Deck 3: Empowering Older Adults

Question 1

The first step of this behavioral and cognitive management tool is the identification of undesirable and unrealistic thoughts, and the next step is the substitution and regular repetition of positive thoughts in order to shape future behavior. What management tool is this?

A) Healthy pleasures
B) Food proposal diary
C) Cognitive restructuring
D) Cognitive therapy

Answer 1

C
Cognitive restructuring is a tool used in behavioral and cognitive management. The first step toward cognitive restructuring is the identification of undesirable and unrealistic thoughts. The next step is the substitution and regular repetition of positive thoughts in order to shape future behavior. Once patients positively restructured their thoughts, they engage in fewer cognitive distortions, experience less emotional distress, and perform fewer maladaptive behaviors.

Question 2

Self-efficacy is defined as which of the following?

A) One's ability to take care of their health
B) Belief in one's ability to implement a course of action and take care of their health
C) Health behavior change
D) The idea that health can be controlled through the individual's ability to control his or her own behavior (internal locus), or through powerful others or luck (external locus).

Answer 2

B
Self-efficacy may be the most widely utilized and tested concept in social cognitive theory. It is a belief in one's abilities to implement a course of action. Self-efficacy is synonymous with having confidence about behavior change or maintenance within a specific behavioral domain.

Question 3

In your community, what are some of the health-promoting opportunities that are available for older adults? Who sponsors them?
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Answer 3

Answers will vary according to community, but some examples of potential health-promoting opportunities for older adults can include biking groups, mall-walking groups, peer support groups (e.g., grief counseling, mindfulness). These programs can be sponsored by local senior centers, area agency on aging, YMCA/YWCA, hospitals, religious institutions, AARP organizations, health professional associations, health advocacy groups, university or community college-affiliated programs.

Question 4

Describe how andragogy is different than pedagogy?
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Question 5

What term do health educators commonly use to refer to people they provide services to in the community?

A) Person
B) Consumer
C) Patient
D) Client

Question 6

How can physicians empower older patients?

A) Provide education and collaborate on decisions
B) Demand patients make lifestyle modifications
C) Leave treatment decisions to physician
D) Encouraging patient passivity

Question 7

Which of the following perspectives encompasses a wide range of learning concepts that include role-modeling, guided mastery of tasks, verbal persuasion, physiological state, and self-efficacy?

A) Behavioral and cognitive management
B) Health locus of control
C) Social cognitive theory
D) Self-management

Question 8

What does the acronym PRECEDE stand for?

A) Predetermined, retroactive, and enabling constructs in empowering diagnosis and evaluation
B) Predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in enabling diagnosis and evaluation
C) Predetermined, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in educational/ecological diagnosis and evaluation
D) Predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in educational/ecological diagnosis and evaluation

Question 9

What are the stages-of-change?

A) Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance
B) Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance
C) Preparation, Precontemplation, Contemplation, Action, Maintenance
D) Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action

Question 10

Which model of health behavior change focuses on perceived threats, benefits, and barriers?

A) Theory of reasoned action
B) Theory of planned behaviors
C) Health belief model
D) Community-oriented primary care

Question 11

Which of the following statements on healthcare in America is true?

A) 99% of the money we spend on healthcare in America goes toward medical care; less than 1% to prevention.
B) 95% of the money we spend on healthcare in America goes toward medical care; less than 5% to prevention.
C) 90% of the money we spend on healthcare in America goes toward medical care; less than 10% to prevention.
D) 20% of the money we spend on healthcare in America goes toward medical care; less than 80% to prevention.

Question 12

Describe different philosophical orientations among practitioners.
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Question 13

What is elderspeak?

A) A term used when older adults are talking to other older adults
B) A term used to describe the sometimes sweet, but always infantilizing, way of communicating to older adults
C) A term used when a younger person is talking to another older person
D) A term used to convey affection when talking to an older adult

Question 14

Which of the following is the primary source of health information for baby boomers?

A) Internet
B) Journal articles
C) Television
D) Physicians

Question 15

What are the personality characteristics of an effective health educator?

A) Positive attitude, nonjudgmental, patience
B) Self-righteous judgment
C) Promoting quick progress in achieving health goals
D) Authoritarian