Deck 3: Hematopoietic Function

Question 1

Which of the following coenzymes is(are) necessary for normal red blood cell nuclear maturation and DNA synthesis pathway?

A) Vitamin D
B) Folate
C) Calcium
D) Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
E) Both folate and vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

Answer 1

E

Question 2

von Willebrand factor is directly involved in:

A) platelet adhesion and aggregation.
B) platelet production.
C) formation of the fibrin clot.
D) clot dissolution.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

__________ are two important cofactors necessary in the coagulation cascade.

A) Fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor
B) Thromboxane A² and calcium
C) Fibrin and thrombin
D) Fibrinogen and calcium

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A 50-year-old man is having an acute myocardial infarction and will be administered recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). The medication activates plasminogen in order to:

A) decrease platelet adhesion.
B) increase clotting time.
C) promote fibrinolysis.
D) promote coronary vasodilation.

Question 5

A 25-year-old woman comes in complaining of night sweats and at times gets chills. She is losing weight unintentionally. She has no other complaints. A lymph node in her neck that measures 3 cm and is painless is palpated. The most likely diagnosis is:

A) non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
B) Hodgkin lymphoma.
C) Burkitt lymphoma.
D) multiple myeloma.

Question 6

In Hodgkin lymphoma, B cells can become defective as a result of:

A) T-cell inactivation of B cells.
B) premature apoptosis due to lack of differentiation.
C) errors in immunoglobulin gene arrangements.
D) enhanced conversion into plasma B memory cells.

Question 7

A 30-year-old man is complaining of cough, difficulty breathing, and fatigue that he has had for about a month. The cough is nonproductive and he denies fever. He attributes his symptoms to his asthma, which he had as a child. He borrowed an inhaler like he would use for his asthma but he states it doesn't seem to be working. A chest X-ray reveals a mediastinal mass and mediastinal nodes. Based on these findings, which type of cancer is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Hodgkin lymphoma
B) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
C) Myelodysplastic syndrome
D) Ewing sarcoma

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in comparison to Hodgkin lymphoma?

A) It accounts for only 10% of all lymphomas.
B) Reed-Sternberg cells are generally present.
C) Multiple lymph nodes are usually involved.
D) Incidence is higher in young adults.

Question 9

A mother brings in her 7-year-old son for an evaluation. The mother states her son has not been eating well. When questioned, the boy states he is not eating because he feels "bumps" in his neck and like his face is getting big. The mother notes that his face looks different. The family just moved from Africa. The vital signs are normal and his height and weight are appropriate for his age. Physical exam findings are unremarkable except for enlarged tonsils and asymmetrical facial bone distortion and nontender, enlarged lymph nodes palpated in his head and neck region. Based on these findings, which type of childhood lymphoma is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Burkitt lymphoma
B) Large-cell lymphoma
C) Lymphoblastic lymphoma
D) Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 10

Abnormal immunoglobulins known as M proteins and free light chains produced by plasma cells are characteristic of:

A) non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
B) multiple myeloma.
C) myelodysplastic syndrome.
D) acute myelogenous leukemia.

Question 11

Most lymphomas arise in:

A) T cells.
B) Reed-Sternberg cells.
C) B cells.
D) NK cells.

Question 12

A 66-year-old black man comes in complaining of back pain. Diagnostic tests are done and include an X-ray, a complete blood count with differential, and a comprehensive metabolic panel (e.g., glucose, potassium, calcium, albumin). Which findings are consistent with multiple myeloma?

A) Hypocalcemia
B) High platelet level
C) High neutrophil count
D) Diffuse well-defined "punched out" lytic lesions

Question 13

A patient with myelodysplastic syndrome is at risk for the development of which of the following types of hematologic cancer?

A) Acute myelogenous leukemia
B) Acute lymphocytic leukemia
C) Multiple myeloma
D) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Question 14

Which chromosomal abnormality is commonly associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia?

A) Nondisjunction of chromosome 21
B) Defects in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene
C) Inversion at chromosome 22
D) Translocation of chromosome 9 and 22 leading to a fusion protein known as BCR-ABL

Question 15

Abnormalities in which immature precursor leukocyte cells are associated with leukemia are known as:

A) bands.
B) blasts.
C) reticulocytes.
D) granulocytes.

Question 16

A 5-year-old child is brought in by his parents who report that she has not been eating well, and they think she is losing weight even though her belly looks bloated. They also noticed that she is limping when she walks. Physical examination reveals a pale, quiet girl. Small bruises are noted on her shins and upper arms. Her heart sounds and lung sounds are normal. She has hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. The remainder of the exam is normal. Which type of hematologic cancer should be suspected?

A) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
B) Acute myelogenous leukemia
C) Myeloblastic syndrome
D) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 17

Iron-deficiency anemia is characterized by red blood cells that are:

A) normocytic and normochromic.
B) microcytic and hypochromic.
C) macrocytic and normochromic.
D) microcytic and normochromic.

Question 18

A 60-year-old woman is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. The transferrin level is high with this type of anemia because:

A) the microcytic RBCs are defective.
B) there is not enough iron to bind.
C) the body is trying to deliver more iron.
D) more iron is stored.

Question 19

A 5-year-old male child has a bleeding disease that is characterized by areas of hemorrhage in the joints and muscles after minor injuries. Laboratory tests reveal a deficiency of a coagulation factor active in the early phase of blood coagulation (formation of intrinsic thromboplastin). What is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Thrombocytopenia
B) Hemophilia
C) Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome
D) Protein C deficiency

Question 20

A 55-year-old woman has a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. The most likely cause is:

A) vitamin B₁₂ or folic acid deficiency.
B) hemolysis of red blood cells due to autoantibodies.
C) iron deficiency resulting from chronic gastrointestinal blood loss.
D) replacement of bone marrow by metastatic tumor.

Question 21

Which of the following is a common feature of all forms of leukemia?

A) Reduction in leukocytes leading to bone marrow destruction
B) Proliferation of malignant lymphocytes altering leukocyte production
C) Tumor cell masses in the bone marrow that usually result in bone destruction
D) Uncontrolled proliferation of malignant leukocytes causing an overcrowding of bone marrow and abnormal hematopoiesis

Question 22

A patient is diagnosed with a vitamin B12 deficiency. What dietary recommendations should be made to increase his B12 levels?

A) Increase red meat consumption.
B) Consume more lactose free products.
C) Increase vegetable and reduce meat consumption.
D) Increase fiber consumption.

Question 23

Parents just learned that their infant son has sickle cell anemia based on newborn screening. They want to know what kind of symptoms he might get from the disease. What would the parents be told?

A) Symptoms at first usually consists of low back pain.
B) Your baby's hands and feet may swell.
C) Your baby may become insensitive to pain.
D) Your baby may develop a heart murmur.

Question 24

Which of the following triggers can precipitate a sickle cell crisis?

A) Fever
B) Overhydration
C) Dehydration
D) Stress
E) Fever, dehydration, and stress

Question 25

Large amounts of folic acid are stored in the body for long periods of time.