Deck 2: Basic Chemistry

Question 1

Which of the following is an anion?

A) Sodium ion
B) Potassium ion
C) Chloride ion
D) Calcium ion

Answer 1

Chloride ion

Question 2

The sharing of electrons is referred to as

A) covalent bonding.
B) ionic bonding.
C) radioactive decay.
D) isotope formation.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which process refers to the dissociation of NaCl into Na⁺ and Cl-?

A) Radioactivity
B) Ionization
C) Covalent bonding
D) Hydrogen bonding

Answer 3

Ionization

Question 4

Which of the following are located in the orbits surrounding the nucleus?

A) Isotopes
B) Protons
C) Electrons
D) Neutrons

Question 5

[H⁺] refers to

A) an isotope of hydrogen.
B) heavy hydrogen.
C) hydrogen bonding.
D) hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 6

Which of the following is descriptive of the chemical reaction in the previous question?

A) Cation + anion → electrolyte
B) Electrolyte → cation + anion
C) Electrolyte + anion → cation
D) Neutralization of an acid by a base

Question 7

Which of the following acts as a catalyst?

A) An acid
B) An enzyme
C) A buffer
D) ATP

Question 8

Which of the following is an anion?

A) NaCl
B) KCl
C) H2SO4
D) HCO3-

Question 9

A cation is a(n)

A) positively charged ion.
B) electrolyte.
C) isotope.
D) ion that has an atomic mass of 2.

Question 10

Which ion has 8 protons in the nucleus and 9 electrons in its orbits?

A) Cation
B) Electrolyte
C) Acid
D) Anion

Question 11

Which of the following increases the speed of a chemical reaction but is itself not used up in the chemical reaction?

A) An isotope
B) A cation
C) A catalyst
D) ATP

Question 12

What is the energy-transferring molecule?

A) H⁺
B) ATP
C) Ca2⁺
D) NaCl

Question 13

NaCl,table salt,is called a(n)

A) anion.
B) electrolyte.
C) cation.
D) ion.

Question 14

Which element must be present for a substance to be classified as organic?

A) Iodine
B) Iron
C) Carbon
D) Calcium

Question 15

Which of the following represents bicarbonate,an anion that is important in acid-base regulation?

A) HCl
B) Ca(OH)2
C) HCO3-
D) KCl

Question 16

Which compound is a waste product of cellular metabolism?

A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Catalyst
D) ATP

Question 17

The word ferrous refers to

A) an acid solution.
B) an alkaline solution.
C) any cation.
D) iron.

Question 18

Which compound is the universal solvent?

A) Carbon dioxide
B) Oxygen
C) ATP
D) Water

Question 19

Which of the following is true of an anion?

A) An anion always ionizes to form electrolytes.
B) An anion always has an atomic mass of 15.
C) An anion carries a negative charge.
D) A hydrogen ion is an anion.

Question 20

Which of the following is a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration [H⁺]?

A) Atomic number
B) Atomic mass
C) Isotope
D) pH

Question 21

Zinc,selenium,cobalt,and iodine are all

A) trace elements.
B) compounds.
C) radioactive.
D) isotopes of hydrogen.

Question 22

An atom has 1 proton,0 neutrons,and 1 electron.What will convert this atom to a cation?

A) Add 1 neutron.
B) Add 1 proton.
C) Lose 1 electron.
D) Add 1 proton, 2 neutrons, and 1 electron.

Question 23

Which of the following best describes a solution in which alcohol is the solvent?

A) Tincture
B) Alkaline
C) Acid
D) Aqueous

Question 24

In which of the following is the number of hydrogen ions greater?

A) An alkaline solution
B) A basic solution
C) Blood
D) A solution with a pH of 6.2

Question 25

What happens when HCl is added to a solution with a pH of 7.45?

A) The pH will be higher than 7.45.
B) The solution will become more alkaline.
C) The [H⁺] of the solution will increase.
D) The pH will be higher than 8.0.

Question 26

Which of the following best describes a solution in which water is the solvent?

A) Colloidal suspension
B) Aqueous solution
C) Tincture
D) Isotope

Question 27

Which of the following can neutralize H⁺?

A) Ca2⁺
B) Na⁺
C) OH^-
D) H₂O

Question 28

Which of the following illustrates antacid activity?

A) NaCl → Na⁺ + Cl^-
B) HCl → H⁺ + Cl^-
C) Mg(OH)2 + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O
D) KCl → K⁺ + Cl^-

Question 29

Blood has a pH range of 7.35 to 7.45 and therefore

A) is acidic.
B) is three to four times more viscous (thicker) than water.
C) has a pH that is similar to urine and stomach contents.
D) is alkaline.

Question 30

A solution that has a pH of 6.8

A) has a neutral pH.
B) is alkaline.
C) is basic.
D) is acidic.

Question 31

An atom has 1 proton,0 neutrons,and 1 electron; its isotope has:

A) 2 electrons and 0 neutrons.
B) 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
C) 1 proton and 1 neutron.
D) 2 protons and 0 neutrons.

Question 32

The heart pushes blood into the blood vessels as chemical energy is converted to which form of energy?

A) Thermal
B) Radiant
C) Mechanical
D) Nuclear

Question 33

Which of the following is true of Na⁺?

A) It is an anion.
B) It is an electrolyte.
C) It bonds ionically with Ca²⁺.
D) It is a cation.

Question 34

Which of the following is incorrect?

A) Mixtures: suspension, colloidal suspension, solution
B) Ions: Na⁺, Cl^-, Ca2⁺, K⁺
C) Electrolytes: NaCl, KCl, CaCl₂, HCO₃-
D) Cations: Na⁺, Ca2⁺, K⁺, H⁺

Question 35

Which of the following carries no net electrical charge?

A) An anion
B) A cation
C) A polar molecule
D) An ion

Question 36

Which pH is considered neutral?

A) 7.35
B) 7.45
C) 7.00
D) 14.0

Question 37

An atom has 2 protons,2 neutrons,and 2 electrons; it has an atomic

A) number of 6.
B) mass of 2.
C) mass of 4.
D) number of 4.

Question 38

A combination of sugar granules and iron filings is best described as a(n):

A) mixture.
B) colloidal suspension.
C) tincture.
D) isotope.

Question 39

Iron can be a(n)

A) anion.
B) electrolyte.
C) acid.
D) cation.

Question 40

Which of the following is described by this statement? One atom of oxygen bonds covalently with two atoms of hydrogen.

A) Carbon dioxide
B) A tincture
C) Water
D) Neutralization of an acid with a base

Question 41

A patient with a blood pH of 7.28

A) has an excess of H+.
B) has a blood pH that is within normal limits.
C) is alkalotic.
D) has a blood pH that indicates a deficiency of acid.

Question 42

The ionization of salt (NaCl)

A) produces an acid and a base.
B) produces an electrolyte.
C) lowers pH.
D) produces a cation and an anion.

Question 43

An atom has 3 protons,4 neutrons,and 3 electrons; another atom has 3 protons,3 neutrons,and 3 electrons.Which of the following is most descriptive of this pair of atoms?

A) Mixture
B) Cation
C) Electrolyte
D) Isotope

Question 44

The pH of urine

A) is always more alkaline than blood.
B) is always acidic.
C) can be acidic or alkaline.
D) is more acidic than stomach contents.

Question 45

The addition of H⁺ to blood

A) increases blood pH.
B) makes the blood more acidic.
C) makes the blood more alkaline.
D) changes the blood pH from 7.4 to 7.8.

Question 46

An atom has 4 protons,4 neutrons,and 4 electrons.It

A) has an atomic number of 8.
B) is a cation.
C) has an atomic mass of 12.
D) has an atomic mass of 8.

Question 47

Which of the following is true of Na⁺?

A) Called the sodium ion
B) Has fewer protons than electrons
C) Called an anion
D) Lowers pH

Question 48

An electrolyte

A) dissociates into ions.
B) yields only cations.
C) always yields H+ and lowers pH.
D) always removes H+ and increases pH.

Question 49

Blood is called a colloidal suspension because

A) it has a pH of 7.4.
B) it is alkaline.
C) it consists of the suspended plasma proteins.
D) it consists of the sodium and chloride ions.

Question 50

Which of the following is most descriptive of the nucleus of the atom?

A) Contents determine the atomic number
B) Contents determine the atomic mass
C) "Home" of the protons
D) All of the above

Question 51

Water is a(n)

A) molecule.
B) aqueous solvent.
C) compound.
D) all of the above.

Question 52

Which of the following is most descriptive of HCl?

A) Is called bicarbonate
B) Is an acid
C) Raises pH
D) Dissociates into Na⁺ and Cl^-

Question 53

An atom that has 3 protons,4 neutrons,and 3 electrons

A) has an atomic mass of 7.
B) is a cation.
C) has an atomic number of 4.
D) has an atomic number of 10.

Question 54

Which of the following is most descriptive of ionic and covalent?

A) Types of bonding in which the electrons are shared
B) Types of bonding in which the electrons are swapped
C) Types of bonding
D) Types of bonding found only in reactions in which H+ is produced

Question 55

A catalyst

A) is an H+-yielding molecule.
B) is an acid.
C) is an alkali.
D) increases the speed of a chemical reaction.

Question 56

Which of the following is most descriptive of the function of an enzyme?

A) Neutralization
B) Ionization
C) Catalyst
D) pH

Question 57

A solution with a pH of 8

A) is more acidic than blood.
B) is more acidic than stomach contents.
C) has more H+ than urine.
D) is more alkaline than blood.

Question 58

Which of the following is true of Cl^-?

A) Is an electrolyte
B) Is an anion
C) Increases pH
D) Decreases pH

Question 59

Which of the following is true of iodine and radioactive iodine?

A) Both have the same atomic numbers.
B) Both have the same atomic masses.
C) Neither has electrons in its orbit.
D) Both create radiation hazards.

Question 60

ATP

A) is a buffer, removing H+ from solution.
B) is an energy transfer molecule.
C) is a radioactive isotope of phosphate.
D) ionizes to H+, thereby lowering pH.

Question 61

An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8.Therefore

A) it can share electrons with another identical atom.
B) it can share electrons with another oxygen atom.
C) it can form O2.
D) all of the above are true.

Question 62

Intestinal secretions are alkaline.What can decrease its pH?

A) The addition of H⁺ in the form of HCl
B) Drinking baking soda (NaHCO3)
C) Neutralization of gastric (stomach) HCl
D) Drinking lots of water

Question 63

A molecule of water has a (+)charge at one and a (-)charge at the other end of the molecule.What is the best description?

A) Radioactive
B) Tincture
C) Polar molecule
D) Ionization

Question 64

Which group is correct?

A) Subatomic particles located within the nucleus: protons, neutrons, electrons
B) Common cations: Na⁺, K⁺, HCO3^-, NH4⁺
C) Common molecules: O₂, N₂, H₂O
D) Bases: NaOH, Na HCO₃-, HCl

Question 65

Which of the following is most descriptive of a precipitate that forms during a chemical reaction?

A) Acid
B) Base
C) Solid
D) Solution

Question 66

An atom of oxygen shares its outer shell electrons with two hydrogen atoms thereby

A) forming an acid.
B) ionizing.
C) forming a molecule of water.
D) forming an anion and cation.

Question 67

What do the following have in common: Pb,plumbism,and plumber? All terms refer to

A) persons who work with pipes.
B) toxic effects of a trace element.
C) toxic cations.
D) lead.

Question 68

Which group is correct?

A) Blood pH 7.50, alkaline, turns litmus paper pink
B) Blood pH 7.2, acidosis, turns litmus paper pink
C) Blood pH 7.35, normal blood pH, turns litmus paper blue
D) More than one of the above are true.

Question 69

Which of the following is correct about the following reaction: NaCl ↔ Na⁺ + Cl^-?

A) Neutralization
B) Ionization
C) Anabolic
D) Irreversible

Question 70

In the reaction HCl $\rightarrow$ H? + Cl^-

A) HCl ionizes, thereby yielding the cation (H⁺) and anion (Cl^-).
B) hydrochloric acid dissociates into an anion and cation.
C) HCl dissociates into a hydrogen ion and chloride ion.
D) all of the above are true.