.
B) ​U.S. parents are the best.
C) ​without formal training individuals will never be successful parents.
D) ​evaluating parental styles requires an appreciation of the broader cultural context within which the family is operating.

Question 14

Vertical stressors include developmental transitions such as a child entering adolescence.

Question 15

Cohesion refers to how close or distant family members feel themselves to be, and flexibility refers to the amount of structure in a family.

Question 16

Jason misbehaves and his teacher feels annoyed. Jason's goal of misbehavior is likely​

A) ​attention.
B) ​power.
C) ​revenge.
D) ​inadequacy.

Question 17

According to Erikson, failure to resolve a stage crisis will​

A) ​result in emotional reactivity.
B) ​inhibit resolution of future stages.
C) ​enhance psychosocial development.
D) ​have little effect on a preschool-age child.

Question 18

The four goals of misbehavior are attention seeking, power, revenge, and inadequacy.

Question 19

There is a great deal of research on mania in preschool-aged children.

Question 20

The concept "access ritual" refers to​

A) ​secret handshakes children learn in kindergarten.
B) ​unlocking the secrets of adulthood.
C) ​children's efforts to join already existing play groups.
D) ​the learned ability to use a house key.

Question 21

Explain Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage.

Question 22

__________ is a vertical stressor.​

A) ​Long-term poverty
B) ​War
C) ​Unexpected death
D) ​Economic downturn

Question 23

__________ is(are) a horizontal stressor.​

A) ​Communication styles
B) ​Long-term poverty
C) ​Familial behavior patterns
D) ​Unexpected death of a young person

Question 24

Explain and give an example of each of the goals of misbehavior. What can be done to address a child acting toward each of these goals?

Question 25

A child who misbehaves out of revenge can be helped through​

A) ​natural consequences and relationship building.
B) ​harsh punishment.
C) ​isolation.
D) ​spanking.

Question 26

The most common form of child abuse is​

A) ​physical abuse.
B) ​sexual abuse.
C) ​neglect.
D) ​emotional abuse.

Question 27

Jim's family is very structured and the members are very distant from one another. They have rules that are never relaxed, and they don't like change. Jim's family is likely​

A) ​enmeshed and chaotic.
B) ​rigid and disengaged.
C) ​disengaged and chaotic.
D) ​enmeshed and rigid.

Question 28

Very little research has been done on the diagnosis of mental disorders in early childhood, yet the use of psychotropic medication with this population continues to rise. What are the hazards associated with using existing diagnostic models and medications (developed for older children and adults) on young children? How might these models be adapted for use with preschool-age children? Should they be?

Question 29

Choose one of the following perspectives and discuss how it would explain sex and gender role development during the preschool years: biological, psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive, interpretivist.

Question 30

All of the following are TRUE about a second-born child who becomes a middle child except​

A) ​he or she seeks to be different from the first born.
B) ​he or she can feel lost and insignificant.
C) ​he or she can feel competitive.
D) ​he or she relates better to adults than to peers.

Question 31

The most common mental illness diagnosed in preschool children is​

A) ​depression.
B) ​conduct disorder.
C) ​oppositional defiant disorder.
D) ​attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 32

__________ children can begin or halt behaviors based on contextual cues.​

A) ​Reactive
B) ​Construct-driven
C) ​Self-regulated
D) ​Submissive

Question 33

Many students consider discussions concerning theoretical perspectives to be a waste of time. Why is theory important? Thinking specifically of gender, how might different theoretical perspectives be useful in understanding (and changing) gender expectations?

Question 34

A child who misbehaves to achieve power can be helped by​

A) ​engaging in a power struggle.
B) ​being given everything he or she demands.
C) ​being given reasonable choices, set by the parent.
D) ​being ignored.

Question 35

Development of language allows children to identify and express their emotions, thereby developing __________, which is necessary for determining appropriate responses in various contexts.​

A) ​emotional competence
B) ​emotional reactivity
C) ​emotional discontinuity
D) ​emotional vulnerability