Deck 2: Immunity

Question 1

A patient who has seasonal allergic rhinitis is having a flare up and is complaining of sneezing and a watery, runny nose (rhinorrhea). The patient is prescribed an antihistamine. The expected effect of this medication is to:

A) promote blood flow to the area to remove inflammatory mediators.
B) promote smooth muscle contraction thereby improving drainage.
C) decrease vascular permeability to decrease rhinorrhea.
D) increase vascular permeability to allow for improved drainage.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The chronic inflammatory response can occur because:

A) organisms can live in granulomas.
B) vascular permeability and edema are prolonged.
C) neutrophil and histamine effects are prolonged.
D) interferons are ineffective and allow replication.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Organisms that multiply by invading host cells and can reside in neurons are:

A) bacteria.
B) fungi.
C) parasites.
D) viruses.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

When the immunoglobulin crosses the placenta, the fetus receives:

A) acquired immunity.
B) passive immunity.
C) cell-mediated immunity.
D) innate immunity.

Question 5

A 20-year-old man just took a home human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody test. He states that it was positive. What is the next step?

A) A p24 antigen test will be done.
B) An ELISA or Western blot will be done.
C) A CD4 count will be obtained to confirm.
D) A viral RNA will be done.

Question 6

A woman just returned from hiking and she is concerned she has Lyme disease. A positive result in which of the following antibody test results would indicate she has an acute infection?

A) Immunoglobulin E
B) Immunoglobulin A
C) Immunoglobulin G
D) Immunoglobulin M

Question 7

A mother brings in her child for a measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and wants to know why more than one shot has to be given for this vaccine to be effective. It is explained to the mother that the vaccine is:

A) made of a carbohydrate, which is ineffective in one dose.
B) live, and often more than one dose is necessary for effectiveness.
C) a toxoid, and the immune system destroys the first therefore more doses are necessary.
D) inactive, and therefore two doses are required for activation.

Question 8

A mechanism involved in the development of autoimmune disorders includes:

A) antibody and complement deposition in tissues.
B) delayed processing of antigens with subsequent antibody production.
C) targeting of the major histocompatibility complex.
D) peripheral and central tolerance failure.

Question 9

The arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus is generally:

A) asymmetrical and worsens with activity.
B) migratory and symmetrical.
C) worse with sun exposure.
D) monoarticular and improves with rest.

Question 10

In addition to a positive antinuclear antibody test, which of the following diagnostic test findings is consistent with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus?

A) Positive anti-double stranded DNA
B) Negative anti-Smith antibodies
C) High C3 and C4 complement levels
D) Low erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Question 11

A 20-year-old woman was just diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. What are strategies she needs to learn to prevent exacerbations?

A) Wearing sunscreen and minimizing sun exposure
B) Avoiding use of nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory medications
C) Avoiding exercise
D) Limiting dairy intake

Question 12

Which of the following is an immunoglobin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reaction?

A) A transfusion reaction resulting from an infusion of incompatible blood into a person who has preexisting antibodies directed against the transfused cells
B) Organ or tissue damage resulting from deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the organs or tissues of an affected person
C) An area of swelling and tenderness in the skin after an intradermal injection of protein material derived from the tubercle bacillus
D) A penicillin reaction characterized by fall in blood pressure and respiratory distress after an injection of penicillin in a person who has become sensitized to penicillin as a result of a previous penicillin injection

Question 13

It is most important to take special precautions with a __________ because of an increased susceptibility to infection as a result of medical therapy.

A) 38-year-old woman receiving immunotherapy for allergies
B) 38-year-old man with diabetes mellitus taking insulin
C) 58-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis taking corticosteroids daily
D) 58-year-old man 5 years after a myocardial infarction taking aspirin daily

Question 14

The major disadvantage of passive immunization is that it:

A) is ineffective.
B) is expensive.
C) interferes with active immunization.
D) induces short-term protection.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about inflammation?

A) It is a specific response to an insult.
B) It requires previous exposure.
C) It is the second level of response to injurious agents.
D) It only lasts for short periods of time.
E) It exists in almost all chronic illness in the body.

Question 16

In which of the following scenarios should there be a suspicion for primary immunodeficiency?

A) A 1-year-old who is hospitalized for pneumonia
B) A 6-year-old who has two colds in a year
C) A 3-month-old with a respiratory infection that is persistent
D) A 3-year-old who has had two middle ear infections in one year.

Question 17

How does the human immunodeficiency virus enter the CD+ membrane?

A) The virus converts its genetic material from RNA to DNA.
B) The virus GP120 fuses with the cell CXCR4.
C) The virus releases integrase onto the cell membrane.
D) The virus releases buds onto the host cell.