Deck 5: Respiratory Function

Question 1

Which of the following patients in the emergency room would have the highest priority for evaluation?

A) 6-month-old female with Hfever, audible inspiratory stridor, and restlessness
B) 25-year-old male with nasal drainage and hoarseness
C) 40-year-old female with fever, severe body aches, and nasal congestion
D) 82-year-old male with mild dyspnea on exertion

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following acute respiratory infections in children poses the greatest threat of severe hypoxia caused by airway obstruction?

A) Allergic rhinitis
B) Bronchiolitis
C) Epiglottitis
D) Croup

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Several employees at a factory develop Legionnaires' disease. Which of the following is important to include in the education you give to the employees regarding this disease?

A) It is highly contagious.
B) It is spread by drinking warm water.
C) It is usually spread through air ventilation systems.
D) It is often found on surfaces like doorknobs and telephones.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following are symptoms of tuberculosis?

A) Weight loss
B) Fever
C) Persistent cough for 2-3 weeks
D) All of these are correct.

Question 5

A 12-year-old girl presents to the emergency room wheezing with prolonged expiration and chest tightness lasting for 45 minutes and is unrelieved by her usual treatment. These findings are consistent with:

A) acute bronchiolitis.
B) status asthmaticus.
C) spasmodic croup.
D) epiglottitis.

Question 6

A patient who has a known history of cardiac problems and currently smokes comes in complaining of sudden onset of sharp, stabbing pain that intensifies with a deep breath. The pain is occurring on only one side and can be isolated on general assessment. This description is most likely caused by:

A) pleural effusion.
B) angina pectoris.
C) atelectasis.
D) pericarditis

Question 7

Which type of pulmonary disorders requires more force to expire a volume of air?

A) Acute respiratory distress syndrome
B) Atelectasis
C) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D) Pneumothorax

Question 8

Which of the following pulmonary disorders is characterized as restrictive (prevention of full lung expansion)?

A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
B) Asthma
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Question 9

Which mediators are released during the initial acute early phase of asthma?

A) Interferon, bradykinin, and interleukins
B) Lymphokines, serotonin, and eosinophils
C) Neutrophils, serotonin, and prostaglandins
D) Histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes

Question 10

Croup is usually caused by:

A) streptococcus.
B) staphylococcus.
C) parainfluenza virus.
D) haemophilus Influenzae.

Question 11

A child is brought into the urgent care center with rhinorrhea, seal-like barking cough, and a low-grade fever. Although generally a mild, self-limiting disorder, which complication is more likely to occur?

A) Airway narrowing and obstruction
B) Meningitis
C) Severe dehydration
D) Endocarditis

Question 12

The respiratory syncytial virus is often implicated in which pulmonary disorder that usually occurs during the first year of life?

A) Bronchiolitis
B) Croup
C) Epiglottitis
D) Pneumonia

Question 13

A 25-year-old, tall, thin man is exercising and suddenly experiences shortness of breath and pleural pain and is breathing fast. He has no past medical history. He goes to the emergency room. A likely cause of these symptoms is a(n):

A) panic attack.
B) pleural effusion.
C) acute asthma attack.
D) spontaneous pneumothorax.

Question 14

A mother brings her 5-year-old child in because the child snores and has difficulty breathing when sleeping and seems to move around a lot when sleeping. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is suspected. What is a likely physical exam finding to support the most common cause of OSAS in children?

A) Exudate on tonsils
B) Noted mouth breathing and enlarged tonsils
C) Nasal congestion
D) Nonproductive cough

Question 15

Which of the following can be used to measure hypercapnia?

A) End tidal carbon dioxide detector
B) Pulse oximeter
C) Chemistry profile
D) Chest X-ray

Question 16

Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for developing laryngeal cancer?

A) 30-year-old landscaper who is in the sun most of the day
B) 40-year-old woman who is an opera singer and occasionally gets hoarse
C) 60-year-old man who smokes and drinks 4-5 alcoholic beverages 4 times a week
D) 80-year-old man with diabetes

Question 17

The most common manifestations of acute epiglottitis in children is(are):

A) tripod positioning.
B) seal-like barking cough.
C) "hot potato" voice.
D) acutely high fever.
E) severe cough.
F) tripod positioning, "hot potato" voice, and acutely high fever.

Question 18

An infant is born with a surfactant deficiency. Surfactant is important and:

A) reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse.
B) prevents mucous from become trapped.
C) prevents organisms from entering the lungs.
D) promotes bronchodilation.

Question 19

A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxia and decreased pulmonary compliance as a result of massive alveolar capillary membrane injury and acute lung inflammation is a description of:

A) pneumonia.
B) acute respiratory distress syndrome.
C) tension pneumothorax.
D) pleural effusion.

Question 20

Which of the following is accurate pertaining to cystic fibrosis?

A) It is characterized by reversible airway obstruction and bronchial hyperreactivity.
B) It is caused by a mutation in the transmembrane conductance regulator.
C) It affects cells that produce mucus, saliva, sweat, and digestive secretions.
D) It affects goblet cells and surfactant production.
E) It is caused by a mutation in the transmembrane conductance regulator and affects cells that produce mucus, saliva, sweat, and digestive secretions.

Question 21

In which disorder are alveoli ventilated but not perfused?

A) Pulmonary emboli
B) Pneumonia
C) Asthma
D) Chronic obstructive lung disease

Question 22

The purpose of positive end-expiratory pressure setting on a ventilator is to:

A) increase perfusion.
B) increase oxygenation.
C) avoid alveolar collapse.
D) maintain tidal volume.

Question 23

Which of the following types of lung cancer is more common?

A) Small cell carcinoma
B) Oat cell carcinoma
C) Adenocarcinoma
D) Mesothelioma

Question 24

Which of the following are possible causes of chronic cough?

A) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Asthma
D) Upper respiratory tract infection
E) Gastroesophageal reflux disease and asthma

Question 25

Interferon gamma assays used for tuberculosis testing have which of the following advantages over the tuberculin skin tests?

A) They are not affected by bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination.
B) They can distinguish between latent and active tuberculosis.
C) They can provide information pertaining to the presence of resistant organisms.
D) They can be used to guide therapy.

Question 26

Which of the following manifestations is usually absent in streptococcal pharyngitis?

A) Fever
B) Lymphadenopathy
C) Cough
D) Sore throat

Question 27

In which of the following cases should an antibiotic be prescribed for acute rhinosinusitis?

A) A 25-year-old who began having symptoms 2 days prior
B) A 40-year-old who was feeling better after 5 days but then started getting worse
C) A 60-year-old with hypertension and a history of pneumonia who comes in with symptoms that started 3 days prior
D) A 15-year-old with a deviated septum who developed symptoms 4 days prior