Deck 3: Women and Health Care

Question 1

To enhance women's health care in the 21st century, researchers should do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Design studies in collaboration with women
B) Analyze changes in women's health data relative to men's
C) Include homogeneous populations of women in studies
D) Translate research findings into clinical and public health practice
E) Focus on treatment approaches equally applicable to men and women

Answer 1

A, B, D

Question 2

Historically, gender has been defined by which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Self-identification
B) Appropriate roles
C) Division of labor
D) Economic power
E) Political influence

Answer 2

B, C, D, E

Question 3

Hammarstrӧm et al. propose a model of sex and gender that includes which of the following concepts? (Select all that apply.)

A) Binary sexuality based on one's chromosomes
B) Sex, interacting with gender, as a continuum
C) Biologically determined sex based on the effects of sex hormones on reproductive organ development
D) Sex and gender as an integration of body, mind, and context
E) Intersectionality and embodiment as factors significantly affecting sex and gender

Answer 3

B, D, E

Question 4

Which of the following is the best example of how gender bias has affected the health and health care of women?

A) Similar rates of mental illness being found in men and women
B) Treatment outcomes among women varying based on patient compliance
C) Association of patient income level with type of diagnosis
D) Disproportionately more psychotropic medications being prescribed to women than men

Question 5

Krieger has proposed which of the following regarding sex, gender, and health? (Select all that apply.)

A) Gender and sex played no significant role in determining health outcomes for women
B) Gender relations influence the expression and the interpretation of biological traits
C) Sex-linked biological characteristics contribute to gender differentials in health
D) Traditional perspectives on gender and sex have resulted in better health outcomes for women than for men
E) Equitable gender relationships have resulted in similar health outcomes in men and women

Question 6

When did women's health scholarship begin to flourish?

A) 1960s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s

Question 7

Which of the following were the goals included in the report "Women's Health Research: Progress, Pitfalls, and Promise," which was published by the Office of Research on Women's Health in 2010? (Select all that apply.)

A) Increase sex similarities research in basic sciences studies
B) Incorporate findings of sex and gender differences in the design of new technologies
C) Create strategic alliances to maximize domestic and global impact of women's health research
D) Develop and implement new social networking technologies to promote men's health and wellness research
E) Employ innovative strategies to build a well-trained, diverse, and vigorous women's health research workforce

Question 8

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act of 1993 mandated that the NIH do which of the following?

A) Expand health insurance coverage for women
B) Include women and minorities in clinical research
C) Research and develop new women-specific medications
D) Decrease infection rates during obstetric surgeries

Question 9

Historical examples of gender bias in medical textbooks include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Portrayals of women as inherently sick
B) A recommendation that women simulate orgasms if not orgasmic with their husbands
C) Portrayals of women patients as being intellectually superior to their male physicians
D) Omission of the clitoris from anatomical illustrations of women's genitals
E) Portrayal of women as invincible to illness and age, as long as they make the right choices

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the new model for health care for women?

A) Physician-centered
B) Authoritarian
C) Pluralistic
D) Disease-oriented