Deck 10: Adulthood: Special Health Issues

Question 1

Libby is 50 years old and may be at risk of bone loss. There are both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are determinants of normal bone mass. Which of the following are intrinsic factors?

A) Genetics
B) Family history
C) Ethnicity
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

One observation that a dietitian must make in an individual with hypertension is that dietary factors such as salt, alcohol, and body weight are important to regulate blood pressure. Increasing which of the following are other nonpharmacologic recommendations?

A) Potassium intake
B) Aerobic exercise
C) Quitting smoking
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Peter likes yellow-orange vegetables, broccoli, corn, carrots, garlic, and legumes. He will be at low risk for which type of cancer?

A) Lung cancer
B) Colorectal cancer
C) Uterine cancer
D) Pancreatic cancer

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The National Cancer Institute's dietary guidelines for the prevention of cancer include which of the following?

A) Reduce fat intake to less than 30 percent
B) Increase fiber intake to 20 to 30 g/day
C) Include a variety of vegetables and fruits in the diet daily.
D) Avoid obesity
E) All of these are correct.

Question 5

What has become the recommended method for screening and monitoring the body size of a population?

A) Ideal body weight
B) Body mass index
C) Circumference measures

Question 6

What were some of the most common methods used for weight loss in the observational study conducted by The National Weight Control Registry?

A) Exercise and weight loss shakes
B) Diet pills and restricting certain foods
C) Restricting certain foods, limiting quantities, and counting calories

Question 7

Overweight and obesity and their associated health problems have substantial economic consequences for the U.S. healthcare system.

Question 8

Community nutrition students learned that although BMI is the most commonly used criterion for obesity, there are limitations to this method. The measure may be incorrect for individuals with large muscle mass (e.g., body builders, weight lifters) or those with low muscle mass (e.g., the elderly).

Question 9

Community nutritionists encouraging clients to practice the reduction of the incidence of cancer may recommend that they eat foods that are low in antioxidants and drink green tea.

Question 10

The National Cancer Institute's dietary guidelines for the prevention of cancer include consuming five or more servings of fruits and vegetables every day.

Question 11

Vitamin E is an important complement to calcium because it facilitates absorption of calcium from the diet.

Question 12

Scientists have identified some genes that cause obesity when they are damaged, but the actual mechanism that predisposes an individual to obesity is not clear.

Question 13

An obesogenic environment is broader than the physical environment, and includes costs, laws, policies, social attitudes, cultural attitudes, and values.

Question 14

Alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, and flavonoids are all antioxidants that have been shown to be active in the prevention of cancer.

Question 15

Studies have found no correlation between weight-bearing exercise having a positive effect on bone size and mineralization.

Question 16

Estrogen replacement therapy combined with psychological support is a therapy used to maintain skeletal health in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Question 17

Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are determinants of normal bone mass; diet and exercise are examples of extrinsic factors.

Question 18

A person that likes yellow-orange vegetables, broccoli, corn, carrots, garlic, and legumes is at high risk for colorectal cancer.

Question 19

Circumference measures has become the recommended method for screening and monitoring the body size of a population?

Question 20

Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends 20 minutes of physical activity 3 days of the week or less.

Question 21

Overweight and obesity and their associated health problems have substantial economic consequences for the U.S. health care system.

Question 22

A chronic condition is a disease that can be cured over a period of time.

Question 23

The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity may be associated with food costs.

Question 24

An obesogenic environment is broader than the physical environment, and includes costs, laws, policies, social attitudes, cultural attitudes, and values.

Question 25

Alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, and flavonoids are all antioxidants that have not been shown to be active in the prevention of cancer.

Question 26

Estrogen replacement therapy combined with psychological support is not the therapy used to maintain skeletal health in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Question 27

It has been estimated that 35 percent of cancer mortality is attributable to diet and about 80 percent to environmental factors. List and discuss types of cancer that affect the gastrointestinal tract that are related to diet (list two).

Question 28

The body has an antioxidant defense system that prevents free radical damage. This includes antioxidant nutrients, which can directly scavenge free radicals and deactivate them. List three antioxidant nutrients that can deactivate free radicals.

Question 29

Some risk factors for cardiovascular disease can be modified. List three modifiable risk factors for CVD.

Question 30

Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors determine normal bone mass. List the different elements of intrinsic and extrinsic factor.

Question 31

The fruits and vegetables Healthy People goal found the age-adjusted average number of daily servings of fruit consumed showed little change, from ____________ each day in 1994-1996 to 1.5 in 1999-2000; currently 2.8 percent of people eat more than two servings of fruit each day.

A) 1.6 servings
B) 2.6 servings
C) 3.6 servings
D) 4.6 servings

Question 32

Data showed that from the Healthy People Goals 2003 to 2004, 4 percent of adults 20 years of age or older ate _____________ vegetables, and 22 percent consumed fried potatoes.

A) dark green and orange
B) some sort of
C) only starch
D) red and light green

Question 33

In a community nutrition course, students learned that one of the objectives of Healthy People 2010 is what?

A) Prevent and control heart disease.
B) Prevent and control obesity.
C) Prevent and control cancer.
D) Prevent and control osteoporosis.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 34

One observation that a dietitian must make in an individual with hypertension is that dietary factors such as salt, alcohol, and body weight are important to regulate blood pressure. Other nonpharmacologic recommendations include which of the following?

A) Increasing potassium intake
B) Increasing aerobic exercise
C) Quitting smoking
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 35

Risk factors that are not under the control of the individual, such as age, gender, ethnicity, and family history, are called:

A) nonmodifiable risk factors.
B) modifiable risk factors.
C) controllable risk factors.
D) unconditioned risk factors.

Question 36

Excess levels of blood lipids, such as cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides, is called:

A) dyslipidemia.
B) diabetes.
C) cardiovascular disease.
D) ischemic attach.

Question 37

Low-risk individuals for cardiovascular disease have which of the following health factors?

A) Without diabetes
B) Without cardiovascular disease
C) Systolic blood pressure less than 160 mm Hg
D) All of these are correct.

Question 38

Which of the following is a strategy for reducing heart disease from the National Cholesterol Education Program?

A) Recommend a cholesterol test every 10 years for all adults over age 20.
B) Define low HDL as being less than 200 mg/dL compared to an earlier value of 350 mg/dL.
C) Intensify the use of nutrition, physical activity, and weight control in the treatment of risk of heart disease.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 39

In the United States, more than half of the population is either ______________ or obese, and this condition affects all ages, genders, and ethnic groups.

A) overweight
B) diabetic
C) at risk for increased mortality
D) All of these are correct.

Question 40

BMI is determined by weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (BMI = kg/m²). For adults, a BMI of ___________ or more is classified as obese.

A) 20
B) 25
C) 30
D) 35

Question 41

According to the 2005 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ________ states had obesity prevalence rates of 30 percent or more; 32 states, including those states, had rates of about 25 percent; only one state, Colorado, had less than 20 percent.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 6
D) 9

Question 42

Basal metabolic rate is affected by which of the following factors?

A) Age
B) Genetics
C) Temperature
D) All of these are correct.

Question 43

_______________ is the second most common fatal disease in the United States. Its development involves damage to cells' DNA; this damage occurs over a long period of time and grows at the expense of the healthy cells.

A) Diabetes
B) Obesity
C) Human immunodeficiency virus
D) Cancer

Question 44

Individuals who are alive and without recurrence of cancer ______ years after diagnosis are considered cured.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 5

Question 45

The nutrients that may cause cancer include which of the following?

A) Fat
B) Calories
C) Alcohol
D) All of these are correct.

Question 46

Extrinsic factors include which of the following?

A) Diet
B) Hormonal milieu
C) Specific illness
D) All of these are correct.

Question 47

Daughters of postmenopausal women with a family history of osteoporosis were found to have a _____________ normal bone mass density.

A) higher than
B) same as
C) lower than
D) no relation

Question 48

_____________ is an important complement to calcium because it facilitates absorption of calcium from the diet. In addition to being absorbed through the intestines, it is synthesized endogenously in the skin under the influence of ultraviolet sunlight.

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D

Question 49

Epidemiological data suggest that osteoporosis is more prevalent in regions where _______ intake is low and that milk consumption in childhood and adolescence is directly correlated with postmenopausal bone mineral density.

A) Vegetable
B) Fruit
C) Grain
D) Dairy

Question 50

Calcium intake seems to increase and maintain bone mass. What is the recommended daily intake for men and women ages 51 years and older?

A) 1,200 mg
B) 1,800 mg
C) 1,600 mg

Question 51

In a community nutrition course, students learned that one of the objectives of Healthy People 2010 is what?

A) Prevent and control heart disease
B) Prevent and control obesity
C) Prevent and control cancer
D) Prevent and control osteoporosis
E) All of these are correct.

Question 52

Bonnie is 57 years old and may be at risk of bone loss. There are both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are determinants of normal bone mass. Which of the following are extrinsic factors?

A) Diet and exercise
B) Hormonal milieu
C) Specific illness
D) All of these are correct.

Question 53

Damian recently learned that men should consume tomatoes and tomato sauce because it may reduce the incidence of prostate cancer.

Question 54

Arginine is high in plant protein and seems to lower blood cholesterol, while lysine and methionine (amino acids that are higher in animal proteins) seem to raise plasma cholesterol levels.

Question 55

Community nutrition students learned that BMI is the most commonly used criterion for obesity and there are no limitations to this method.

Question 56

Overweight and obese individuals are not at increased risk for many health conditions.