Deck 12: Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia

Question 1

Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by:

A) Impairments in social interaction and communication
B) Restricted or atypical behavior
C) Extraordinary skills (such as knowing the day of the week from a date 100 years ago)
D) Both a and b are correct

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder:

A) Are pretty much the same disorder
B) Were often confused diagnostically in the 1950's and 1960's
C) Are both thought to be due to environmental factors
D) Both a and c are true

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Regarding the epidemic of autism spectrum disorder that is often discussed in the media:

A) There is no research evidence to support an epidemic of autism
B) The significant increase in autism is likely due to environmental toxins
C) The epidemic of autism has been seen world wide
D) Both b and c are correct

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The most common co-morbid disorder with autism spectrum disorder is:

A) Intellectual disability
B) Major depressive disorder
C) Oppositional defiant disorder
D) Conduct disorder

Question 5

The onset of abnormal functioning related to autism spectrum disorder must occur:

A) Prior to birth
B) Early in the developmental period
C) By the age of 13 years old
D) By adulthood

Question 6

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder is:

A) 1.1% (1 in 88 children)
B) More prevalent in males
C) Consistent across Western and Eastern cultures
D) All of the above

Question 7

In contrast to boys diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, when girls are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder:

A) They show higher levels of intellectual functioning than boys
B) They show more severe intellectual impairment than boys
C) They show higher levels of social skills than boys
D) They do not differ significantly from boys

Question 8

In contrast to boys diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, when girls are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder:

A) They show higher levels of intellectual functioning than boys
B) They show more severe intellectual impairment than boys
C) They show higher levels of social skills than boys
D) They do not differ significantly from boys

Question 9

With regard to race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) in prevalence patterns in autism spectrum disorder:

A) There are no known differences in prevalence for either race/ethnicity or SES
B) There are no known differences for race/ethnicity, but there are higher rates of autistic disorder in lower SES groups
C) There are no known differences for SES, but there are higher rates of autistic disorder in Caucasian Americans
D) African Americans living in poverty show the highest rates of autistic disorder

Question 10

Dustin Hoffman's character in the movie "Rainman" could count huge quantities of objects rapidly (e.g., a dropped box of toothpicks) and could recite trivia that most ordinary humans can only dream of, even though he was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.These behaviors are known as:

A) Idiosyncratic skills
B) True intelligence
C) Splinter skills
D) Asperger skills

Question 11

In DSM-IV, Rett's disorder and Childhood disintegrative disorder were included.How were these disorders dealt with in DSM-5?

A) They were included into the new disorder of autism spectrum disorder
B) They were included into the previous diagnosis of pervasive developmental DisorDer
C) They were retained as-is
D) They were deleted

Question 12

I say "Hello, Frank" and Frank says "Hello, Frank." I say "What did you do today?" and Frank replies "What did you do today?" Frank is exhibiting:

A) Splinter skills
B) Echolalia
C) Facilitated communication
D) Expressed emotion

Question 13

A study by Osterling and colleagues (2002) of videotapes of children's first year birthday parties found that:

A) Children who were later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were less likely to look at other children or adults at the party and were less likely to respond to their name than children who were later diagnosed with intellectual disability or who were developmentally "normal" change throughout
B) Children who were later diagnosed with intellectual disability were less likely to look at other children or adults at the party and were less likely to respond to their name than children who were later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder or who were developmentally "normal"
C) Children who were later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability were less likely to look at other children or adults at the party and were less likely to respond to their name than children who were developmentally "normal"
D) There were no differences between the different groups of children

Question 14

In understanding etiology, theory of mind:

A) Has strong research evidence to support the development of autism spectrum DisorDer
B) Has strong research evidence to support the development of schizophrenia
C) Suggests that children with autism spectrum disorder do not develop appropriate cognitive functioning and can not conceptualize mental representations of individuals in a way that allows them to predict others' behavior
D) All of the above are correct

Question 15

Without treatment, most children with severe levels of autism spectrum disorder will grow up and:

A) Many of the symptoms will go away on their own
B) Have a very short life
C) Continue to show significant deficits in language and intellectual functioning in adulthood
D) Have their own children, who will likely develop autistic disorder

Question 16

Most current research points to what etiological factor in the development of autism spectrum disorder?

A) Family functioning (e.g., refrigerator parents)
B) Behavioral theories
C) Cognitive theories
D) Organic deficits

Question 17

Antipsychotic medication is often used with children diagnosed with severe levels of autism spectrum disorder in order to:

A) Decrease visual hallucinations
B) Decrease auditory hallucinations
C) Control severe aggressive behavior
D) All of the above

Question 18

Facilitated communication is:

A) A promising new technique through which individuals with autism spectrum disorder can communicate
B) Completely useless, since the facilitators and not the individual with autism spectrum disorder were conveying the messages on the keyboard
C) Still under investigation as a potential treatment for social skills deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder
D) The way in which children with schizophrenia talk with their imaginary friends

Question 19

Prevention of autism spectrum disorder:

A) Has been studied extensively
B) Is most promising if preventive medical vaccinations are discontinued
C) Can be helped significantly with genetic testing
D) None of the above

Question 20

The treatment for autism spectrum disorder that was developed by Dr.Ivar Lovaas and includes intensive one-on-one behavioral therapy for more than 40 hours per week for over two years:

A) Is still ineffective in treating the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder
B) Is effective in improving social interactions, but does not help intellectual functioning
C) Has been effective with about half of the treated children showing gains in IQ
D) Improves IQ functioning and social functioning in close to 90% of treated individuals

Question 21

Looking back at DSM-IV, what was the primary distinguishing factor between autistic disorder and Asperger's disorder?

A) Language deficits are not present in autistic disorder
B) Language deficits are not present in Asperger's disorder
C) Social impairment is not present in Asperger's disorder
D) Repetitive and stereotyped behavior and interests are not present in Asperger's disorder

Question 22

Based on DSM-IV.....In contrast to autism, Asperger's disorder:

A) Is less severe
B) Has more language impairments
C) Has a clear etiology, with clearly known causes
D) All of the above

Question 23

Research on Asperger's disorder has been limited because:

A) It was only included in the most recent version of the diagnostic system (DSM-IV) is no longer included in DSM-5
B) It is so rare
C) It is such a very severe disorder
D) Most researchers do not believe it exists

Question 24

An 11 year old girl, Soschi, has significant impairments in the social use of language (such as not knowing when to say "hello" and "goodbye" and not understanding that you talk differently to another child versus to a teacher).She has had these problems since early in her life and these troubles impact her daily functioning negatively.She does not exhibit any behavioral difficulties, such as stereotyped movements.What is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Rett's disorder
B) Autism spectrum disorder
C) Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
D) Childhood disintegrative disorder

Question 25

The relatively new movement, which highlights that there is great variation in human behaviors and that we should not pathologize anyone's behavior, is known as:

A) Spectrum centrality
B) Neurodiversity
C) Dimensional diversity
D) Normality movement

Question 26

Believing something that is inaccurate (e.g., that you are the president of the United States...assuming that you are not the president) is known as a(n) , whereas seeing something or hearing something that is not there is known as a(n) .

A) Delusion; hallucination
B) Hallucination; delusion
C) Self-efficacy; facilitated communication
D) Obsession; compulsion

Question 27

Prevalence rates of schizophrenia are:

A) Consistent across developed and developing countries
B) Less than 1% in childhood and adolescence
C) Higher for boys than for girls before adolescence
D) All of the above

Question 28

Most empirical research points to what etiological explanation of the development of schizophrenia?

A) Behavioral
B) Cognitive
C) Genetic
D) Family systems

Question 29

Families with a child or adolescent with schizophrenia tend to show higher rates of hostile, critical, and overinvolved levels of affectively-charged communication than families without schizophrenic offspring.This pattern is known as:

A) Facilitated communication
B) Expressed emotion
C) Communication deviance
D) Comorbidity

Question 30

If you could only choose one treatment for an 18-year old boy who was just diagnosed with schizophrenia, it should be:

A) Antipsychotic medication
B) Family therapy
C) Behavioral therapy
D) Cognitive therapy

Question 31

Risk factors for schizophrenia include:

A) Having a parent with schizophrenia
B) Being from a family with high levels of communication deviance
C) Being from a family with high levels of expressed emotion
D) All of the above
D) All of the above

Question 32

Define autism spectrum disorder and discuss the various aspects of prevalence (e.g., gender, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status).

Question 33

Describe the developmental progression of autism spectrum disorder, from infancy to adulthood.

Question 34

Discuss the history of Asperger's disorder and the similarities and differences from the former diagnosis of autistic disorder.

Question 35

Describe an effective treatment for the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.Provide a discussion of the pros and cons of this treatment.

Question 36

Discuss the neurodiversity movement and provide your own personal reactions (which should be backed up by research).

Question 37

Describe what is known about prevention for autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.

Question 38

Define schizophrenia and discuss the various aspects of prevalence (e.g., gender, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status).

Question 39

Provide a separate summary of the leading theories of etiology for autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.

Question 40

Discuss one of the case studies from your chapter and highlight the symptoms that are consistent with that disorder.

Question 41

Discuss how autism spectrum disorder can be conceptualized from a dimensional manner.