Deck 5: Certified Information Privacy Technologist (CIPT)

Question 1

Which of the following is considered a records management best practice?

A) Archiving expired data records and files.
B) Storing decryption keys with their associated backup systems.
C) Implementing consistent handling practices across all record types.
D) Using classification to determine access rules and retention policy.

Answer 1

Using classification to determine access rules and retention policy.

Question 2

SCENARIO Kyle is a new security compliance manager who will be responsible for coordinating and executing controls to ensure compliance with the company's information security policy and industry standards. Kyle is also new to the company, where collaboration is a core value. On his first day of new-hire orientation, Kyle's schedule included participating in meetings and observing work in the IT and compliance departments. Kyle spent the morning in the IT department, where the CIO welcomed him and explained that her department was responsible for IT governance. The CIO and Kyle engaged in a conversation about the importance of identifying meaningful IT governance metrics. Following their conversation, the CIO introduced Kyle to Ted and Barney. Ted is implementing a plan to encrypt data at the transportation level of the organization's wireless network. Kyle would need to get up to speed on the project and suggest ways to monitor effectiveness once the implementation was complete. Barney explained that his short-term goals are to establish rules governing where data can be placed and to minimize the use of offline data storage. Kyle spent the afternoon with Jill, a compliance specialist, and learned that she was exploring an initiative for a compliance program to follow self-regulatory privacy principles. Thanks to a recent internship, Kyle had some experience in this area and knew where Jill could find some support. Jill also shared results of the company's privacy risk assessment, noting that the secondary use of personal information was considered a high risk. By the end of the day, Kyle was very excited about his new job and his new company. In fact, he learned about an open position for someone with strong qualifications and experience with access privileges, project standards board approval processes, and application-level obligations, and couldn't wait to recommend his friend Ben who would be perfect for the job. Which of the following should Kyle recommend to Jill as the best source of support for her initiative?

A) Investors.
B) Regulators.
C) Industry groups.
D) Corporate researchers.

Answer 2

Industry groups.

Question 3

What is the main function of a breach response center?

A) Detecting internal security attacks.
B) Addressing privacy incidents.
C) Providing training to internal constituencies.
D) Interfacing with privacy regulators and governmental bodies.

Answer 3

Addressing privacy incidents.

Question 4

What was the first privacy framework to be developed?

A) OECD Privacy Principles.
B) Generally Accepted Privacy Principles.
C) Code of Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs).
D) The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Privacy Framework.

Question 5

How does k-anonymity help to protect privacy in micro data sets?

A) By ensuring that every record in a set is part of a group of "k" records having similar identifying information.
B) By switching values between records in order to preserve most statistics while still maintaining privacy.
C) By adding sufficient noise to the data in order to hide the impact of any one individual.
D) By top-coding all age data above a value of "k."

Question 6

How should the sharing of information within an organization be documented?

A) With a binding contract.
B) With a data flow diagram.
C) With a disclosure statement.
D) With a memorandum of agreement.

Question 7

Which of the following is considered a client-side IT risk?

A) Security policies focus solely on internal corporate obligations.
B) An organization increases the number of applications on its server.
C) An employee stores his personal information on his company laptop.
D) IDs used to avoid the use of personal data map to personal data in another database.

Question 8

SCENARIO Carol was a U.S.-based glassmaker who sold her work at art festivals. She kept things simple by only accepting cash and personal checks. As business grew, Carol couldn't keep up with demand, and traveling to festivals became burdensome. Carol opened a small boutique and hired Sam to run it while she worked in the studio. Sam was a natural salesperson, and business doubled. Carol told Sam, "I don't know what you are doing, but keep doing it!" But months later, the gift shop was in chaos. Carol realized that Sam needed help so she hired Jane, who had business expertise and could handle the back-office tasks. Sam would continue to focus on sales. Carol gave Jane a few weeks to get acquainted with the artisan craft business, and then scheduled a meeting for the three of them to discuss Jane's first impressions. At the meeting, Carol could not wait to hear Jane's thoughts, but she was unprepared for what Jane had to say. "Carol, I know that he doesn't realize it, but some of Sam's efforts to increase sales have put you in a vulnerable position. You are not protecting customers' personal information like you should." Sam said, "I am protecting our information. I keep it in the safe with our bank deposit. It's only a list of customers' names, addresses and phone numbers that I get from their checks before I deposit them. I contact them when you finish a piece that I think they would like. That's the only information I have! The only other thing I do is post photos and information about your work on the photo sharing site that I use with family and friends. I provide my email address and people send me their information if they want to see more of your work. Posting online really helps sales, Carol. In fact, the only complaint I hear is about having to come into the shop to make a purchase." Carol replied, "Jane, that doesn't sound so bad. Could you just fix things and help us to post even more online?" 'I can," said Jane. "But it's not quite that simple. I need to set up a new program to make sure that we follow the best practices in data management. And I am concerned for our customers. They should be able to manage how we use their personal information. We also should develop a social media strategy." Sam and Jane worked hard during the following year. One of the decisions they made was to contract with an outside vendor to manage online sales. At the end of the year, Carol shared some exciting news. "Sam and Jane, you have done such a great job that one of the biggest names in the glass business wants to buy us out! And Jane, they want to talk to you about merging all of our customer and vendor information with theirs beforehand." What type of principles would be the best guide for Jane's ideas regarding a new data management program?

A) Collection limitation principles.
B) Vendor management principles.
C) Incident preparedness principles.
D) Fair Information Practice Principles

Question 9

Granting data subjects the right to have data corrected, amended, or deleted describes?

A) Use limitation.
B) Accountability.
C) A security safeguard
D) Individual participation

Question 10

Which of the following statements describes an acceptable disclosure practice?

A) An organization's privacy policy discloses how data will be used among groups within the organization itself.
B) With regard to limitation of use, internal disclosure policies override contractual agreements with third parties.
C) Intermediaries processing sensitive data on behalf of an organization require stricter disclosure oversight than vendors.
D) When an organization discloses data to a vendor, the terms of the vendor' privacy notice prevail over the organization' privacy notice.

Question 11

SCENARIO Carol was a U.S.-based glassmaker who sold her work at art festivals. She kept things simple by only accepting cash and personal checks. As business grew, Carol couldn't keep up with demand, and traveling to festivals became burdensome. Carol opened a small boutique and hired Sam to run it while she worked in the studio. Sam was a natural salesperson, and business doubled. Carol told Sam, "I don't know what you are doing, but keep doing it!" But months later, the gift shop was in chaos. Carol realized that Sam needed help so she hired Jane, who had business expertise and could handle the back-office tasks. Sam would continue to focus on sales. Carol gave Jane a few weeks to get acquainted with the artisan craft business, and then scheduled a meeting for the three of them to discuss Jane's first impressions. At the meeting, Carol could not wait to hear Jane's thoughts, but she was unprepared for what Jane had to say. "Carol, I know that he doesn't realize it, but some of Sam's efforts to increase sales have put you in a vulnerable position. You are not protecting customers' personal information like you should." Sam said, "I am protecting our information. I keep it in the safe with our bank deposit. It's only a list of customers' names, addresses and phone numbers that I get from their checks before I deposit them. I contact them when you finish a piece that I think they would like. That's the only information I have! The only other thing I do is post photos and information about your work on the photo sharing site that I use with family and friends. I provide my email address and people send me their information if they want to see more of your work. Posting online really helps sales, Carol. In fact, the only complaint I hear is about having to come into the shop to make a purchase." Carol replied, "Jane, that doesn't sound so bad. Could you just fix things and help us to post even more online?" 'I can," said Jane. "But it's not quite that simple. I need to set up a new program to make sure that we follow the best practices in data management. And I am concerned for our customers. They should be able to manage how we use their personal information. We also should develop a social media strategy." Sam and Jane worked hard during the following year. One of the decisions they made was to contract with an outside vendor to manage online sales. At the end of the year, Carol shared some exciting news. "Sam and Jane, you have done such a great job that one of the biggest names in the glass business wants to buy us out! And Jane, they want to talk to you about merging all of our customer and vendor information with theirs beforehand." Which regulator has jurisdiction over the shop's data management practices?

A) The Federal Trade Commission.
B) The Department of Commerce.
C) The Data Protection Authority.
D) The Federal Communications Commission.

Question 12

SCENARIO Kyle is a new security compliance manager who will be responsible for coordinating and executing controls to ensure compliance with the company's information security policy and industry standards. Kyle is also new to the company, where collaboration is a core value. On his first day of new-hire orientation, Kyle's schedule included participating in meetings and observing work in the IT and compliance departments. Kyle spent the morning in the IT department, where the CIO welcomed him and explained that her department was responsible for IT governance. The CIO and Kyle engaged in a conversation about the importance of identifying meaningful IT governance metrics. Following their conversation, the CIO introduced Kyle to Ted and Barney. Ted is implementing a plan to encrypt data at the transportation level of the organization's wireless network. Kyle would need to get up to speed on the project and suggest ways to monitor effectiveness once the implementation was complete. Barney explained that his short-term goals are to establish rules governing where data can be placed and to minimize the use of offline data storage. Kyle spent the afternoon with Jill, a compliance specialist, and learned that she was exploring an initiative for a compliance program to follow self-regulatory privacy principles. Thanks to a recent internship, Kyle had some experience in this area and knew where Jill could find some support. Jill also shared results of the company's privacy risk assessment, noting that the secondary use of personal information was considered a high risk. By the end of the day, Kyle was very excited about his new job and his new company. In fact, he learned about an open position for someone with strong qualifications and experience with access privileges, project standards board approval processes, and application-level obligations, and couldn't wait to recommend his friend Ben who would be perfect for the job. Ted's implementation is most likely a response to what incident?

A) Encryption keys were previously unavailable to the organization's cloud storage host.
B) Signatureless advanced malware was detected at multiple points on the organization's networks.
C) Cyber criminals accessed proprietary data by running automated authentication attacks on the organization's network.
D) Confidential information discussed during a strategic teleconference was intercepted by the organization's top competitor.

Question 13

A user who owns a resource wants to give other individuals access to the resource. What control would apply?

A) Mandatory access control.
B) Role-based access controls.
C) Discretionary access control.
D) Context of authority controls.

Question 14

Which is NOT a suitable method for assuring the quality of data collected by a third-party company?

A) Verifying the accuracy of the data by contacting users.
B) Validating the company's data collection procedures.
C) Introducing erroneous data to see if its detected.
D) Tracking changes to data through auditing.

Question 15

Which is NOT a suitable action to apply to data when the retention period ends?

A) Aggregation.
B) De-identification.
C) Deletion.
D) Retagging.

Question 16

Which Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) privacy protection principle encourages an organization to obtain an individual s consent before transferring personal information?

A) Individual participation.
B) Purpose specification.
C) Collection limitation.
D) Accountability.

Question 17

What must be done to destroy data stored on "write once read many" (WORM) media?

A) The data must be made inaccessible by encryption.
B) The erase function must be used to remove all data.
C) The media must be physically destroyed.
D) The media must be reformatted.

Question 18

What is the distinguishing feature of asymmetric encryption?

A) It has a stronger key for encryption than for decryption.
B) It employs layered encryption using dissimilar methods.
C) It uses distinct keys for encryption and decryption.
D) It is designed to cross operating systems.

Question 19

Which of the following became a foundation for privacy principles and practices of countries and organizations across the globe?

A) The Personal Data Ordinance.
B) The EU Data Protection Directive.
C) The Code of Fair Information Practices.
D) The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Privacy Principles.

Question 20

What is the most important requirement to fulfill when transferring data out of an organization?

A) Ensuring the organization sending the data controls how the data is tagged by the receiver.
B) Ensuring the organization receiving the data performs a privacy impact assessment.
C) Ensuring the commitments made to the data owner are followed.
D) Extending the data retention schedule as needed.

Question 21

SCENARIO It should be the most secure location housing data in all of Europe, if not the world. The Global Finance Data Collective (GFDC) stores financial information and other types of client data from large banks, insurance companies, multinational corporations and governmental agencies. After a long climb on a mountain road that leads only to the facility, you arrive at the security booth. Your credentials are checked and checked again by the guard to visually verify that you are the person pictured on your passport and national identification card. You are led down a long corridor with server rooms on each side, secured by combination locks built into the doors. You climb a flight of stairs and are led into an office that is lighted brilliantly by skylights where the GFDC Director of Security, Dr. Monique Batch, greets you. On the far wall you notice a bank of video screens showing different rooms in the facility. At the far end, several screens show different sections of the road up the mountain Dr. Batch explains once again your mission. As a data security auditor and consultant, it is a dream assignment: The GFDC does not want simply adequate controls, but the best and most effective security that current technologies allow. "We were hacked twice last year," Dr. Batch says, "and although only a small number of records were stolen, the bad press impacted our business. Our clients count on us to provide security that is nothing short of impenetrable and to do so quietly. We hope to never make the news again." She notes that it is also essential that the facility is in compliance with all relevant security regulations and standards. You have been asked to verify compliance as well as to evaluate all current security controls and security measures, including data encryption methods, authentication controls and the safest methods for transferring data into and out of the facility. As you prepare to begin your analysis, you find yourself considering an intriguing question: Can these people be sure that I am who I say I am? You are shown to the office made available to you and are provided with system login information, including the name of the wireless network and a wireless key. Still pondering, you attempt to pull up the facility's wireless network, but no networks appear in the wireless list. When you search for the wireless network by name, however it is readily found. Why would you recommend that GFC use record encryption rather than disk, file or table encryption?

A) Record encryption is asymmetric, a stronger control measure.
B) Record encryption is granular, limiting the damage of potential breaches.
C) Record encryption involves tag masking, so its metadata cannot be decrypted
D) Record encryption allows for encryption of personal data only.

Question 22

SCENARIO You have just been hired by Ancillary.com, a seller of accessories for everything under the sun, including waterproof stickers for pool floats and decorative bands and cases for sunglasses. The company sells cell phone cases, e-cigarette cases, wine spouts, hanging air fresheners for homes and automobiles, book ends, kitchen implements, visors and shields for computer screens, passport holders, gardening tools and lawn ornaments, and catalogs full of health and beauty products. The list seems endless. As the CEO likes to say, Ancillary offers, without doubt, the widest assortment of low-price consumer products from a single company anywhere. Ancillary's operations are similarly diverse. The company originated with a team of sales consultants selling home and beauty products at small parties in the homes of customers, and this base business is still thriving. However, the company now sells online through retail sites designated for industries and demographics, sites such as "My Cool Ride" for automobile-related products or "Zoomer" for gear aimed toward young adults. The company organization includes a plethora of divisions, units and outrigger operations, as Ancillary has been built along a decentered model rewarding individual initiative and flexibility, while also acquiring key assets. The retail sites seem to all function differently, and you wonder about their compliance with regulations and industry standards. Providing tech support to these sites is also a challenge, partly due to a variety of logins and authentication protocols. You have been asked to lead three important new projects at Ancillary: The first is the personal data management and security component of a multi-faceted initiative to unify the company's culture. For this project, you are considering using a series of third- party servers to provide company data and approved applications to employees. The second project involves providing point of sales technology for the home sales force, allowing them to move beyond paper checks and manual credit card imprinting. Finally, you are charged with developing privacy protections for a single web store housing all the company's product lines as well as products from affiliates. This new omnibus site will be known, aptly, as "Under the Sun." The Director of Marketing wants the site not only to sell Ancillary's products, but to link to additional products from other retailers through paid advertisements. You need to brief the executive team of security concerns posed by this approach. Which should be used to allow the home sales force to accept payments using smartphones?

A) Field transfer protocol.
B) Cross-current translation.
C) Near-field communication
D) Radio Frequency Identification

Question 23

What is the main function of the Amnesic Incognito Live System or TAILS device?

A) It allows the user to run a self-contained computer from a USB device.
B) It accesses systems with a credential that leaves no discernable tracks.
C) It encrypts data stored on any computer on a network.
D) It causes a system to suspend its security protocols.

Question 24

What is a main benefit of data aggregation?

A) It is a good way to perform analysis without needing a statistician.
B) It applies two or more layers of protection to a single data record.
C) It allows one to draw valid conclusions from small data samples.
D) It is a good way to achieve de-identification and unlinkabilty.

Question 25

What is the potential advantage of homomorphic encryption?

A) Encrypted information can be analyzed without decrypting it first.
B) Ciphertext size decreases as the security level increases.
C) It allows greater security and faster processing times.
D) It makes data impenetrable to attacks.

Question 26

Under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), releasing personally identifiable information from a student's educational record requires written permission from the parent or eligible student in order for information to be?

A) Released to a prospective employer.
B) Released to schools to which a student is transferring.
C) Released to specific individuals for audit or evaluation purposes.
D) Released in response to a judicial order or lawfully ordered subpoena.

Question 27

SCENARIO You have just been hired by Ancillary.com, a seller of accessories for everything under the sun, including waterproof stickers for pool floats and decorative bands and cases for sunglasses. The company sells cell phone cases, e-cigarette cases, wine spouts, hanging air fresheners for homes and automobiles, book ends, kitchen implements, visors and shields for computer screens, passport holders, gardening tools and lawn ornaments, and catalogs full of health and beauty products. The list seems endless. As the CEO likes to say, Ancillary offers, without doubt, the widest assortment of low-price consumer products from a single company anywhere. Ancillary's operations are similarly diverse. The company originated with a team of sales consultants selling home and beauty products at small parties in the homes of customers, and this base business is still thriving. However, the company now sells online through retail sites designated for industries and demographics, sites such as "My Cool Ride" for automobile-related products or "Zoomer" for gear aimed toward young adults. The company organization includes a plethora of divisions, units and outrigger operations, as Ancillary has been built along a decentered model rewarding individual initiative and flexibility, while also acquiring key assets. The retail sites seem to all function differently, and you wonder about their compliance with regulations and industry standards. Providing tech support to these sites is also a challenge, partly due to a variety of logins and authentication protocols. You have been asked to lead three important new projects at Ancillary: The first is the personal data management and security component of a multi-faceted initiative to unify the company's culture. For this project, you are considering using a series of third- party servers to provide company data and approved applications to employees. The second project involves providing point of sales technology for the home sales force, allowing them to move beyond paper checks and manual credit card imprinting. Finally, you are charged with developing privacy protections for a single web store housing all the company's product lines as well as products from affiliates. This new omnibus site will be known, aptly, as "Under the Sun." The Director of Marketing wants the site not only to sell Ancillary's products, but to link to additional products from other retailers through paid advertisements. You need to brief the executive team of security concerns posed by this approach. If you are asked to advise on privacy concerns regarding paid advertisements, which is the most important aspect to cover?

A) Unseen web beacons that combine information on multiple users.
B) Latent keys that trigger malware when an advertisement is selected.
C) Personal information collected by cookies linked to the advertising network.
D) Sensitive information from Structured Query Language (SQL) commands that may be exposed.

Question 28

SCENARIO It should be the most secure location housing data in all of Europe, if not the world. The Global Finance Data Collective (GFDC) stores financial information and other types of client data from large banks, insurance companies, multinational corporations and governmental agencies. After a long climb on a mountain road that leads only to the facility, you arrive at the security booth. Your credentials are checked and checked again by the guard to visually verify that you are the person pictured on your passport and national identification card. You are led down a long corridor with server rooms on each side, secured by combination locks built into the doors. You climb a flight of stairs and are led into an office that is lighted brilliantly by skylights where the GFDC Director of Security, Dr. Monique Batch, greets you. On the far wall you notice a bank of video screens showing different rooms in the facility. At the far end, several screens show different sections of the road up the mountain Dr. Batch explains once again your mission. As a data security auditor and consultant, it is a dream assignment: The GFDC does not want simply adequate controls, but the best and most effective security that current technologies allow. "We were hacked twice last year," Dr. Batch says, "and although only a small number of records were stolen, the bad press impacted our business. Our clients count on us to provide security that is nothing short of impenetrable and to do so quietly. We hope to never make the news again." She notes that it is also essential that the facility is in compliance with all relevant security regulations and standards. You have been asked to verify compliance as well as to evaluate all current security controls and security measures, including data encryption methods, authentication controls and the safest methods for transferring data into and out of the facility. As you prepare to begin your analysis, you find yourself considering an intriguing question: Can these people be sure that I am who I say I am? You are shown to the office made available to you and are provided with system login information, including the name of the wireless network and a wireless key. Still pondering, you attempt to pull up the facility's wireless network, but no networks appear in the wireless list. When you search for the wireless network by name, however it is readily found. What measures can protect client information stored at GFDC?

A) De-linking of data into client-specific packets.
B) Cloud-based applications.
C) Server-side controls.
D) Data pruning

Question 29

What is the term for information provided to a social network by a member?

A) Profile data.
B) Declared data.
C) Personal choice data.
D) Identifier information.

Question 30

SCENARIO Wesley Energy has finally made its move, acquiring the venerable oil and gas exploration firm Lancelot from its long-time owner David Wilson. As a member of the transition team, you have come to realize that Wilson's quirky nature affected even Lancelot's data practices, which are maddeningly inconsistent. "The old man hired and fired IT people like he was changing his necktie," one of Wilson's seasoned lieutenants tells you, as you identify the traces of initiatives left half complete. For instance, while some proprietary data and personal information on clients and employees is encrypted, other sensitive information, including health information from surveillance testing of employees for toxic exposures, remains unencrypted, particularly when included within longer records with less-sensitive data. You also find that data is scattered across applications, servers and facilities in a manner that at first glance seems almost random. Among your preliminary findings of the condition of data at Lancelot are the following: Cloud technology is supplied by vendors around the world, including firms that you have not heard of. You are told by a former Lancelot employee that these vendors operate with divergent security requirements and protocols. The company's proprietary recovery process for shale oil is stored on servers among a variety of less-sensitive information that can be accessed not only by scientists, but by personnel of all types at most company locations. DES is the strongest encryption algorithm currently used for any file. Several company facilities lack physical security controls, beyond visitor check-in, which familiar vendors often bypass. Fixing all of this will take work, but first you need to grasp the scope of the mess and formulate a plan of action to address it. Which procedure should be employed to identify the types and locations of data held by Wesley Energy?

A) Privacy audit.
B) Log collection
C) Data inventory.
D) Data classification.

Question 31

Which is NOT a way to validate a person's identity?

A) Swiping a smartcard into an electronic reader.
B) Using a program that creates random passwords.
C) Answering a question about "something you know".
D) Selecting a picture and tracing a unique pattern on it

Question 32

SCENARIO You have just been hired by Ancillary.com, a seller of accessories for everything under the sun, including waterproof stickers for pool floats and decorative bands and cases for sunglasses. The company sells cell phone cases, e-cigarette cases, wine spouts, hanging air fresheners for homes and automobiles, book ends, kitchen implements, visors and shields for computer screens, passport holders, gardening tools and lawn ornaments, and catalogs full of health and beauty products. The list seems endless. As the CEO likes to say, Ancillary offers, without doubt, the widest assortment of low-price consumer products from a single company anywhere. Ancillary's operations are similarly diverse. The company originated with a team of sales consultants selling home and beauty products at small parties in the homes of customers, and this base business is still thriving. However, the company now sells online through retail sites designated for industries and demographics, sites such as "My Cool Ride" for automobile-related products or "Zoomer" for gear aimed toward young adults. The company organization includes a plethora of divisions, units and outrigger operations, as Ancillary has been built along a decentered model rewarding individual initiative and flexibility, while also acquiring key assets. The retail sites seem to all function differently, and you wonder about their compliance with regulations and industry standards. Providing tech support to these sites is also a challenge, partly due to a variety of logins and authentication protocols. You have been asked to lead three important new projects at Ancillary: The first is the personal data management and security component of a multi-faceted initiative to unify the company's culture. For this project, you are considering using a series of third- party servers to provide company data and approved applications to employees. The second project involves providing point of sales technology for the home sales force, allowing them to move beyond paper checks and manual credit card imprinting. Finally, you are charged with developing privacy protections for a single web store housing all the company's product lines as well as products from affiliates. This new omnibus site will be known, aptly, as "Under the Sun." The Director of Marketing wants the site not only to sell Ancillary's products, but to link to additional products from other retailers through paid advertisements. You need to brief the executive team of security concerns posed by this approach. What technology is under consideration in the first project in this scenario?

A) Server driven controls.
B) Cloud computing
C) Data on demand
D) MAC filtering

Question 33

What tactic does pharming use to achieve its goal?

A) It modifies the user's Hosts file.
B) It encrypts files on a user's computer.
C) It creates a false display advertisement.
D) It generates a malicious instant message.

Question 34

SCENARIO It should be the most secure location housing data in all of Europe, if not the world. The Global Finance Data Collective (GFDC) stores financial information and other types of client data from large banks, insurance companies, multinational corporations and governmental agencies. After a long climb on a mountain road that leads only to the facility, you arrive at the security booth. Your credentials are checked and checked again by the guard to visually verify that you are the person pictured on your passport and national identification card. You are led down a long corridor with server rooms on each side, secured by combination locks built into the doors. You climb a flight of stairs and are led into an office that is lighted brilliantly by skylights where the GFDC Director of Security, Dr. Monique Batch, greets you. On the far wall you notice a bank of video screens showing different rooms in the facility. At the far end, several screens show different sections of the road up the mountain Dr. Batch explains once again your mission. As a data security auditor and consultant, it is a dream assignment: The GFDC does not want simply adequate controls, but the best and most effective security that current technologies allow. "We were hacked twice last year," Dr. Batch says, "and although only a small number of records were stolen, the bad press impacted our business. Our clients count on us to provide security that is nothing short of impenetrable and to do so quietly. We hope to never make the news again." She notes that it is also essential that the facility is in compliance with all relevant security regulations and standards. You have been asked to verify compliance as well as to evaluate all current security controls and security measures, including data encryption methods, authentication controls and the safest methods for transferring data into and out of the facility. As you prepare to begin your analysis, you find yourself considering an intriguing question: Can these people be sure that I am who I say I am? You are shown to the office made available to you and are provided with system login information, including the name of the wireless network and a wireless key. Still pondering, you attempt to pull up the facility's wireless network, but no networks appear in the wireless list. When you search for the wireless network by name, however it is readily found. What type of wireless network does GFDC seem to employ?

A) A hidden network.
B) A reluctant network.
C) A user verified network.
D) A wireless mesh network.

Question 35

What is the main reason the Do Not Track (DNT) header is not acknowledged by more companies?

A) Most web browsers incorporate the DNT feature.
B) The financial penalties for violating DNT guidelines are too high.
C) There is a lack of consensus about what the DNT header should mean.
D) It has been difficult to solve the technological challenges surrounding DNT.

Question 36

What has been identified as a significant privacy concern with chatbots?

A) Most chatbot providers do not agree to code audits
B) Chatbots can easily verify the identity of the contact.
C) Users' conversations with chatbots are not encrypted in transit.
D) Chatbot technology providers may be able to read chatbot conversations with users.

Question 37

All of the following can be indications of a ransomware attack EXCEPT?

A) The inability to access certain files.
B) An increased amount of spam email in an individual's inbox.
C) An increase in activity of the CPU of a computer for no apparent reason.
D) The detection of suspicious network communications between the ransomware and the attacker's command and control servers.

Question 38

Which is NOT a drawback to using a biometric recognition system?

A) It can require more maintenance and support.
B) It can be more expensive than other systems
C) It has limited compatibility across systems.
D) It is difficult for people to use.

Question 39

Revocation and reissuing of compromised credentials is impossible for which of the following authentication techniques?

A) Biometric data.
B) Picture passwords.
C) Personal identification number.
D) Radio frequency identification.

Question 40

What is the main benefit of using a private cloud?

A) The ability to use a backup system for personal files.
B) The ability to outsource data support to a third party.
C) The ability to restrict data access to employees and contractors.
D) The ability to cut costs for storing, maintaining, and accessing data.

Question 41

What would be an example of an organization transferring the risks associated with a data breach?

A) Using a third-party service to process credit card transactions.
B) Encrypting sensitive personal data during collection and storage
C) Purchasing insurance to cover the organization in case of a breach.
D) Applying industry standard data handling practices to the organization' practices.

Question 42

Which activity would best support the principle of data quality?

A) Providing notice to the data subject regarding any change in the purpose for collecting such data.
B) Ensuring that the number of teams processing personal information is limited.
C) Delivering information in a format that the data subject understands.
D) Ensuring that information remains accurate.

Question 43

SCENARIO WebTracker Limited is a cloud-based online marketing service located in London. Last year, WebTracker migrated its IT infrastructure to the cloud provider AmaZure, which provides SQL Databases and Artificial Intelligence services to WebTracker. The roles and responsibilities between the two companies have been formalized in a standard contract, which includes allocating the role of data controller to WebTracker. The CEO of WebTracker, Mr. Bond, would like to assess the effectiveness of AmaZure's privacy controls, and he recently decided to hire you as an independent auditor. The scope of the engagement is limited only to the marketing services provided by WebTracker, you will not be evaluating any internal data processing activity, such as HR or Payroll. This ad-hoc audit was triggered due to a future partnership between WebTracker and SmartHome - a partnership that will not require any data sharing. SmartHome is based in the USA, and most recently has dedicated substantial resources to developing smart refrigerators that can suggest the recommended daily calorie intake based on DNA information. This and other personal data is collected by WebTracker. To get an idea of the scope of work involved, you have decided to start reviewing the company's documentation and interviewing key staff to understand potential privacy risks. The results of this initial work include the following notes: There are several typos in the current privacy notice of WebTracker, and you were not able to find the privacy notice for SmartHome. You were unable to identify all the sub-processors working for SmartHome. No subcontractor is indicated in the cloud agreement with AmaZure, which is responsible for the support and maintenance of the cloud infrastructure. There are data flows representing personal data being collected from the internal employees of WebTracker, including an interface from the HR system. Part of the DNA data collected by WebTracker was from employees, as this was a prototype approved by the CEO of WebTracker. All the WebTracker and SmartHome customers are based in USA and Canada. Based on the initial assessment and review of the available data flows, which of the following would be the most important privacy risk you should investigate first?

A) Verify that WebTracker's HR and Payroll systems implement the current privacy notice (after the typos are fixed).
B) Review the list of subcontractors employed by AmaZure and ensure these are included in the formal agreement with WebTracker.
C) Evaluate and review the basis for processing employees' personal data in the context of the prototype created by WebTracker and approved by the CEO.
D) Confirm whether the data transfer from London to the USA has been fully approved by AmaZure and the appropriate institutions in the USA and the European Union.

Question 44

SCENARIO Clean-Q is a company that offers house-hold and office cleaning services. The company receives requests from consumers via their website and telephone, to book cleaning services. Based on the type and size of service, Clean-Q then contracts individuals that are registered on its resource database - currently managed in-house by Clean-Q IT Support. Because of Clean-Q's business model, resources are contracted as needed instead of permanently employed. The table below indicates some of the personal information Clean-Q requires as part of its business operations: Clean-Q has an internal employee base of about 30 people. A recent privacy compliance exercise has been conducted to align employee data management and human resource functions with applicable data protection regulation. Therefore, the Clean-Q permanent employee base is not included as part of this scenario. With an increase in construction work and housing developments, Clean-Q has had an influx of requests for cleaning services. The demand has overwhelmed Clean-Q's traditional supply and demand system that has caused some overlapping bookings. In a business strategy session held by senior management recently, Clear-Q invited vendors to present potential solutions to their current operational issues. These vendors included Application developers and cloud solution providers, presenting their proposed solutions and platforms. The Managing Director opted to initiate the process to integrate Clean-Q's operations with a cloud solution (LeadOps) that will provide the following solution one single online platform: A web interface that Clean-Q accesses for the purposes of resource and customer management. This would entail uploading resource and customer information. A customer facing web interface that enables customers to register, manage and submit cleaning service requests online. A resource facing web interface that enables resources to apply and manage their assigned jobs. An online payment facility for customers to pay for services. If Clean-Q were to utilize LeadOps' services, what is a contract clause that may be included in the agreement entered into with LeadOps?

A) A provision that holds LeadOps liable for a data breach involving Clean-Q's information.
B) A provision prescribing technical and organizational controls that LeadOps must implement.
C) A provision that requires LeadOps to notify Clean-Q of any suspected breaches of information that involves customer or resource information managed on behalf of Clean-Q.
D) A provision that allows Clean-Q to conduct audits of LeadOps' information processing and information security environment, at LeadOps' cost and at any time that Clean-Q requires.

Question 45

A sensitive biometrics authentication system is particularly susceptible to?

A) False positives.
B) False negatives.
C) Slow recognition speeds.
D) Theft of finely individualized personal data.

Question 46

What distinguishes a "smart" device?

A) It can perform multiple data functions simultaneously.
B) It is programmable by a user without specialized training.
C) It can reapply access controls stored in its internal memory.
D) It augments its intelligence with information from the internet.

Question 47

What is the main reason a company relies on implied consent instead of explicit consent from a user to process her data?

A) The implied consent model provides the user with more detailed data collection information.
B) To secure explicit consent, a user's website browsing would be significantly disrupted.
C) An explicit consent model is more expensive to implement.
D) Regulators prefer the implied consent model.

Question 48

SCENARIO Tom looked forward to starting his new position with a U.S -based automobile leasing company (New Company), now operating in 32 states. New Company was recently formed through the merger of two prominent players, one from the eastern region (East Company) and one from the western region (West Company). Tom, a Certified Information Privacy Technologist (CIPT), is New Company's first Information Privacy and Security Officer. He met today with Dick from East Company, and Harry, from West Company. Dick and Harry are veteran senior information privacy and security professionals at their respective companies, and continue to lead the east and west divisions of New Company. The purpose of the meeting was to conduct a SWOT (strengths/weaknesses/opportunities/threats) analysis for New Company. Their SWOT analysis conclusions are summarized below. Dick was enthusiastic about an opportunity for the New Company to reduce costs and increase computing power and flexibility through cloud services. East Company had been contemplating moving to the cloud, but West Company already had a vendor that was providing it with software-as-a-service (SaaS). Dick was looking forward to extending this service to the eastern region. Harry noted that this was a threat as well, because West Company had to rely on the third party to protect its data. Tom mentioned that neither of the legacy companies had sufficient data storage space to meet the projected growth of New Company, which he saw as a weakness. Tom stated that one of the team's first projects would be to construct a consolidated New Company data warehouse. Tom would personally lead this project and would be held accountable if information was modified during transmission to or during storage in the new data warehouse. Tom, Dick and Harry agreed that employee network access could be considered both a strength and a weakness. East Company and West Company had strong performance records in this regard; both had robust network access controls that were working as designed. However, during a projected year-long transition period, New Company employees would need to be able to connect to a New Company network while retaining access to the East Company and West Company networks. Which statement is correct about addressing New Company stakeholders' expectations for privacy?

A) New Company should expect consumers to read the company's privacy policy.
B) New Company should manage stakeholder expectations for privacy even when the stakeholders' data is not held by New Company.
C) New Company would best meet consumer expectations for privacy by adhering to legal requirements.
D) New Company's commitment to stakeholders ends when the stakeholders' data leaves New Company.

Question 49

Which of the following is an example of the privacy risks associated with the Internet of Things (loT)?

A) A group of hackers infiltrate a power grid and cause a major blackout.
B) An insurance company raises a person's rates based on driving habits gathered from a connected car.
C) A website stores a cookie on a user's hard drive so the website can recognize the user on subsequent visits.
D) A water district fines an individual after a meter reading reveals excess water use during drought conditions.

Question 50

What is the best way to protect privacy on a geographic information system?

A) Limiting the data provided to the system.
B) Using a wireless encryption protocol.
C) Scrambling location information.
D) Using a firewall.

Question 51

SCENARIO Clean-Q is a company that offers house-hold and office cleaning services. The company receives requests from consumers via their website and telephone, to book cleaning services. Based on the type and size of service, Clean-Q then contracts individuals that are registered on its resource database - currently managed in-house by Clean-Q IT Support. Because of Clean-Q's business model, resources are contracted as needed instead of permanently employed. The table below indicates some of the personal information Clean-Q requires as part of its business operations: Clean-Q has an internal employee base of about 30 people. A recent privacy compliance exercise has been conducted to align employee data management and human resource functions with applicable data protection regulation. Therefore, the Clean-Q permanent employee base is not included as part of this scenario. With an increase in construction work and housing developments, Clean-Q has had an influx of requests for cleaning services. The demand has overwhelmed Clean-Q's traditional supply and demand system that has caused some overlapping bookings. In a business strategy session held by senior management recently, Clear-Q invited vendors to present potential solutions to their current operational issues. These vendors included Application developers and cloud solution providers, presenting their proposed solutions and platforms. The Managing Director opted to initiate the process to integrate Clean-Q's operations with a cloud solution (LeadOps) that will provide the following solution one single online platform: A web interface that Clean-Q accesses for the purposes of resource and customer management. This would entail uploading resource and customer information. A customer facing web interface that enables customers to register, manage and submit cleaning service requests online. A resource facing web interface that enables resources to apply and manage their assigned jobs. An online payment facility for customers to pay for services. Which question would you most likely ask to gain more insight about LeadOps and provide practical privacy recommendations?

A) What is LeadOps' annual turnover?
B) How big is LeadOps' employee base?
C) Where are LeadOps' operations and hosting services located?
D) Does LeadOps practice agile development and maintenance of their system?

Question 52

SCENARIO Carol was a U.S.-based glassmaker who sold her work at art festivals. She kept things simple by only accepting cash and personal checks. As business grew, Carol couldn't keep up with demand, and traveling to festivals became burdensome. Carol opened a small boutique and hired Sam to run it while she worked in the studio. Sam was a natural salesperson, and business doubled. Carol told Sam, "I don't know what you are doing, but keep doing it!" But months later, the gift shop was in chaos. Carol realized that Sam needed help so she hired Jane, who had business expertise and could handle the back-office tasks. Sam would continue to focus on sales. Carol gave Jane a few weeks to get acquainted with the artisan craft business, and then scheduled a meeting for the three of them to discuss Jane's first impressions. At the meeting, Carol could not wait to hear Jane's thoughts, but she was unprepared for what Jane had to say. "Carol, I know that he doesn't realize it, but some of Sam's efforts to increase sales have put you in a vulnerable position. You are not protecting customers' personal information like you should." Sam said, "I am protecting our information. I keep it in the safe with our bank deposit. It's only a list of customers' names, addresses and phone numbers that I get from their checks before I deposit them. I contact them when you finish a piece that I think they would like. That's the only information I have! The only other thing I do is post photos and information about your work on the photo sharing site that I use with family and friends. I provide my email address and people send me their information if they want to see more of your work. Posting online really helps sales, Carol. In fact, the only complaint I hear is about having to come into the shop to make a purchase." Carol replied, "Jane, that doesn't sound so bad. Could you just fix things and help us to post even more online?" 'I can," said Jane. "But it's not quite that simple. I need to set up a new program to make sure that we follow the best practices in data management. And I am concerned for our customers. They should be able to manage how we use their personal information. We also should develop a social media strategy." Sam and Jane worked hard during the following year. One of the decisions they made was to contract with an outside vendor to manage online sales. At the end of the year, Carol shared some exciting news. "Sam and Jane, you have done such a great job that one of the biggest names in the glass business wants to buy us out! And Jane, they want to talk to you about merging all of our customer and vendor information with theirs beforehand." When initially collecting personal information from customers, what should Jane be guided by?

A) Onward transfer rules.
B) Digital rights management.
C) Data minimization principles.
D) Vendor management principles

Question 53

What is the main benefit of using dummy data during software testing?

A) The data comes in a format convenient for testing.
B) Statistical disclosure controls are applied to the data.
C) The data enables the suppression of particular values in a set.
D) Developers do not need special privacy training to test the software.

Question 54

How can a hacker gain control of a smartphone to perform remote audio and video surveillance?

A) By performing cross-site scripting.
B) By installing a roving bug on the phone.
C) By manipulating geographic information systems.
D) By accessing a phone's global positioning system satellite signal.

Question 55

To comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), public companies in the United States are required to annually report on the effectiveness of the auditing controls of their financial reporting systems. These controls must be implemented to prevent unauthorized use, disclosure, modification, and damage or loss of financial data. Why do these controls ensure both the privacy and security of data?

A) Modification of data is an aspect of privacy; unauthorized use, disclosure, and damage or loss of data are aspects of security.
B) Unauthorized use of data is an aspect of privacy; disclosure, modification, and damage or loss of data are aspects of security.
C) Disclosure of data is an aspect of privacy; unauthorized use, modification, and damage or loss of data are aspects of security.
D) Damage or loss of data are aspects of privacy; disclosure, unauthorized use, and modification of data are aspects of privacy.

Question 56

What can be used to determine the type of data in storage without exposing its contents?

A) Collection records.
B) Data mapping.
C) Server logs.
D) Metadata.

Question 57

SCENARIO Tom looked forward to starting his new position with a U.S -based automobile leasing company (New Company), now operating in 32 states. New Company was recently formed through the merger of two prominent players, one from the eastern region (East Company) and one from the western region (West Company). Tom, a Certified Information Privacy Technologist (CIPT), is New Company's first Information Privacy and Security Officer. He met today with Dick from East Company, and Harry, from West Company. Dick and Harry are veteran senior information privacy and security professionals at their respective companies, and continue to lead the east and west divisions of New Company. The purpose of the meeting was to conduct a SWOT (strengths/weaknesses/opportunities/threats) analysis for New Company. Their SWOT analysis conclusions are summarized below. Dick was enthusiastic about an opportunity for the New Company to reduce costs and increase computing power and flexibility through cloud services. East Company had been contemplating moving to the cloud, but West Company already had a vendor that was providing it with software-as-a-service (SaaS). Dick was looking forward to extending this service to the eastern region. Harry noted that this was a threat as well, because West Company had to rely on the third party to protect its data. Tom mentioned that neither of the legacy companies had sufficient data storage space to meet the projected growth of New Company, which he saw as a weakness. Tom stated that one of the team's first projects would be to construct a consolidated New Company data warehouse. Tom would personally lead this project and would be held accountable if information was modified during transmission to or during storage in the new data warehouse. Tom, Dick and Harry agreed that employee network access could be considered both a strength and a weakness. East Company and West Company had strong performance records in this regard; both had robust network access controls that were working as designed. However, during a projected year-long transition period, New Company employees would need to be able to connect to a New Company network while retaining access to the East Company and West Company networks. When employees are working remotely, they usually connect to a Wi-Fi network. What should Harry advise for maintaining company security in this situation?

A) Hiding wireless service set identifiers (SSID).
B) Retaining the password assigned by the network.
C) Employing Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption.
D) Using tokens sent through HTTP sites to verify user identity.

Question 58

SCENARIO Clean-Q is a company that offers house-hold and office cleaning services. The company receives requests from consumers via their website and telephone, to book cleaning services. Based on the type and size of service, Clean-Q then contracts individuals that are registered on its resource database - currently managed in-house by Clean-Q IT Support. Because of Clean-Q's business model, resources are contracted as needed instead of permanently employed. The table below indicates some of the personal information Clean-Q requires as part of its business operations: Clean-Q has an internal employee base of about 30 people. A recent privacy compliance exercise has been conducted to align employee data management and human resource functions with applicable data protection regulation. Therefore, the Clean-Q permanent employee base is not included as part of this scenario. With an increase in construction work and housing developments, Clean-Q has had an influx of requests for cleaning services. The demand has overwhelmed Clean-Q's traditional supply and demand system that has caused some overlapping bookings. In a business strategy session held by senior management recently, Clear-Q invited vendors to present potential solutions to their current operational issues. These vendors included Application developers and cloud solution providers, presenting their proposed solutions and platforms. The Managing Director opted to initiate the process to integrate Clean-Q's operations with a cloud solution (LeadOps) that will provide the following solution one single online platform: A web interface that Clean-Q accesses for the purposes of resource and customer management. This would entail uploading resource and customer information. A customer facing web interface that enables customers to register, manage and submit cleaning service requests online. A resource facing web interface that enables resources to apply and manage their assigned jobs. An online payment facility for customers to pay for services. What is a key consideration for assessing external service providers like LeadOps, which will conduct personal information processing operations on Clean-Q's behalf?

A) Understanding LeadOps' costing model.
B) Establishing a relationship with the Managing Director of LeadOps.
C) Recognizing the value of LeadOps' website holding a verified security certificate.
D) Obtaining knowledge of LeadOps' information handling practices and information security environment.

Question 59

SCENARIO Looking back at your first two years as the Director of Personal Information Protection and Compliance for the Berry Country Regional Medical Center in Thorn Bay, Ontario, Canada, you see a parade of accomplishments, from developing state-of-the-art simulation based training for employees on privacy protection to establishing an interactive medical records system that is accessible by patients as well as by the medical personnel. Now, however, a question you have put off looms large: how do we manage all the data-not only records produced recently, but those still on hand from years ago? A data flow diagram generated last year shows multiple servers, databases, and work stations, many of which hold files that have not yet been incorporated into the new records system. While most of this data is encrypted, its persistence may pose security and compliance concerns. The situation is further complicated by several long-term studies being conducted by the medical staff using patient information. Having recently reviewed the major Canadian privacy regulations, you want to make certain that the medical center is observing them. You also recall a recent visit to the Records Storage Section, often termed "The Dungeon" in the basement of the old hospital next to the modern facility, where you noticed a multitude of paper records. Some of these were in crates marked by years, medical condition or alphabetically by patient name, while others were in undifferentiated bundles on shelves and on the floor. The back shelves of the section housed data tapes and old hard drives that were often unlabeled but appeared to be years old. On your way out of the dungeon, you noticed just ahead of you a small man in a lab coat who you did not recognize. He carried a batch of folders under his arm, apparently records he had removed from storage. Which regulation most likely applies to the data stored by Berry Country Regional Medical Center?

A) Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act
B) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
C) The Health Records Act 2001
D) The European Union Directive 95/46/EC

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a workplace surveillance best practice?

A) Check local privacy laws before putting surveillance in place.
B) Ensure surveillance is discreet so employees do not alter their behavior.
C) Once surveillance data has been gathered, limit exposure of the content.
D) Ensure the minimal amount of surveillance is performed to meet the objective.

Question 61

When releasing aggregates, what must be performed to magnitude data to ensure privacy?

A) Value swapping.
B) Noise addition.
C) Basic rounding.
D) Top coding.

Question 62

SCENARIO Kyle is a new security compliance manager who will be responsible for coordinating and executing controls to ensure compliance with the company's information security policy and industry standards. Kyle is also new to the company, where collaboration is a core value. On his first day of new-hire orientation, Kyle's schedule included participating in meetings and observing work in the IT and compliance departments. Kyle spent the morning in the IT department, where the CIO welcomed him and explained that her department was responsible for IT governance. The CIO and Kyle engaged in a conversation about the importance of identifying meaningful IT governance metrics. Following their conversation, the CIO introduced Kyle to Ted and Barney. Ted is implementing a plan to encrypt data at the transportation level of the organization's wireless network. Kyle would need to get up to speed on the project and suggest ways to monitor effectiveness once the implementation was complete. Barney explained that his short-term goals are to establish rules governing where data can be placed and to minimize the use of offline data storage. Kyle spent the afternoon with Jill, a compliance specialist, and learned that she was exploring an initiative for a compliance program to follow self-regulatory privacy principles. Thanks to a recent internship, Kyle had some experience in this area and knew where Jill could find some support. Jill also shared results of the company's privacy risk assessment, noting that the secondary use of personal information was considered a high risk. By the end of the day, Kyle was very excited about his new job and his new company. In fact, he learned about an open position for someone with strong qualifications and experience with access privileges, project standards board approval processes, and application-level obligations, and couldn't wait to recommend his friend Ben who would be perfect for the job. Which data practice is Barney most likely focused on improving?

A) Deletion
B) Inventory.
C) Retention.
D) Sharing

Question 63

SCENARIO Clean-Q is a company that offers house-hold and office cleaning services. The company receives requests from consumers via their website and telephone, to book cleaning services. Based on the type and size of service, Clean-Q then contracts individuals that are registered on its resource database - currently managed in-house by Clean-Q IT Support. Because of Clean-Q's business model, resources are contracted as needed instead of permanently employed. The table below indicates some of the personal information Clean-Q requires as part of its business operations: Clean-Q has an internal employee base of about 30 people. A recent privacy compliance exercise has been conducted to align employee data management and human resource functions with applicable data protection regulation. Therefore, the Clean-Q permanent employee base is not included as part of this scenario. With an increase in construction work and housing developments, Clean-Q has had an influx of requests for cleaning services. The demand has overwhelmed Clean-Q's traditional supply and demand system that has caused some overlapping bookings. Ina business strategy session held by senior management recently, Clear-Q invited vendors to present potential solutions to their current operational issues. These vendors included Application developers and Cloud-Q's solution providers, presenting their proposed solutions and platforms. The Managing Director opted to initiate the process to integrate Clean-Q's operations with a cloud solution (LeadOps) that will provide the following solution one single online platform: A web interface that Clean-Q accesses for the purposes of resource and customer management. This would entail uploading resource and customer information. A customer facing web interface that enables customers to register, manage and submit cleaning service requests online. A resource facing web interface that enables resources to apply and manage their assigned jobs. An online payment facility for customers to pay for services. Which question would you most likely ask to gain more insight about LeadOps and provide practical privacy recommendations?

A) What is LeadOps' annual turnover?
B) How big is LeadOps' employee base?
C) Where are LeadOps' operations and hosting services located?
D) Does LeadOps practice agile development and maintenance of their system?

Question 64

Why is first-party web tracking very difficult to prevent?

A) The available tools to block tracking would break most sites' functionality.
B) Consumers enjoy the many benefits they receive from targeted advertising.
C) Regulatory frameworks are not concerned with web tracking.
D) Most browsers do not support automatic blocking.

Question 65

A vendor has been collecting data under an old contract, not aligned with the practices of the organization. Which is the preferred response?

A) Destroy the data
B) Update the contract to bring the vendor into alignment.
C) Continue the terms of the existing contract until it expires.
D) Terminate the contract and begin a vendor selection process.

Question 66

After committing to a Privacy by Design program, which activity should take place first ?

A) Create a privacy standard that applies to all projects and services.
B) Establish a retention policy for all data being collected.
C) Implement easy to use privacy settings for users.
D) Perform privacy reviews on new projects.

Question 67

SCENARIO Wesley Energy has finally made its move, acquiring the venerable oil and gas exploration firm Lancelot from its long-time owner David Wilson. As a member of the transition team, you have come to realize that Wilson's quirky nature affected even Lancelot's data practices, which are maddeningly inconsistent. "The old man hired and fired IT people like he was changing his necktie," one of Wilson's seasoned lieutenants tells you, as you identify the traces of initiatives left half complete. For instance, while some proprietary data and personal information on clients and employees is encrypted, other sensitive information, including health information from surveillance testing of employees for toxic exposures, remains unencrypted, particularly when included within longer records with less-sensitive data. You also find that data is scattered across applications, servers and facilities in a manner that at first glance seems almost random. Among your preliminary findings of the condition of data at Lancelot are the following: Cloud technology is supplied by vendors around the world, including firms that you have not heard of. You are told by a former Lancelot employee that these vendors operate with divergent security requirements and protocols. The company's proprietary recovery process for shale oil is stored on servers among a variety of less-sensitive information that can be accessed not only by scientists, but by personnel of all types at most company locations. DES is the strongest encryption algorithm currently used for any file. Several company facilities lack physical security controls, beyond visitor check-in, which familiar vendors often bypass. Fixing all of this will take work, but first you need to grasp the scope of the mess and formulate a plan of action to address it. Which is true regarding the type of encryption Lancelot uses?

A) It employs the data scrambling technique known as obfuscation.
B) Its decryption key is derived from its encryption key.
C) It uses a single key for encryption and decryption.
D) It is a data masking methodology.

Question 68

SCENARIO Clean-Q is a company that offers house-hold and office cleaning services. The company receives requests from consumers via their website and telephone, to book cleaning services. Based on the type and size of service, Clean-Q then contracts individuals that are registered on its resource database - currently managed in-house by Clean-Q IT Support. Because of Clean-Q's business model, resources are contracted as needed instead of permanently employed. The table below indicates some of the personal information Clean-Q requires as part of its business operations: Clean-Q has an internal employee base of about 30 people. A recent privacy compliance exercise has been conducted to align employee data management and human resource functions with applicable data protection regulation. Therefore, the Clean-Q permanent employee base is not included as part of this scenario. With an increase in construction work and housing developments, Clean-Q has had an influx of requests for cleaning services. The demand has overwhelmed Clean-Q's traditional supply and demand system that has caused some overlapping bookings. Ina business strategy session held by senior management recently, Clear-Q invited vendors to present potential solutions to their current operational issues. These vendors included Application developers and Cloud-Q's solution providers, presenting their proposed solutions and platforms. The Managing Director opted to initiate the process to integrate Clean-Q's operations with a cloud solution (LeadOps) that will provide the following solution one single online platform: A web interface that Clean-Q accesses for the purposes of resource and customer management. This would entail uploading resource and customer information. A customer facing web interface that enables customers to register, manage and submit cleaning service requests online. A resource facing web interface that enables resources to apply and manage their assigned jobs. An online payment facility for customers to pay for services. If Clean-Q were to utilize LeadOps' services, what is a contract clause that may be included in the agreement entered into with LeadOps?

A) A provision that holds LeadOps liable for a data breach involving Clean-Q's information.
B) A provision prescribing technical and organizational controls that LeadOps must implement.
C) A provision that requires LeadOps to notify Clean-Q of any suspected breaches of information that involves customer or resource information managed on behalf of Clean-Q.
D) A provision that allows Clean-Q to conduct audits of LeadOps' information processing and information security environment, at LeadOps' cost and at any time that Clean-Q requires.

Question 69

What has been found to undermine the public key infrastructure system?

A) Man-in-the-middle attacks.
B) Inability to track abandoned keys.
C) Disreputable certificate authorities.
D) Browsers missing a copy of the certificate authority's public key.

Question 70

SCENARIO WebTracker Limited is a cloud-based online marketing service located in London. Last year, WebTracker migrated its IT infrastructure to the cloud provider AmaZure, which provides SQL Databases and Artificial Intelligence services to WebTracker. The roles and responsibilities between the two companies have been formalized in a standard contract, which includes allocating the role of data controller to WebTracker. The CEO of WebTracker, Mr. Bond, would like to assess the effectiveness of AmaZure's privacy controls, and he recently decided to hire you as an independent auditor. The scope of the engagement is limited only to the marketing services provided by WebTracker, you will not be evaluating any internal data processing activity, such as HR or Payroll. This ad-hoc audit was triggered due to a future partnership between WebTracker and SmartHome - a partnership that will not require any data sharing. SmartHome is based in the USA, and most recently has dedicated substantial resources to developing smart refrigerators that can suggest the recommended daily calorie intake based on DNA information. This and other personal data is collected by WebTracker. To get an idea of the scope of work involved, you have decided to start reviewing the company's documentation and interviewing key staff to understand potential privacy risks. The results of this initial work include the following notes: There are several typos in the current privacy notice of WebTracker, and you were not able to find the privacy notice for SmartHome. You were unable to identify all the sub-processors working for SmartHome. No subcontractor is indicated in the cloud agreement with AmaZure, which is responsible for the support and maintenance of the cloud infrastructure. There are data flows representing personal data being collected from the internal employees of WebTracker, including an interface from the HR system. Part of the DNA data collected by WebTracker was from employees, as this was a prototype approved by the CEO of WebTracker. All the WebTracker and SmartHome customers are based in USA and Canada. Which of the following issues is most likely to require an investigation by the Chief Privacy Officer (CPO) of WebTracker?

A) Data flows use encryption for data at rest, as defined by the IT manager.
B) AmaZure sends newsletter to WebTracker customers, as approved by the Marketing Manager.
C) Employees' personal data are being stored in a cloud HR system, as approved by the HR Manager.
D) File Integrity Monitoring is being deployed in SQL servers, as indicated by the IT Architect Manager.

Question 71

Which of the following provides a mechanism that allows an end-user to use a single sign-on (SSO) for multiple services?

A) The Open ID Federation.
B) PCI Data Security Standards Council
C) International Organization for Standardization.
D) Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act.

Question 72

Aadhaar is a unique-identity number of 12 digits issued to all Indian residents based on their biometric and demographic data. The data is collected by the Unique Identification Authority of India. The Aadhaar database contains the Aadhaar number, name, date of birth, gender and address of over 1 billion individuals. Which of the following datasets derived from that data would be considered the most de-identified?

A) A count of the years of birth and hash of the person' s gender.
B) A count of the month of birth and hash of the person's first name.
C) A count of the day of birth and hash of the person's first initial of their first name.
D) Account of the century of birth and hash of the last 3 digits of the person's Aadhaar number.

Question 73

A credit card with the last few numbers visible is an example of what?

A) Masking data
B) Synthetic data
C) Sighting controls.
D) Partial encryption

Question 74

Which of the following most embodies the principle of Data Protection by Default?

A) A messaging app for high school students that uses HTTPS to communicate with the server.
B) An electronic teddy bear with built-in voice recognition that only responds to its owner's voice.
C) An internet forum for victims of domestic violence that allows anonymous posts without registration.
D) A website that has an opt-in form for marketing emails when registering to download a whitepaper.

Question 75

Which of the following entities would most likely be exempt from complying with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?

A) A South American company that regularly collects European customers' personal data.
B) A company that stores all customer data in Australia and is headquartered in a European Union (EU) member state.
C) A Chinese company that has opened a satellite office in a European Union (EU) member state to service European customers.
D) A North American company servicing customers in South Africa that uses a cloud storage system made by a European company.

Question 76

Which is the most accurate type of biometrics?

A) DNA
B) Voiceprint.
C) Fingerprint.
D) Facial recognition.

Question 77

What term describes two re-identifiable data sets that both come from the same unidentified individual?

A) Pseudonymous data.
B) Anonymous data.
C) Aggregated data.
D) Imprecise data.

Question 78

SCENARIO Clean-Q is a company that offers house-hold and office cleaning services. The company receives requests from consumers via their website and telephone, to book cleaning services. Based on the type and size of service, Clean-Q then contracts individuals that are registered on its resource database - currently managed in-house by Clean-Q IT Support. Because of Clean-Q's business model, resources are contracted as needed instead of permanently employed. The table below indicates some of the personal information Clean-Q requires as part of its business operations: Clean-Q has an internal employee base of about 30 people. A recent privacy compliance exercise has been conducted to align employee data management and human resource functions with applicable data protection regulation. Therefore, the Clean-Q permanent employee base is not included as part of this scenario. With an increase in construction work and housing developments, Clean-Q has had an influx of requests for cleaning services. The demand has overwhelmed Clean-Q's traditional supply and demand system that has caused some overlapping bookings. Ina business strategy session held by senior management recently, Clear-Q invited vendors to present potential solutions to their current operational issues. These vendors included Application developers and Cloud-Q's solution providers, presenting their proposed solutions and platforms. The Managing Director opted to initiate the process to integrate Clean-Q's operations with a cloud solution (LeadOps) that will provide the following solution one single online platform: A web interface that Clean-Q accesses for the purposes of resource and customer management. This would entail uploading resource and customer information. A customer facing web interface that enables customers to register, manage and submit cleaning service requests online. A resource facing web interface that enables resources to apply and manage their assigned jobs. An online payment facility for customers to pay for services. What is a key consideration for assessing external service providers like LeadOps, which will conduct personal information processing operations on Clean-Q's behalf?

A) Understanding LeadOps' costing model.
B) Establishing a relationship with the Managing Director of LeadOps.
C) Recognizing the value of LeadOps' website holding a verified security certificate.
D) Obtaining knowledge of LeadOps' information handling practices and information security environment.

Question 79

Which of the following would best improve an organization' s system of limiting data use?

A) Implementing digital rights management technology.
B) Confirming implied consent for any secondary use of data.
C) Applying audit trails to resources to monitor company personnel.
D) Instituting a system of user authentication for company personnel.

Question 80

During a transport layer security (TLS) session, what happens immediately after the web browser creates a random PreMasterSecret?

A) The server decrypts the PremasterSecret.
B) The web browser opens a TLS connection to the PremasterSecret.
C) The web browser encrypts the PremasterSecret with the server's public key.
D) The server and client use the same algorithm to convert the PremasterSecret into an encryption key.