Deck 27: Human Development and Heredity

Question 1

Which word refers to milk production by the mammary glands?

A) Implantation
B) Parturition
C) Lactation
D) Quickening

Answer 1

Lactation

Question 2

What term describes the ectoderm,mesoderm,and endoderm?

A) Inner cell mass
B) Extraembryonic membranes
C) Primary germ layers
D) Blastomeres

Answer 2

Primary germ layers

Question 3

Which of the following develops first?

A) Morula
B) Trophoblast
C) Blastomere
D) Zygote

Answer 3

Zygote

Question 4

Which of the following is a disclike structure where the fetal and maternal circulations meet (baby eats,excretes,and breathes at this site)?

A) Umbilicus
B) Placenta
C) Primary germ layers
D) Zygote

Question 5

Which of the following is true of implantation?

A) It is called conception.
B) It is divided into trimesters.
C) It is stimulated by FSH and LH.
D) It occurs within the uterus.

Question 6

What is the name of the yellowish watery fluid secreted by the mammary glands immediately after delivery (baby is nourished on this until the mother's milk comes in)?

A) Lanugo
B) Vernix caseosa
C) Meconium
D) Colostrum

Question 7

Which of the following is most descriptive of a zygote?

A) Fertilized ovum
B) Mature sperm
C) Graafian follicle
D) Fetus

Question 8

Which of the following is most related to the word ectopic?

A) Tubal pregnancy
B) Labor
C) Lactation
D) Endometriosis

Question 9

Afterbirth refers primarily to which structure?

A) Morula
B) Zygote
C) Fetus
D) Placenta

Question 10

Which hormone literally means "swift birth" and assists in labor?

A) Prostaglandin
B) Progesterone
C) Oxytocin
D) Prolactin

Question 11

Which structure is commonly called the bag of waters (it breaks prior to delivery and often signals the onset of labor)?

A) Primary germ layers
B) Morula
C) Amniotic sac
D) Blastocyst

Question 12

What is the name of the fine downy hair that covers the fetus?

A) Vernix caseosa
B) Lanugo
C) Colostrum
D) Meconium

Question 13

Which cream cheese-like substance is secreted by baby's sebaceous glands and protects the skin from the amniotic fluid?

A) Lanugo
B) Colostrum
C) Vernix caseosa
D) Meconium

Question 14

Which of the following is most related to fertilization?

A) Broad ligament
B) Implantation
C) Menses
D) 23 chromosomes plus 23 chromosomes

Question 15

In addition to acting as an exchange site between the mother and fetus,the placenta also secretes

A) estrogen and progesterone.
B) amniotic fluid.
C) vernix caseosa.
D) colostrum.

Question 16

What is the name of the developmental process that refers to the shaping of the cell cluster?

A) Implantation
B) Conception
C) Morphogenesis
D) Fertilization

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by the trophoblastic cells during implantation and helps preserve the corpus luteum?

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) hCG
D) FSH

Question 18

Which of the following is divided into trimesters?

A) Conception
B) Fertilization
C) Pregnancy
D) Ovulation

Question 19

What "lives" in the fallopian tube for a brief period of time?

A) An embryo
B) A fetus
C) A blastocyst
D) A zygote

Question 20

What is the outer extraembryonic membrane that forms finger-like projections called villi and helps form the placenta?

A) Amnion
B) Chorion
C) Umbilicus
D) Trophoblast

Question 21

Which of the following is least related to the sex chromosomes?

A) XX
B) XY
C) Autosomes
D) X-linked

Question 22

Which of the following best describes the amnion,chorion,yolk sac,and allantois?

A) Primary germ layers
B) Inner cell mass
C) Dizygotic twins
D) extraembryonic membranes

Question 23

The milk let-down reflex is most associated with

A) estrogen.
B) oxytocin.
C) prolactin.
D) hCG.

Question 24

Which of the following give(s)rise to the endoderm,mesoderm,and ectoderm?

A) The zygote
B) The extraembryonic membranes
C) Primary germ layers
D) The placenta

Question 25

In the later stages of pregnancy,most of the mother's estrogen and progesterone comes from the

A) corpus luteum.
B) corpus albicans.
C) ovaries.
D) placenta.

Question 26

The fimbriae sweep the ovum into which structure immediately following ovulation?

A) Uterus
B) Fallopian tube
C) Vagina
D) Ovary

Question 27

A mother-to-be infected with the rubella virus gives birth to a child with multiple birth defects.Which of the following is descriptive of the defects?

A) Hereditary
B) Encoded in the mother's DNA
C) Congenital
D) Contagious

Question 28

What is the baby-to-be called after 9 weeks of development?

A) Zygote
B) Fetus
C) Embryo
D) Neonate

Question 29

Which of the following is least true of prolactin?

A) Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
B) Stimulates the mammary gland
C) Is an adenohypophyseal hormone
D) Plays the primary role in the milk let-down reflex

Question 30

The blastocyst

A) lives in the uterus.
B) is a fetal structure.
C) lives in the fallopian tube.
D) is an estrogen-secreting ovarian structure.

Question 31

Which of the following literally means "monster-producing"?

A) Abortion
B) Involution
C) Teratogenic
D) Embryonic

Question 32

Who or what determines the gender of the baby?

A) Placenta
B) Zygote
C) Father
D) Mother

Question 33

Which of the following is most associated with organogenesis?

A) Embryonic period
B) Implantation
C) Third trimester
D) Neonatal period

Question 34

Which of the following prevents the deterioration of the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?

A) Prolactin
B) Progesterone
C) Oxytocin
D) Human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 35

How is a child with X and Y chromosomes best described?

A) Having Down syndrome
B) Hemophiliac
C) Immature
D) Male

Question 36

What is the hormonal basis of the pregnancy test?

A) Estrogen
B) Prostaglandin
C) Oxytocin
D) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 37

From week 3 to week 8,the baby-to-be is called a(n)

A) zygote.
B) morula.
C) fetus.
D) embryo.

Question 38

Which of the following organs involutes following delivery of baby?

A) Vagina
B) Fallopian tubes
C) Ovaries
D) Uterus

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of nondisjunction?

A) Fetal alcohol syndrome
B) Spina bifida secondary to maternal infection with rubella
C) Down syndrome
D) Twinning

Question 40

Which of the following is most related to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?

A) Milk production
B) Breasts
C) Corpus luteum
D) Anterior pituitary gland

Question 41

Which of these hormones is released in response to suckling and activation of the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis?

A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen
C) Oxytocin
D) Prolactin

Question 42

Which group is incorrect?

A) Primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, chromosomes
B) Embryonic structures: zygote, blastomere, morula, blastocyst
C) Genes: dominant, recessive, codominant
D) Genetic disorders: Down, Edward, and Patau syndromes

Question 43

Which of the following is true regarding lactation?

A) Suckling causes the alveolar glands to secrete oxytocin.
B) Suckling stimulates the sensory nerves of the milk let-down reflex.
C) Flow of milk through the lactiferous ducts is the sensory response to suckling.
D) Prolactin is secreted in response to suckling.

Question 44

The chorionic villi sit in blood-filled endometrial spaces called

A) the umbilical cord.
B) the lacunae.
C) the yolk sac.
D) allantois.

Question 45

Which group is incorrect?

A) Primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
B) Hormones: estrogen, progesterone, hCG, prolactin, oxytocin
C) Genes: dominant, recessive, codominant
D) Stages of labor: dilation, expulsion, placental, embryonic

Question 46

Which of the following is least characteristic of hCG?

A) Secreted by trophoblasts
B) Maintains the corpus luteum
C) Maintains maternal levels of estrogen and progesterone
D) Exerts an oxytoxic effect

Question 47

Which group is incorrect?

A) Extraembryonic membranes: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, allantois
B) Stages of labor: dilation, expulsion, lactation
C) Ovarian structures: corpus luteum, corpus albicans, graafian follicle
D) Genes: dominant, recessive, codominant

Question 48

With which word is fetal alcohol most associated?

A) Colostrum
B) Teratogen
C) Thalidomide
D) Eclampsia

Question 49

Which of the following is true of parturition?

A) The fetus becomes a neonate.
B) Refers to the birth process
C) Can only occur after 36 weeks of pregnancy
D) More than one of the above are true.

Question 50

Which group is incorrect?

A) Extraembryonic membranes: graafian follicle, chorion, yolk sac
B) Twinning: monozygotic, dizygotic
C) Primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
D) Genes: dominant, recessive, codominant

Question 51

Fertilization is most apt to occur when sexual intercourse takes place close to

A) ovulation.
B) early adenohypophyseal secretion of gonadotropins.
C) the last day of a 28-day cycle.
D) the first day of a 28-day cycle.

Question 52

Which of the following is the latest stage of development?

A) Morula
B) Blastomeres
C) Blastocyst
D) Zygote

Question 53

Which of the following is (are)most associated with the following: areola,suspensory ligaments,lactiferous ducts,and alveolar glands?

A) Uterus
B) Breasts
C) Posterior pituitary gland
D) Ovulation

Question 54

Which of the following is the first event?

A) Parturition
B) Implantation
C) Placental development
D) Secretion of vernix caseosa

Question 55

Which of the following is formed when the chorionic villi burrow into the endometrial lining?

A) Yolk sac
B) Placenta
C) Umbilical cord
D) Ductus venosus

Question 56

Which of the following is most apt to develop in response to compression of the umbilical cord?

A) Hemolytic jaundice of the newborn (hyperbilirubinemia)
B) Endometriosis (maternal)
C) Fetal hypoxemia
D) Premature separation of the placenta

Question 57

Which of the following is characterized by quickening,lanugo,and vernix caseosa?

A) Zygote
B) Trophoblast
C) Embryo
D) Fetus

Question 58

Which of the following is an ovarian event?

A) Fertilization
B) Implantation
C) Maturation of the graafian follicle
D) Cleavage and blastomere formation

Question 59

Which of the following is accomplished during the eighth month of fetal development?

A) Baby fattens up
B) Baby's bone marrow begins to function
C) Amniotic fluid begins to accumulate in the amniotic sac
D) Mom starts to lactate

Question 60

This structure carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.

A) Umbilical artery
B) Ductus arteriosus
C) Embryonic disc
D) Umbilical vein

Question 61

Which of the following describes the consequence of this event: two ova are fertilized by two different sperm?

A) Monozygotic twins
B) Identical twins
C) Dizygotic twins
D) More than one of the above are true.

Question 62

The conversion of the corpus luteum to the corpus albicans

A) is characteristic of the nonpregnant state.
B) is due to the secretion of hCG.
C) prevents ovulation in the next menstrual cycle.
D) occurs only in twinning.