Deck 4: Requirements Modeling

Question 1

Because use cases depict a system through the eyes of a user, common business language can be used to describe the transactions.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Due to the limited range of input and interaction among participants, few companies believe that a joint application development (JAD) group does not produce the best definition of a new system.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

When using fact-finding techniques, asking what is being done is the same as asking what could or should be done.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In addition to helping to gather and analyze facts, many programs also automatically perform fact-finding for systems analysts.

Question 5

Compared with traditional methods, the entire rapid application development (RAD) process is expanded and, as a result, the new system is built, delivered, and placed in operation much later.

Question 6

When designing a questionnaire, the most important rule of all is to make sure that questions collect the right data in a form that can be used to further the fact-finding effort.

Question 7

Although taking notes during an interview has both advantages and disadvantages, the accepted view is that note taking should be extensive.

Question 8

System requirements serve as benchmarks to measure the overall acceptability of a finished system.

Question 9

Knowledge of a company's formal and informal structures helps a systems analyst determine the people to interview during the systems analysis phase.

Question 10

Creating a standard list of interview questions helps a systems analyst to keep on track and avoid unnecessary tangents.

Question 11

Systems developers use joint application development (JAD) whenever group input and interaction are not desired, because it is linked to a specific development methodology.

Question 12

System documentation always is up-to-date.

Question 13

When conducting an interview, after asking a question, allow the person enough time to think about the question and arrive at an answer.

Question 14

Personal observation allows a systems analyst to verify statements made in interviews and determine whether procedures really operate as they are described.

Question 15

The main objective of all rapid application development (RAD) approaches is to extend development time and expense by excluding users from every phase of systems development.

Question 16

A list of topics should be sent to an interviewee several days before the meeting, especially when detailed information is needed, so the person can prepare for the interview and minimize the need for a follow-up meeting.

Question 17

Each activity within the systems analysis phase has an end product and one or more milestones.

Question 18

IT professionals recognize that successful systems must be user-oriented, and users need to be involved, formally or informally, at every stage of system development.

Question 19

System requirements fall into five general categories: outputs, inputs, processes, performance, and controls.

Question 20

In the early stages of systems analysis, interviews usually focus on specific topics, but as the fact-finding process continues, the interviews are more general.

Question 21

When designing a questionnaire, arrange questions in a random order, intermixing simple and more complex topics.

Question 22

_____ enable a systems analyst to identify a problem, evaluate the key elements, and develop a useful solution.​

A) Analytical skills
B) Artistic skills
C) Interpersonal skills
D) Confrontational skills

Question 23

In a sequence diagram, vertical arrows represent messages from one object to another.

Question 24

The main objective of a sample is to ensure that it represents the overall population accurately.

Question 25

Before publishing a form on the Internet or a company intranet, a systems analyst should protect it so users can change the layout or design but cannot fill it in.

Question 26

In the rapid application development (RAD) model in the accompanying figure, during the _____ phase, users interact with systems analysts and develop models and prototypes that represent all system processes, outputs, and inputs.

A) requirements planning
B) user design
C) construction
D) cutover

Question 27

The personal interview usually is the least expensive fact-finding technique.

Question 28

_____ are important to a systems analyst who must work with people at all organizational levels, balance conflicting needs of users, and communicate effectively.

A) Problem solving skills
B) Artistic skills
C) Interpersonal skills
D) Confrontational skills

Question 29

In the rapid application development (RAD) model in the accompanying figure, the _____ phase focuses on program and application development tasks similar to the SDLC.

A) requirements planning
B) user design
C) construction
D) cutover

Question 30

A graphic modeling program is used to manage details of a complex project, create queries to retrieve specific information, and generate custom reports.

Question 31

A single site visit usually gives true pictures, so it is unnecessary to visit more than one installation.

Question 32

Joint application development (JAD) provides a fast-track approach to a full spectrum of system development tasks, including planning, design, construction, and implementation.

Question 33

Rapid application development (RAD) relies heavily on _____.

A) prototyping
B) management direction
C) agile methods
D) scrum

Question 34

An agile approach emphasizes continuous feedback, and each incremental step is affected by what was learned in the prior steps.

Question 35

In addition to joint application development, another popular user-oriented method is _____, which resembles a condensed version of the entire SDLC with users involved every step of the way.

A) agile method
B) sampling
C) rapid application development
D) brainstorming

Question 36

In the rapid application development (RAD) model, the _____ phase resembles the final tasks in the SDLC implementation phase.

A) requirements planning
B) user design
C) construction
D) cutover

Question 37

The ability to manage information is the mark of a successful systems analyst and an important skill for all IT professionals.

Question 38

The _____ phase of the SDLC includes four main activities: requirements modeling, data and process modeling, object modeling, and consideration of development strategies.

A) systems planning
B) systems analysis
C) systems design
D) systems implementation

Question 39

One of the main activities in the systems analysis phase is _____, which involves fact-finding to describe the current system and identification of the specifications for the new system.

A) objective modeling
B) requirements modeling
C) goal-based modeling
D) user-based modeling

Question 40

Greater user involvement in the system development process usually results in _____.

A) poorer communication
B) more satisfied users
C) slower development times
D) lower quality deliverable

Question 41

The _____ is a widely used method of visualizing and documenting software systems design.

A) Unified Modeling Language (UML)
B) total cost of ownership (TCO)
C) functional decomposition diagram (FDD)
D) Rapid Economic Justification (REJ)

Question 42

Identify is a typical example of a system requirement for the performance category.

A) The purchasing system must provide suppliers with up-to-date specifications.
B) Each input form must include date, time, product code, customer number, and quantity.
C) The manager of the sales department must approve orders that exceed a customer's credit limit.
D) The student records system must produce class lists within five hours after the end of registration.

Question 43

To evaluate _____, a systems analyst needs information about projected future volume for all outputs, inputs, and processes.

A) scalability
B) reliability
C) compatibility
D) applicability

Question 44

Which of the following is a typical example of a system requirement for the control category?

A) The customer analysis system must produce a quarterly report that identifies changes in ordering patterns.
B) The system must maintain separate levels of security for users and the system administrator.
C) The data entry screens must be uniform, except for background color, which can be changed by the user.
D) The warehouse distribution system must analyze daily orders and create a routing pattern for delivery trucks.

Question 45

The primary advantage of rapid application development (RAD) is that _____.

A) systems can be developed more quickly with significant cost savings
B) a company's strategic business needs are emphasized and the mechanics of the system are not stressed
C) the decelerated time cycle allows more time to develop quality, consistency, and design standards
D) systems are developed more slowly with fewer bugs

Question 46

A(n) _____ is a characteristic or feature that must be included in an information system to satisfy business needs and be acceptable to users.

A) system requirement
B) property
C) questionnaire
D) object

Question 47

Which of the following is a general category of system requirements?

A) Daily reports
B) Inputs
C) Response time
D) Login security

Question 48

Using _____, an analyst can show business functions and break them down into lower-level functions and processes.

A) Unified Modeling Language (UML)
B) total cost of ownership (TCO)
C) functional decomposition diagrams (FDD)
D) Rapid Economic Justification (REJ)

Question 49

Which of the following is a typical example of a system requirement for the output category?

A) Manufacturing employees must swipe their ID cards into data collection terminals that record labor costs.
B) The contact management system must generate a daily reminder list for all sales reps.
C) All transactions must have audit trails.
D) As the final step in year-end processing, the payroll system must update employee salaries, bonuses, and benefits and produce tax data required by the IRS.

Question 50

Identify a typical example of a system requirement for the input category.

A) As a final step in year-end processing, the payroll system must update employee salaries, bonuses, and benefits.
B) Response time must not exceed four seconds.
C) The system must provide logon security at the operating system level and at the application level.
D) Student grades must be entered on machine-readable forms prepared by the instructor.

Question 51

The _____ is a top-down representation of a process.

A) Unified Modeling Language (UML)
B) total cost of ownership (TCO)
C) functional decomposition diagram (FDD)
D) Rapid Economic Justification (REJ)

Question 52

A _____ is a Unified Modeling Language (UML) technique that visually represents the interaction between users and an information system.

A) surface flowchart
B) scatter diagram
C) use case diagram
D) user-based flowchart

Question 53

In addition to direct evaluations, systems developers must identify and document indirect expenses that contribute to the _____.

A) business process modeling notation?(BPMN)
B) total cost of ownership (TCO)
C) functional decomposition diagrams (FDD)
D) Rapid Economic Justification (REJ)

Question 54

A(n) _____ shows the timing of interactions between objects as they occur.

A) timing diagram
B) class diagram
C) orientation diagram
D) sequence diagram

Question 55

In a use case diagram, the user becomes a(n) _____, with a specific role that describes how he or she interacts with a system.

A) agent
B) actor
C) interlocutor
D) master

Question 56

The term _____ refers to a system's ability to handle increased business volume and transactions in the future.

A) scalability
B) reliability
C) compatibility
D) applicability

Question 57

_____ is a planned meeting during which a systems analyst obtains information from another person.

A) A survey
B) An interview
C) Sampling
D) Research

Question 58

_____ is a model that asks the traditional fact-finding questions in a systems development context.

A) A functional decomposition diagram
B) A class diagram
C) The Unified Modeling Language
D) The Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture

Question 59

Which of the following is a typical example of a system requirement for the process category?

A) The website must report online volume statistics every four hours and hourly during peak periods.
B) The system must be operated seven days a week, 365 days a year.
C) The equipment rental system must not execute new rental transactions for customers who have overdue accounts.
D) All transactions must have audit trails.

Question 60

In a(n) _____, team members prepare to lunge at each other to achieve their objectives.

A) pool
B) resequencing session
C) scrum
D) adaptation

Question 61

In an interview, _____ are questions that ask a person to evaluate something by providing limited answers to specific responses or on a numeric scale.

A) open-ended questions
B) factual questions
C) leading questions
D) range-of-response questions

Question 62

In projects where it is desirable to obtain input from a large number of people, a(n) _____, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, can be a valuable tool.

A) observation
B) questionnaire
C) suggestion
D) title

Question 63

Supporters of neutral locations for interviews believe that it _____.

A) makes the interviewee feel comfortable during the meeting
B) gives the interviewee easy access to supporting material that might be needed
C) keeps interruptions to a minimum so people can concentrate fully
D) gives the interviewee an opportunity to take calls during the interview

Question 64

A common tool for showing the distribution of a questionnaire or sampling results is a vertical bar chart called a _____.

A) flowchart
B) histogram
C) tree map
D) streamgraph

Question 65

Software such as Microsoft OneNote is a type of _____ software.

A) personal information manager (PIM)
B) personal data management
C) project data management
D) personal digital assistant (PDA)

Question 66

The process of concentrating on what is said in an interview and noticing any nonverbal communication that takes place is called _____.

A) brainstorming
B) sampling
C) engaged listening
D) fact-finding

Question 67

_____ is a fact-finding technique that can help a systems analyst understand how the current system is supposed to work.

A) Document review
B) Brainstorming
C) A systematic sample
D) Productivity software

Question 68

In an interview, _____ limit or restrict the response.

A) open-ended questions
B) closed-ended questions
C) leading questions
D) range-of-response questions

Question 69

The kind of document shown in the accompanying figure starts with a heading, which should include all except _____.

A) a brief statement of purpose
B) your suggestions
C) your signature
D) your observations

Question 70

A(n) _____, such as Microsoft Outlook, includes a private calendar, a to-do list, and powerful contact management features.

A) personal information manager (PIM)
B) enterprise architecture
C) swim lane
D) fact-finding application

Question 71

If an interviewee gives only short or incomplete responses to open-ended questions, a systems analyst should _____.

A) switch to closed-ended questions
B) give the interviewee easy access to supporting material that might be needed
C) continue using open-ended questions
D) rudely conclude the meeting

Question 72

Case 4-1
​John has finished compiling a list of the various members of the joint application development (JAD) group and the list is as follows: John is the JAD project leader, Tom is the representative from top management, Jennifer is a manager, Alen and Ian are users, Linda and Alex are systems analysts, and Clark is the recorder.
As John develops the agenda, he wants to put the name of the appropriate person next to the agenda item. Whose name would he put next to the final task on the agenda, the task of documenting the results of the JAD session and preparing the report that will be sent to JAD team members?

A) Clark
B) Tom
C) Linda
D) His own

Question 73

When phrasing interview questions, a systems analyst should avoid _____ that suggest or favor a particular reply.

A) range-of-response questions
B) open-ended questions
C) closed-ended questions
D) leading questions

Question 74

In an interview, _____ encourage spontaneous and unstructured responses.

A) open-ended questions
B) closed-ended questions
C) leading questions
D) range-of-response questions

Question 75

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a _____ might select every tenth customer for review.

A) systematic sample
B) stratified sample
C) random sample
D) comprehensive sample

Question 76

When studying an information system, illustrations of actual documents should be collected using a process called _____.

A) stratification
B) randomization
C) indexing
D) sampling

Question 77

Case 4-1
​John has finished compiling a list of the various members of the joint application development (JAD) group and the list is as follows: John is the JAD project leader, Tom is the representative from top management, Jennifer is a manager, Alen and Ian are users, Linda and Alex are systems analysts, and Clark is the recorder.
There have been some rumblings within the firm that this development project is not necessary so John and others feel it is important to explain the reason for the project at the outset. Whose name goes next to this point on the agenda?

A) ​His own
B) Jennifer
C) Alex
D) Tom

Question 78

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a _____ might select any 20 customers.

A) systematic sample
B) stratified sample
C) random sample
D) comprehensive sample

Question 79

In a(n) _____ structure, which usually is based on interpersonal relationships, some people have more influence or knowledge than appears on an organization chart.

A) spontaneous
B) unstructured
C) informal
D) open-ended

Question 80

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a _____ could ensure the sample is balanced geographically by selecting five customers from each of four zip codes.

A) systematic sample
B) stratified sample
C) random sample
D) comprehensive sample