Deck 13: Pulmonary and Nasal Drug Delivery

Question 1

Drag the inhalers to the technologies they possess.
___ Active dispersion DPIs.

A) Air-jet nebulizers
B) Micro-Air NE-U22V
C) Aeroneb Go
D) SmartMist
E) Vectura Aspirair

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Drag the inhalers to the technologies they possess.
___ Vibrating mesh.

A) Air-jet nebulizers
B) Micro-Air NE-U22V
C) Aeroneb Go
D) SmartMist
E) Vectura Aspirair

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Drag the inhalers to the technologies they possess.
___ Venturi effect.

A) Air-jet nebulizers
B) Micro-Air NE-U22V
C) Aeroneb Go
D) SmartMist
E) Vectura Aspirair

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Drag the inhalers to the technologies they possess.
___ Breath actuated pMDIs.

A) Air-jet nebulizers
B) Micro-Air NE-U22V
C) Aeroneb Go
D) SmartMist
E) Vectura Aspirair

Question 5

Drag the inhalers to the technologies they possess.
___ Static mesh.

A) Air-jet nebulizers
B) Micro-Air NE-U22V
C) Aeroneb Go
D) SmartMist
E) Vectura Aspirair

Question 6

Match the following aerosol size with their regions of deposition.
___ Alveolar duct

A) 4.7-5.7
B) 3.3-4.6
C) 2.1-3.2
D) 1.1-2.0
E) 0.7-1.0
F) 0.4-0.6

Question 7

Match the following aerosol size with their regions of deposition.
___ Secondary bronchi

A) 4.7-5.8
B) 3.3-4.7
C) 2.1-3.3
D) 1.1-2.1
E) 0.7-1.0
F) 0.4-0.7

Question 8

Match the following aerosol size with their regions of deposition.
___ Pharynx

A) 4.7-5.9
B) 3.3-4.8
C) 2.1-3.4
D) 1.1-2.2
E) 0.7-1.0
F) 0.4-0.8

Question 9

Match the following aerosol size with their regions of deposition.
___ Alveoli

A) 4.7-5.10
B) 3.3-4.9
C) 2.1-3.5
D) 1.1-2.3
E) 0.7-1.0
F) 0.4-0.9

Question 10

Match the following aerosol size with their regions of deposition.
___ Trachea,primary branch

A) 4.7-5.11
B) 3.3-4.10
C) 2.1-3.6
D) 1.1-2.4
E) 0.7-1.0
F) 0.4-0.10

Question 11

Match the following aerosol size with their regions of deposition.
___ Terminal bronchi

A) 4.7-5.12
B) 3.3-4.11
C) 2.1-3.7
D) 1.1-2.5
E) 0.7-1.0
F) 0.4-0.11

Question 12

The extent of deposition of inhaled particles depends on the __________and ________,__________,and _________ of particles. __________________ is the percentage of inhaled particles below the particle size of 5 µm. overall,inhaled particle with unit density and diameter of _____to_____ µm exhibit penetration into the lungs.

Question 13

Unscramble the following letters to get the words for two major categories of nebulizers used for pulmonary drug delivery:
ERTAIJ and ACROTLUNIS

Question 14

How would you counsel patients for using pMDIs?

Question 15

Fill in the blank: One example of controlled particle dispersion method for nasal drug delivery is ________. Devices developed by this technology ________the natural airflow in the nose. Usually,in the human nose,inspired air flows in a __________fashion.

Question 16

List five physiological and pharmaceutical factors which affect drug absorption via nasal route.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: DPIs are available as either _____dose or _____dose systems. For passive DPIs,patients use their _____________to generate aerosols. Active DPIs use _________,______ and _______ force to generate aerosols.

Question 18

Which of the following are advantages of pulmonary drug delivery?

A) Rapid onset of action
B) Non-invasive
C) First metabolism bypass
D) Vast surface area for absorption
E) All of the above

Question 19

Which is the following sequence correctly describes the respiratory tract?

A) Alveolar sacs>bronchioles>bronchi>terminal bronchioles>alveolar ducts>trachea
B) Trachea>bronchioles>bronchi>terminal bronchioles>alveolar sacs>alveolar ducts
C) Trachea>bronchi>bronchioles>terminal bronchioles>alveolar ducts>alveolar sacs
D) Trachea>terminal bronchioles>bronchioles>bronchi>alveolar sacs>alveolar ducts

Question 20

Factors that affect drug absorption via the lungs are

A) Particle size and deposition pattern
B) Devices used to deliver a drug via the pulmonary route
C) Pathological condition of the lungs
D) All of the above

Question 21

The rate of diffusion of a drug across the respiratory mucus depends on

A) Thickness of mucus layer
B) Molecular weight of the drug
C) Interaction between drug and mucus
D) All of the above

Question 22

What types of formulations are usually used in nebulizers?

A) Powder agglomerates
B) Aqueous solution
C) Micronized suspension
D) Emulsion
E) Both b and c

Question 23

Which of the following is/are NON-OZONE depleting propellants?

A) Dichlorodifluoromethane
B) Dichlorotetrafluoromethane
C) Trichloromonofluoromethane
D) Hydrofluorocarbons

Question 24

The term 'venturi' or 'venturi effect' is related to which type of nebulizers?

A) Air-jet type
B) Ultrasonic type
C) Static mesh type
D) Vibrating mesh type

Question 25

Select the correct statements regarding DPIs.

A) Patient's inspiratory flow rate activate passive DPIs
B) Currently available DPIs are only for single dose
C) Pneumatic,electric and vibratory forces activate active DPIs
D) DPIs contain ozone depleting excipients

Question 26

Which of the following may occur to particles inhaled via the pulmonary route?

A) Undergo enzymatic degradation
B) Phagocytosed by macrophages
C) Cleared by mucociliary clearance
D) Dissolved in respiratory mucus
E) All of the above

Question 27

Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) is the

A) Diameter of a sphere of unit density that has the same settling velocity in air as aerosol particle in question
B) Aerodynamic diameter that has 50% of the aerosol mass residing above and 50% of are smaller than the median
C) Ratio of the particle diameter at the 84.1% point on the cumulative distribution curve to the aerodynamic diameter

Question 28

Patient's inspiratory force determines the drug delivery efficiency by

A) Nebulizers
B) Dry powder inhalers
C) Pressurized metered dose inhalers

Question 29

Spacers are used to

A) Reduce oropharyngeal deposition and increase lung deposition
B) Reduce or eliminate the coordination between actuation and inhalation
C) Reduce the risk of oral candiasis and dysphonia with inhaled corticosteroids
D) Reduce systemic absorption from the GIT
E) All of the above

Question 30

Inertial deposition of particles occurs in

A) Larger airways
B) Peripheral airways
C) Small airways

Question 31

Disadvantages of nebulizers are

A) Drug wastage
B) Lack of portability
C) Dosing is not precise
D) Huge variation between different models and operating conditions
E) All of the above

Question 32

Which of the following devices require hand-mouth coordination?

A) Dry powder inhalers
B) Pressurized metered dose inhalers
C) Nebulizers

Question 33

The factors may influence drug absorption from the nose are

A) Nasal secretion
B) Site of deposition
C) Nasal blood flow
D) Enzymes present in the nose
E) All of the above

Question 34

Choose the correct statement regarding permeability,clearance and contact time of the nasal epithelium

A) Nasal clearance from the posterior cavity is faster than that from the anterior cavity
B) The permeability of the posterior portion of the nose is higher than that of the anterior portion
C) The anterior part of the nose provides greater contact time compared to the posterior portion
D) Nasal clearance from the anterior cavity is slower than that from the posterior cavity
E) All of the above are correct

Question 35

Choose the correct statement regarding nasal sprays and nasal drops.

A) The clearance of nasal drops is much faster than the clearance of the sprays
B) Nasal sprays deposit in the anterior nasal cavity
C) Nasal drops deposit drug throughout the nasal cavity
D) Nasal sprays deposit in the posterior nasal cavity
E) a,b and c are correct

Question 36

Limitations of current nasal delivery systems are

A) ~90% of nasally administered drug undergoes clearance or swallowing
B) Liquid drips after delivery
C) Dose inaccuracy due to variability in spray patterns
D) Do not deliver drug to the upper region of the nose
E) All of the above are correct

Question 37

Bidirectional nasal drug delivery technology does not deliver drugs both via oral and nasal inhalation.

Question 38

Which of the following is not related to nasal anatomy?

A) Sinus
B) Turbinates
C) Vestibule
D) Bronchioles
E) Adenoid

Question 39

How much breath-holding is recommended for efficient deposition of drugs in the respiratory tract?

A) 10-15 sec
B) 5-10 sec
C) 30-60 sec

Question 40

Inhaled particles between 5-10 µm diameters are deposited on the tracheobronchial surface by impaction.

Question 41

Which of the following is preferred device for delivery of biologics via pulmonary inhalation?

A) MDIs
B) Nebulizers
C) DPIs

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The tracheobronchial region which starts at larynx and terminates at terminal bronchioles is also known as _____________.

Question 43

Increased/Decreased (choose one) tidal volume produces greater penetration of aerosol particles into the tracheobronchial and alveolar regions.

Question 44

Which of the following can be used to increase the solubilization of poorly soluble drugs?

A) Ethanol
B) Propylene glycol
C) Micellar formulation
D) Micronized suspension
E) All of the above

Question 45

Fill in the blank: Spray freeze drying method is used to increase the ________ of biologics.

Question 46

Fine particle fraction is the percentage of inhaled particles below the particle size of

A) 10 µm
B) 5 µm
C) 1 µm
D) 20 µm

Question 47

Lung surfactants reduce the surface tension and help preventing the collapse of alveoli.