Deck 7: Public Health Nutrition: an International Perspective

Question 1

Melissa is a single mother without a job taking care of her newborn. Melissa relies only on donated foods, which are not consistent. Which of the following are causes of poverty?

A) Lack of resources
B) Unequal income distribution
C) Conflict
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A small child has just checked into the emergency room due to malnutrition. All of the following are true of refeeding severely malnourished individuals except:

A) a high-protein diet can stop ongoing nitrogen losses, even when energy balance is negative.
B) malnourished patients with limited mobility will increase their central protein stores and be expected to gain muscle mass.
C) a high-energy, high-protein diet will replete both fat and lean tissue stores.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The following are major global health issues except:

A) diarrheal diseases.
B) smallpox.
C) acute respiratory illnesses in young children.
D) HIV infection.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In addition to causing human suffering, hunger and malnutrition have negative effects on:

A) cognitive development.
B) growth and health.
C) All of these are correct.

Question 5

A threefold strategy is needed to prevent babies from acquiring HIV from their infected mothers:

A) Prevent HIV infection among prospective parents.
B) Avoid unwanted pregnancies among HIV-positive women.
C) Prevent the transmission of HIV from HIV-positive mothers to their infants during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and breastfeeding.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 6

Specific counseling guidelines and recommendations address the following areas, as appropriate, for the client with HIV/AID except:

A) providing a healthful eating plan and principles to ensure adequate nutrient intake using recommended foods and amounts.
B) enforcing food and water safety issues, including food shopping, storage, preparation, and dining away from home.
C) integrating perinatal nutrition and breastfeeding recommendations for HIV-infected mothers of newborn children and ensuring access to infant formula and food as an alternative to breastfeeding.
D) excluding seeking additional therapies

Question 7

A major focus of health and nutrition policies and programs in developing nations is:

A) preventing undernutrition by improving food security.
B) ensuring availability of health services and economic status.
C) All of these are correct.
D) None of these is correct.

Question 8

Hunger is defined as a condition in which people lack the basic food intake needed to provide them with the energy and nutrients for fully productive, active lives.

Question 9

In one-third of households worldwide, women are the sole breadwinners.

Question 10

The added responsibility and financial strain of the caregiver role can lead to caregiver burden and increased stress.

Question 11

Nutrification is the process of adding one or more nutrients to commonly consumed foods with the goal of increasing the nutrient intake.

Question 12

Seven out of 10 hungry people in the world are women and girls.

Question 13

Andrew is a client at the local community health center. He is currently homeless and has signs of wasting, and he is malnourished. Nutritionists should be concerned about refeeding syndrome during the third week of nutritional repletion.

Question 14

The mortality rate in refugee camps has not changed in about 10 years.

Question 15

Jane takes care of her husband who has cancer, in addition to her job at the factory. Jane would be considered part of the statistic that reports that 72 percent of unpaid caregivers today are women.

Question 16

Three areas of concern relating to the world's hunger problems are economical, experimental, and public welfare.

Question 17

Fathers assume the primary responsibility for the health and illness of their young families; wives often care for their aging parents.

Question 18

Considering cultural and ethnic beliefs related to diet and food is appropriate when counseling a client with HIV/AIDS.

Question 19

Food insecurity can be defined as a widespread lack of access to food due to a disaster or war that causes a collapse in the food production and marketing systems.

Question 20

In dietetic practice, hunger is defined as a condition in which people lack the basic food intake to provide them with the energy and nutrients for fully productive, active lives.

Question 21

International campaigns target the prevention and control of chronic diseases.

Question 22

Several countries have organized emergency response agencies for domestic relief, and international agencies have been established by international agreements to address transnational emergency concerns.

Question 23

Supplementary feeding programs often are targeted either toward the moderately malnourished alone or toward the moderately malnourished plus other groups.

Question 24

The formula concentration is 1 kcal/g at an intake of 150 kcal/kg body weight/day in a refugee setting.

Question 25

Casein was used instead of milk products alone because of concerns for lactose intolerance, but the need to have available and inexpensive mixtures minimized the concern.

Question 26

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) has not been very helpful in reducing the mortality rate in malnourished individuals.

Question 27

Foods of interest designed for young children include blended foods, corn-soy blends (CSB), and wheat-soy blends (WSB).

Question 28

The protein source provided during an emergency must be of high biologic value and easily digested.

Question 29

The causes of hunger and malnutrition comprise a wide variety of problems. Name five causes of hunger and malnutrition.

Question 30

What are the strategies that are needed to prevent babies from acquiring an HIV infection from their infected mothers? List three.

Question 31

In developing countries, nutrition transition, which is a shift from a diet high in complex carbohydrates and fiber to a diet high in fat, saturated fat, and sugar, is due to a:

A) shift in income.
B) shift in dietary habits.
C) shift in government.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 32

Ensuring an adequate general food supply is a major public health priority when disaster strikes. Usually, feeding programs that are provided for victims of disasters are divided into two common categories. A feeding program for treatment of severely malnourished individuals is called:

A) supplementary feeding and casein diet.
B) selective and general.
C) selective milk-like formula.
D) therapeutic feeding.

Question 33

The specific changes in body composition induced by refeeding are determined by the existing metabolic state, body composition, and the composition of the refeeding diet. Angela, the dietitian, has a severely malnourished client at risk for refeeding syndrome. Which of the following predisposes the client to an increase in extracellular volume and edema?

A) High sodium and carbohydrate diet
B) Low-protein and high-energy refeeding diet
C) High-energy and high-protein diet
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 34

In 1989, a minimal level of energy requirement for individuals at nutritional risk was set at:

A) 1,800 kcal/person/day.
B) 2,100 kcal/person/day.
C) 1,200 kcal/person/day.
D) 1,900 kcal/person/day.

Question 35

Katrina is an underweight infant who was born to a malnourished mother. She fits into the ratio of underweight infants born by malnourished mothers, which is:

A) 1 out of 9.
B) 1 out of 10.
C) 1 out of 6.
D) 1 out of 12.

Question 36

In the United States, the prevalence of food insecurity decreased by what percentage from 2009 to 2010?

A) 25.9 to 22%
B) 11.2 to 10.2%
C) 14.7 to 14.5%
D) 8.4 to 6.8%

Question 37

Matt is currently living in poverty and hasn't had any food in 3 days. According to the inadequate dietary intake and cycle of disease model, all but which of the following are possible symptoms that Matt might experience immediately following inadequate food and nutrient intake?

A) Appetite loss
B) Altered metabolism
C) Malabsorption
D) Marasmus

Question 38

Eve is a woman living in sub-Saharan Africa. She has an HIV-related infection and is seeking counseling to manage this condition. What steps are appropriate for her?

A) Observing food-medication interactions
B) Educating herself on food and water safety issues
C) Learning how to get an adequate amount of physical activity
D) All of these are correct.

Question 39

Robert lives in a country that just experienced a disastrous war and drought that has caused a widespread lack of access to food in his and all of the surrounding communities. This situation is also known as which of the following?

A) Stunting
B) Kwashiorkor
C) Famine
D) UNICEF

Question 40

The components of Michael's diet have put him at risk for nutrition-related chronic heart conditions. His diet is most likely high in all but which of the following?

A) Fiber
B) Cholesterol
C) Sodium
D) Saturated fat

Question 41

Omari is a dietitian and wants to help establish a basic primary healthcare infrastructure in South Asia. She should focus on which of the following?

A) Immunization against preventable diseases
B) Family planning
C) Maternal nutrition
D) Breastfeeding
E) All of these are correct.

Question 42

Greg works for an international development agency that is trying to create nutrition policies and programs for developing nations. One of the problems that he has encountered is how to prevent the undesirable effects of nutrition transition, and at the same time, do which of the following?

A) Promote economic growth.
B) Establish legal boundaries.
C) Create a monopoly.

Question 43

Patrick is a 5-year-old boy living in an underdeveloped country and has been experiencing malnutrition for several months. An emergency feeding program recently brought over several types of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for Patrick. Which of the following is not a possible ingredient in a prepackaged solution?

A) Glucose
B) Sodium
C) Potassium
D) Wheat

Question 44

Which of the following is not one of the goals developed by the USDA's Community Food Security Initiative to reduce hunger by half by 2015?

A) Highlight innovative community solutions to hunger.
B) Improve coordination between existing antihunger programs.
C) Extend community trade of biofuels.
D) Increase public awareness of the causes and consequences of food insecurity.

Question 45

Joan is a community nutritionist who wants to prevent poverty and malnutrition. Which of the following could she do?

A) Seek the participation of the community in a given project.
B) Raise awareness of the situation among the population.
C) Make efforts towards the mobilization of the masses to effectively empower the poor.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 46

The concept of sustainable agriculture is inspired by three general areas of concern. Stephanie is a scientist and is currently trying to find ways to help farmers reduce the undesirable impact of agriculture on land, water, and wildlife resources. With which of the following would she not be concerned?

A) Public welfare
B) Environmental factors
C) Economic factors
D) Social factors

Question 47

Jeff lives in an underdeveloped country and is one of the estimated 1.4 billion poor people who live on how many U.S. dollars a day or less?

A) 0.5
B) 1
C) 1.5
D) 2

Question 48

Jacob is a dietitian who is putting in an effort to prevent babies from acquiring HIV infection from their infected mothers. Which of the following is an effective strategy?

A) Encourage safe feeding practices.
B) Encourage the use of antiretroviral drugs during labor.
C) Encourage HIV-positive women to avoid unwanted pregnancies.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 49

Gabriel is a 9-year-old boy who lives in Nicaragua. He has trouble finding clean water, and he eats mostly food made with corn. He may even go a few days without eating. What situation is Gabriel experiencing that is defined as poor nutritional status due to dietary intake either above or below the optimal level?

A) Famine
B) Malnutrition
C) Stunting

Question 50

Who are often overlooked in their contribution to prevent food insecurity and malnutrition worldwide?

A) Men
B) Governors
C) Women

Question 51

When working with children in a refugee camp, a dietitian can provide blended foods, which include:

A) corn-soya blend.
B) wheat-soya blend.
C) All of these are correct.
D) None of these is correct.

Question 52

Which of the following does not account for most preventable maternal deaths?

A) Type 2 diabetes
B) Infectious diseases
C) Blood loss
D) Unsafe abortions

Question 53

A retrovirus, HIV infects a cell and uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to transcribe the viral genome onto the cell's DNA, resulting in viral replication by the infected cell.

Question 54

Another way to decrease world hunger is to maintain the world's food supply for the long term by developing policies that promote sustainable agriculture.

Question 55

In feeding programs, the procedures of frequent feeding with high-energy, milk-based diets were successfully introduced into refugee situations in the 1970s.

Question 56

A public health nutritionist found out recently that the relationship between malnutrition and infection is cyclical. Infection predisposes children to malnutrition, which impairs the immune defense system that predisposes children to infection.