Deck 4: BTA Certified Blockchain Solution Architect

Question 1

In the Ethereum EVM there are two types of memory areas. (Select two.)

A) Storage
B) Database
C) Memory
D) Persistent
E) Ephemeral

Answer 1

A,C

Question 2

The gas price is a value set by the creator of the blockchain transaction? Select best answer.

A) false
B) Its Negotiable
C) true

Answer 2

C
Explanation: The gas price is a value set by the creator of the transaction, who has to pay gas_price * gas up front from the sending account. If some gas is left after the execution, it is refunded in the same way. If the gas is used up at any point (i.e. it is negative), an out-of-gas exception is triggered, which reverts all modifications made to the state in the current call frame.

Question 3

You currently using the Metamask Chrome plugin and you see a selection for Etherescan in the plugin. What is Etherscan used for?

A) A search engine that allows users to easily lookup, confirm and validate transaction that have taken place on the Ethereum Blockchain
B) A search engine that allows users to easily lookup, confirm and validate transaction that have taken place on the Bitcoin Blockchain
C) A search engine that allows users to easily lookup, confirm and validate transaction that have taken place on the Ethereum and Tokens Blockchain
D) A search engine that allows users to easily lookup, confirm and validate transaction that have taken place on any Blockchain

Answer 3

A
Explanation: A search engine that allows users to easily lookup, confirm and validate transactions that have taken place on the Ethereum Blockchain

Question 4

Regarding Ethereum contracts, the contracts can call (perform) two specific message calls. The message calls are either _____________ or __________? (Select two.)

A) Bitcoin nodes
B) Send Ether to non-contract
C) DApps
D) Other contracts
E) Ether Nodes

Question 5

Which of the following would NOT be true about what a smart contract gives your organization?

A) Accuracy
B) Savings
C) Autonomy
D) Trust
E) Legal Assurance

Question 6

A ____________cipher basically means it is using a fixed key which replaces the message with a pseudorandom string of characters. It is basically the encryption of each letter one at a time. What is the cipher type?

A) Stream
B) Block
C) Parallel
D) RSA

Question 7

In the EVM every account has a persistent key-value store mapping 256-bit words to 256-bit words called ________

A) Gas
B) Space
C) Storage
D) Datastore
E) Database

Question 8

Contracts live on the blockchain in an Ethereum-specific binary format called _____________?

A) EOS
B) EVM Code
C) Ether
D) Gas
E) EVM Bytecode

Question 9

You are considering writing smart contracts and there are a few different languages you can consider. (Select two.)

A) Truffle
B) Serpent
C) Solidity
D) Embark

Question 10

Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-256) output is always 256 bits or 32 bytes in length regardless of the length of the input (even if input is millions of bytes). Select best answer.

A) NSA is spying on us so what's it matters.
B) Depends on input
C) false
D) true

Question 11

Which of the following blockchain is NOT a permissioned blockchain?

A) Quantum
B) Ethereum
C) R3 Corda
D) Ripple
E) Hyperledger

Question 12

What blockchain is considered Blockchain 1.0, the first blockchain?

A) Bitcoin Cash
B) Ethereum
C) Litecoin
D) Bitcoin
E) NEO

Question 13

The key difference between encryption and hashing is that encrypted strings can be reversed back into their original decrypted form if you have the right key?

Question 14

Vitalik Buterin referred to this concept of trust beyond just currency as 'smart contracts' or even blockchain-based "decentralized autonomous organizations" (DAOs). Ethereum is considered Blockchain version?

A) 2.0
B) 4.0
C) 3.0
D) 1.0

Question 15

In the Bitcoin blockchain the "block creation time" is set to 10 minutes and this can never change.

Question 16

What type of attack would be considered a very large flaw in public blockchains such as Bitcoin's Blockchain where the majority of hashpower could possibly be controlled thru an attack? What is the specific attack Bitcoin could be exposed to?

A) 51% Attacks
B) Tether Token Hack
C) DDoS Attack
D) BIP attack
E) Parity Wallet Attack

Question 17

R3 Corda does not organize time into blocks. What does Corda actually perform and use?

A) Ripple is implemented as the blockchain and XRP for cryptocurrency.
B) Notary services and timesmapping
C) R3 Corda is a blockchain and does use blocks
D) Notary services and timestamping

Question 18

What are two cryptocurrencies that you would expect to see mining equipment with ASICS? (Select two.)

A) Bitcoin
B) Ethereum
C) Neo
D) Litecoin
E) Monero

Question 19

The___________________ is the runtime environment for smart contracts in Ethereum?

A) Metamask
B) Ether
C) Mist
D) EVM

Question 20

Ethereum is considered to be a ______________type of blockchain.

A) Permissionless
B) Permission Based
C) Hybrid
D) Private

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT considered a token?

A) ICON
B) LTC
C) Golem
D) EOS

Question 22

______________is supposed to be the constant cost of network resources/utilization in the Ethereum blockchain? What is the constant?

A) Wei
B) Tether
C) Gas
D) Ether

Question 23

The Hyperledger Fabric business network is divided into three categories. What are the three categories? (Select three.)

A) Membership
B) Chaincode
C) Networking
D) EVM
E) Blockchain

Question 24

You are using Truffle for an Ethereum contract and would like to use a default set of contracts and tests from within an empty project directory. What is the syntax?

A) truffle defaults
B) truffle init
C) truffle test
D) truffle compile

Question 25

Every node needs to keep track of time AND it needs to be in synch with its other peer nodes on the blockchain. In Bitcoin for example the current median for time is around?

A) 7 minutes
B) 7 seconds
C) 17 seconds
D) 70 Minutes
E) 70 Seconds

Question 26

Ethereum has a metric system of denominations used as units of ether. What is the smallest denomination of Ether?

A) Kwei
B) Shannon
C) Wei
D) Finney

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of an enterprise blockchain typically?

A) Append-only distributed system of record shared across business network
B) Cost efficient blockchain
C) Transactions are endorsed by relevant participants
D) Ensuring appropriate visibility; transactions are secure, authenticated & verifiable

Question 28

In Hyperledger Fabric, the smart contract logic is also called by two other names _______________ and ______________? (Select two.)

A) CordApps
B) DApps
C) Programmatic Logic
D) Ripple
E) Chaincode
F) Ledger

Question 29

Which of the following enterprise blockchains have a pluggable framework consensus algo? (Select two.)

A) Quorum
B) R3 Corda
C) Ethereum
D) Hyperledger Fabric
E) Ripple

Question 30

The block creation time is set to how many minutes in Bitcoin? 

A) 1
B) 10
C) 120
D) 100
E) 15
F) 150

Question 31

You have flown to NYC to have a discussion with a technical executive of a too big to fail bank. You are having a discussion about blockchain algos and the customer is asking what are some disadvantages of using a POW algo?

A) Centralization of blockchain control
B) Only use case for computational power is blockchain
C) Large expenditures for computational power
D) Not profitable for miners
E) 51% attack mitigation

Question 32

How many peers in the network need to endorse a transaction in a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain?

A) The number of peers required to endorse a transaction is driven by the IAM policy that is specified by the ledger.
B) The number of peers required to endorse a transaction is driven by the endorsement policy that is specified by the DApps.
C) The number of peers required to endorse a transaction is driven by the endorsement policy that is specified by the ledger.
D) The number of peers required to endorse a transaction is driven by the endorsement policy that is specified at chaincode deployment time.

Question 33

You are using Geth and you would like to list the accounts controlled by the node. What is the command?

A) geth list accounts
B) geth account node list
C) geth account node
D) geth account list

Question 34

Which of the following blockchain key components state how the transactions will be confirmed?

A) Distributed Ledger database
B) Validity Rules
C) Consensus Algorithm
D) Encryption

Question 35

What is diagram referencing below?

A) AND Gate
B) XOR Gate
C) OXR Gate
D) NAND Gate

Question 36

You are trying to generate a random number in Ethereum blockchain. What is the best way?

A) Wikipedia
B) Coindesk
C) Coinbase
D) Randao
E) ERC20

Question 37

What are two reasons that you would consider implementing a POW algo in your blockchain? (Select two.)

A) PoW imposes no limits on actions in the network and therefore can thwart attacks better than other algos due to high cost
B) What matters is to have large computational power to solve the puzzles and form new blocks over having a financial stake.
C) PoW imposes some limits on actions in the network and therefore can thwart attacks better than other algos due to high cost
D) The algo is energy efficient compared to POS and BFT
E) The algo is energy efficient compared to POS and DPOS

Question 38

When considering tokens on the Ethereum Blockchain what is the main difference between ERC20 and ERC721 tokens?

A) No difference on Ethereum all tokens are fungible
B) ERC20 is not fungible while ERC721 tokens are fungible
C) ERC721 is not fungible while ERC20 tokens are fungible
D) No difference on Ethernet all tokens are not fungible

Question 39

Gas has multiple associated terms with it: Gas Prices, Gas Cost, Gas Limit, and Gas Fees. The principle behind Gas is to have a stable value for how much a transaction or computation costs on the Ethereum network. Which is considered to be the static value for how much a computation costs in terms of Gas?

A) Price
B) Fee
C) Cost
D) Limit

Question 40

Is it possible to access the blockchain via an Ethereum Node?

A) Yes
B) No

Question 41

The CA (Fabric CA by default) issues a ______________ to each member (organization or individual) that is authorized to join the network.

A) rootCert
B) tCert
C) eCert
D) NodeCert

Question 42

In Ethereum a block contains two very important parameters. (Select two.)

A) Difficulty
B) Release date
C) Block number
D) Timestamp

Question 43

Select the best statement for determining how consensus is reached.

A) By the miner nodes which make sure that a transaction is valid.
B) By a cryptographic secure signature algorithm called ECDSA which makes sure that cheating is impossible.
C) By every single node in the blockchain network different transactions.
D) By every single node in the blockchain network executing the same transaction.

Question 44

What is provided by the Hyperledger Fabric to facilitate network communications?

A) API
B) SDK
C) Ruby
D) Middleware

Question 45

Composer Modeling Language is an object-oriented modeling language that defines the domain model for a business network definition. The modeling language is saved as a __________ file.

A) .json
B) .go
C) .txt
D) .ico
E) .cto

Question 46

When developing in Ethereum which is considered to be an In-Memory Blockchain simulations for rapid development?

A) Cpp-ethereum
B) Geth
C) TestRPC
D) Parity

Question 47

In regards to understanding the Ethereum Virtual Machine what statement is true?

A) The EVM is extremely powerful, non-turing complete and perfect for doing computational intensive thins, because of the direct access to the graphics card.
B) The EVM is extremely powerful, turing complete and perfect for doing computational intensive things, because of the direct access to the graphics card.
C) While the EVM is Sandboxed, it isn't as powerful as the Bitcoin network, because it's not Turing Complete
D) The EVM can't access hardware layers or anything outside a blockchain node because it's sandboxed.

Question 48

Fabric Ledger has two specific parts. Select answer with the proper two parts.

A) State Data, Transactional Data
B) State Data, Transaction logs
C) LevelIDb, CouchDB
D) Transaction Logs, CouchDB

Question 49

Ethereum currently uses the ___________Consensus Algo and in the future it is planned to go to the __________Consensus Algo?

A) PoW, DPoS
B) PoW, PoS
C) PoS, PoW
D) DPoS, PoW

Question 50

Hyperledger Composer has two main components. What are the two components? (Select two.)

A) Fabric
B) Sawtooth
C) Playground
D) Explorer
E) Business Network Archive
F) SDK

Question 51

Bitcoin implemented Byzantine Fault Tolerance through a system named:

A) Authenticated Encryption
B) Proof of Work
C) PBKDF2
D) None of the above

Question 52

What consensus algo uses a method of sending coins to an address where they cannot be retrieved?

A) Proof of Stake
B) Proof of Activity
C) Proof of Burn
D) Proof of Sending

Question 53

Chaincode Services uses Docker to host (deploy) the chaincode without relying on any virtual machine or computer language. What would be the main reason or best reason that Hyperledger chose containers over virtual machines?

A) Docker provides a secured, lightweight method to sandbox chaincode execution that is not "locked down".
B) Docker provides a secured, lightweight method to sandbox chaincode execution that is not "locked down" but additional programming languages cannot be enabled.
C) Docker provides a secured, lightweight method to sandbox chaincode execution that is "locked down".
D) Docker is fully compatible with Hyperledger and Linux with an upgrade subscription.

Question 54

The fabric framework is implemented on ______programming language. What programming language?

A) Go
B) Python
C) Node.js
D) Java
E) JS

Question 55

Hyperledger can best be described as a ____________________?

A) Blockchain that exclusively supports PoS Consensus
B) Permissionless blockchain
C) Token
D) Blockchain that exclusively supports PoW Consensus
E) Umbrella collaboration of open source blockchains

Question 56

What benefit does HPE Cloud Cruiser provide?

A) Need for proven, production-ready technology
B) Need a full history of all application data
C) Require top-notch performance
D) Need to avoid data duplication or redundancy

Question 57

Which is the right order for Ethereum Denominations?

A) Finney, Szabo, Mether, Wei
B) Gwei, Szabo, Finney, Ether
C) Finney, Szabo, Mether, Gwei
D) Wei, Finney, Szabo, Ether, Tether

Question 58

What is the difference in using Go-Ethereum over Ganache?

A) Can automate builds with Go Ethereum but you can't with Ganache
B) Go Ethereum is written in Java whereas Ganache is written in Golang
C) Go Ethereum is real blockchain whereas Ganache is a blockchain simulation
D) Ganache is a real blockchain whereas Go Ethereum is a blockchain simulation

Question 59

When you are developing with Fabric Composer which of the following is true?

A) Decreases the time of development
B) Simplifies the development of applications
C) Simplifies the integration of client applications
D) Increases the time of development

Question 60

In what year did a whitepaper that was published by "Satoshi Nakamoto" outlined a solution to the Byzantine Generals problem?

A) 2006
B) 2009
C) 2008
D) 2010

Question 61

How does a client app communicate with Hyperledger fabric chaincode (Smart Contracts)?

A) The app uses an SDK which invokes functionality on the chaincode which then announces the transaction to any peers required to endorse the transaction
B) The app uses Hyperledger Composer to communicate with CouchDB which in turn invokes chaincode functionality
C) Client apps don't communicate with Hyperledger fabric directly, they must use Hyperledger Composer for the transmission
D) The app points to a node's IP address, then calls an invoke function on the chaincode address to start the write process

Question 62

On the Ethereum blockchain the "nonce" of a transaction:

A) Holds the gas amount to be paid to the miner writing the block that contains the transaction
B) Is used to ensure that transactions by a given account are written in sequential order
C) Is reset to zero after each successfully mined blocked
D) Must always start with four zeroes

Question 63

Blockchain systems assume all parties are trusted by all other parties in the exchange or ecosystem.

Question 64

To interact with a deployed Ethereum Smart Contract, a user or app must:

A) Have a reference to the public address of the deployed Smart Contract
B) Have the appropriate permissions needed to invoke the functions of the Smart Contract
C) Have sufficient gas to perform read and write operations against the Smart Contract
D) All of the above

Question 65

Which of these is the name of a well known open source peer-to-peer hypermedia distributes file system?

A) FileBlocks
B) Hyperbole
C) FileDropper TM FileDropper TM
D) IPFS

Question 66

By design, permissioned blockchains such as Hyperledger Fabric are not capable of creating or utilizing cryptocurrency.

Question 67

What does the acronym DAO represent?

A) Distributed Autonomous Operations
B) Distributed Anonymous Organization
C) Distributed Anonymous Operations
D) Decentralized Autonomous Organization

Question 68

If a Proof of Work blockchain such a s Bitcoin or Ethereum changed to a Proof of Stake consensus paradigm, which key component of the Proof of Work process would be eliminated?

A) There would be no need for the miners or nodes to perform a guessing game
B) The need to solve Byzantine Fault Tolerance
C) All fees related to transactions would be removed
D) The blockchain network would no longer have to display public transactions

Question 69

Adding more nodes to a blockchain network has which effect?

A) Increased centralization
B) Increased security
C) Decreased costs
D) Increased performance

Question 70

Which of these reasons is a good reason to choose a conventional database over blockchain to store application data?

A) Centralization is to be avoided
B) Databases should never be used over blockchain
C) Full history is needed for all data
D) High performance is required

Question 71

One critical business consideration you must account for when choosing Hyperledger Fabric over Ethereum is:

A) Who you will have host the nodes and how will you deploy the network
B) If your blockchain will use Proof of Work or Proof of Stake
C) Which cryptographic algorithms Hyperledger Fabric employs
D) How you will implement your own gas/fee system

Question 72

Which of the following scenarios and databases is least suited to be utilized by a blockchain solution?

A) Scenario: Law enforcement system; Dataset: Criminal Arrests, Warrants for Arrest, Conviction Date
B) Scenario: An Email campaign service; Dataset: Recipient Email, From Email; Subject, Body
C) Scenario: A family filter wifi router; Dataset: Websites Visited, Websites Blocked, Download History
D) Scenario: Credit score app; Dataset: Credit Score, Hard Inquiries; Collections, Date Removed, Date Added

Question 73

Proof of Stake based blockchain systems use what design to permit valid write transactions?

A) A genesis "Stake" node approves or disapproves transactions announced from other nodes
B) Validator nodes each give or pay a stake in order to write transactions, and if malicious, will lose their stake
C) Stakeholders or early product investors host nodes that approve or disapprove transactions from other nodes
D) Every node on the network holds an equal stake, and if malicious, gets flagged for removal

Question 74

The word "Drapp" or "DApp" is most commonly understood to mean what?

A) Distributed Application
B) Distributed Apps and Programs
C) Decentralized Application
D) Distributed Autonomous Application

Question 75

Public blockchains can alter the blockchain ledger by:

A) Creating a hard fork of the blockchain data, tooling and/or software
B) Achieving community consensus via a Smart Contract to update the ledger
C) Re-hashing the blocks from the total block height down to the genesis block
D) Blockchain ledgers are immutable and can never be altered

Question 76

Which of these technical components best represents why cryptocurrency is able to operate successfully?

A) An immutable digital ledger that is validated and distributed across many peers
B) Using API calls, cryptocurrency having a direct correlation to USD exchange rates
C) High performance computing power allows cryptocurrency to be minted just as a central government might do with fiat currency
D) Blockchain cryptocurrency transactions are always public which generates user trust and adoption

Question 77

The first actual known blockchain software implementation and deployment occurred:

A) In 1991 by Stuart Haber
B) In 2011 Markus Persson
C) In 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto
D) In 1991 by Linus Torvalds

Question 78

Which factor influences the gas cost to deploy a Smart Contact on the Ethereum blockchain?

A) None. Smart Contract deployment has a fixed gas cost
B) The types of operations written in code within the Smart Contract
C) The current Ethereum market conditions
D) The total size of the complied Smart Contract measured in kilobytes

Question 79

Blockchain systems can offer what advantage over centralized systems?

A) They are much easier to maintain and update
B) They have significantly higher transaction speeds
C) Their distributed ledger systems are more secure and immutable
D) All of the above

Question 80

Some of the various consensus models employed by public blockchain networks include:

A) Proof of Work
B) Proof of Importance
C) Proof of Stake
D) All of the above