Deck 20: Understanding Research Utilization and EBP Collaboration in Nursing Practice.

Question 1

A nurse is reading a nursing journal article that discuses several research studies, and the nurse is thinking about how the information from the studies could be best used in the nurse's clinical practice. How is the nurse specifically applying the process of research utilization?

A) The nurse is contemplating applying research findings from to practice.
B) The nurse is analyzing multiple research studies to synthesize findings.
C) The nurse is appreciating the importance of clinical decision making.
D) The nurse is using previous personal experience to build confidence.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between research utilization and EBP?

A) Research utilization is a process of evaluating multiple studies for the most generalizable findings; EBP is use of the most recent study on a topic.
B) Research utilization involves changing practice based on findings of a single research study; EBP is the syntheses of findings from multiple studies to incorporate with practitioner skills and client preference to determine best care.
C) Research utilization is the application of research findings to healthcare practice; EBP is considered in selecting medication options.
D) Research utilization is review of research publications; EBP is using the healthcare provider's perception of what care would be best in individual situations.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is the best definition of research?

A) Research is critically thinking about problems that occur in health care to determine possible solutions.
B) Research is information that is based on personal experience or tradition.
C) Research is planned and systematic activity that leads to new knowledge and/or the discovery of solutions to problems or questions.
D) Research is trying a variety of approaches to a clinical problem and settling on the approach that is effective most of the time.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which level of EBP collaboration is being demonstrated when a regional hospital provides performance criteria for promoting best practices at each nurse's site of care?

A) Regional
B) International
C) National
D) Organizational

Question 5

Of the situations listed, which is the best example of collaboration between the levels described in the model of EBP collaboration?

A) A healthcare organization funds a group of nurses to attend a research conference related to practice areas that have had less than desirable outcomes in the past year.
B) An individual nurse searches several databases for the best evidence to support practice with a population of clients on a particular unit.
C) A participant at a national nursing organization conference listens attentively to presenters related to the most relevant topics for the population served.
D) A staff nurse uses findings from the Joanna Briggs Institute to support an EBP project, evaluates outcomes, and reports the findings at an international conference.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of one step a staff nurse can take to advance EBP at the point of care?

A) Establish the culture for EBP in institutional settings.
B) Identify clinical questions related to current nursing practice.
C) Promote consistent practice changes among different shifts.
D) Reward nurses involved in EBP and help those who lack involvement.

Question 7

As a staff nurse, what is the best way you could further educate yourself about EBP?

A) Read evidence related to your area of practice on a regular basis.
B) Watch what other nurses do.
C) Follow the example of your supervisor.
D) Act as a role model for younger staff.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of how a nurse manager can advance EBP as part of evaluating his or her staff?

A) Set a good example with own behavior.
B) Clearly outline goals for the team.
C) Use performance criteria related to EBP.
D) Participate in QI initiatives.

Question 9

An area of concern due to a gap in knowledge that requires a solution that can be described, explained, or predicted to improve practice is known as which of the following?

A) Research problem
B) Purpose statement
C) Research hypothesis
D) Purpose theory

Question 10

Which of the following areas of concern could form the basis for a potential research study?

A) It is reported that more patients are admitted between the hours of midnight and 4:00 a.m.
B) Nurses working the night shift comment that they would prefer to work during the daytime.
C) A nurse observes that it more serious patient falls and related complications occur at night.
D) A patient complains that the nurses who work the evening shift are not attentive to patients.

Question 11

"To determine if brief screening for alcohol use and nursing intervention during orientation reduces self-reported alcohol use, alcohol-related injuries, and visits to the emergency room by college students during their freshman year" is an example of which of the following?

A) Problem statement
B) Purpose statement
C) Research question
D) Research hypothesis

Question 12

How does the literature review focus of an undergraduate student writing an academic paper differ from that of a nurse researcher's literature review?

A) The student writing a paper is gathering information.
B) The student is helping to identify a research problem.
C) The student is able is to identify gaps in current research.
D) The student is providing a source for publication of findings.

Question 13

Which of the following reasons is the most important reason for a nurse to develop abilities needed to perform a research review and increase knowledge about a specific topic?

A) A substantial review helps to focus on a research question.
B) The nurse can identify areas where more research is needed.
C) It provides the basis for informed EBP-based decision making.
D) A nurse needs to continue academic writing skills even in practice.

Question 14

To begin a literature review, what initial sources would you use to locate information on your topic of interest?

A) Online search engines, journal archives in the local library, and recommendations from your supervisor or professor
B) Journal articles by nationally recognized researchers, health sciences publication indexes, and online search engines
C) Health sciences publication indexes, government and university literature databases, academic and hospital library resources
D) Textbooks, government and university literature databases, and online medical sites

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a primary source?

A) A biography of Florence Nightingale
B) A journal article by a researcher
C) A systematic review of a study
D) A nursing textbook on EBP

Question 16

How do primary sources used in in scholarly literature differ from primary sources used in other periodicals?

A) Scholarly literature primary sources contain original information.
B) Primary sources in scholarly literature are written only by experts.
C) Scholarly literature primary sources are for academic use only.
D) Primary sources in scholarly literature undergo rigorous peer-review.

Question 17

How do practice and theory relate to research?

A) Theory requires repeated clinical studies of research that are put in clinical practice.
B) Literature review provides the basis of both practice and theory development.
C) Both practice and theory require extensive peer review of primary research sources.
D) Practice relies on research and theory provides questions that drive research.

Question 18

The four broad concepts that are core to nursing are person, environment, health, and nurse; these are known as which of the following?

A) Metaparadigm
B) EBP model
C) Proposition
D) Nursing theory

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a construct?

A) A hospital
B) Social support
C) Patients in a unit
D) A nursing organization

Question 20

Why is theory important for a nurse to use in EBP?

A) It is one of the four broad concepts core to nursing.
B) It helps nurses understand research studies that are technical.
C) It provides a framework to nurses as they assess and provide care.
D) It is a set of concepts linked through propositions to explain phenomenon.

Question 21

Which of the following roles represent the major difference between experimental and nonexperimental designs?

A) Variables
B) Participants
C) Researchers
D) Reviewers

Question 22

A researcher studying alcohol usage at colleges and universities may investigate and compare alcohol usage of young adults that attend a college or university against those who do not. This is an example of which type of quantitative study?

A) Between-groups
B) Random sampling
C) Within-groups
D) Random assignment

Question 23

A research assistant is interviewing elderly adults at community center, but only adults who have access to transportation to the center are likely to participate. This illustrates what type of threat to external validity?

A) Interaction of treatment with selection of subjects
B) Research bias of only elderly adult participation
C) Interaction of treatment and setting generalization
D) Effects of selection limiting representativeness

Question 24

Which of the following characteristics makes randomized controlled trials (RCT) different from other types of quantitative research studies?

A) An RCT is clinical in nature and is conducted in a healthcare setting.
B) RCTs only use one type of experimental design during research.
C) An RCT requires subjects to first sign a confidentiality agreement.
D) RCTs use a small number of subjects from a single geographic area.

Question 25

If subjects participating in a two-group pretest-posttest design research study about bipolar disorder are given a knowledge test about the disorder being studied multiple times, what is the potential disadvantage?

A) The selection bias of only choosing subjects that take the test.
B) There will be an apparent lack of differences between the results
C) A threat to validity and mortality from repeated subject testing.
D) The longer time needed for testing requires a larger sample size.

Question 26

Which of the following design type allows researchers to manipulate more than one intervention during the same experiment?

A) Multiple group
B) Crossover
C) Factorial
D) Quasi-experimental

Question 27

Why might a researcher choose to use a nonexperimental design over an experimental design for a particular research study?

A) For reasons of practicality and ethics
B) When little information is known about a phenomenon
C) For early stages of theory development
D) All of these are correct.

Question 28

How would researchers conduct a community-based participatory research study with the goal of improving home oral health care of migrant workers' children?

A) The migrant community would be consulted to determine the needs, priorities, strengths, purpose, methods, and desired outcomes of the study to fit within the culture.
B) The children of the migrant parents would be asked to demonstrate their oral health care routine without knowledge of participation in the study to prevent bias.
C) Two groups of children would be studied to compare how the effect of community-based oral hygiene education affected each group's oral health outcomes.
D) Researchers would implement an educational approach for parents and community leaders to be able to, in turn, research their children's oral health.

Question 29

Which of the following would be an example of a determinant?

A) Parents' health history
B) H1N1 virus exposure
C) Chromosomal formation
D) Research about vaccines

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of the etiology of lung cancer?

A) Family history
B) Emphysema
C) Tobacco use
D) Obesity

Question 31

A research study to determine if cell phone usage results in brain cancer would use which of the following types of investigation?

A) Descriptive epidemiology
B) Exposure studies
C) Analytic epidemiology
D) Ecologic studies

Question 32

When an epidemiologist determines that the disease transmission cycle of an infectious disease outbreak can be controlled with a vector control, which side of the epidemiologic triangle is being broken?

A) The agent to the environment
B) The host to the environment
C) The agent to the host
D) The environment to the agent

Question 33

Which of the following epidemiologic measures can be best used to compare and contrast health outcomes across populations when populations differ in size?

A) Count data
B) Proportion
C) Rate
D) Ratio

Question 34

What makes qualitative research designs different from quantitative research designs?

A) Quantitative designs use words to describe or give meaning to a phenomenon, and qualitative designs use numbers.
B) Quantitative designs use numbers to give meaning to a phenomenon or an event, and qualitative designs rely on words.
C) Qualitative designs predict causality, whereas quantitative designs describe, predict, or explain phenomena.
D) Quantitative research is exploratory and inductive, whereas qualitative research aims to reach conclusions by deduction and hypothesis testing.

Question 35

Which term refers to volunteers in qualitative research studies?

A) Participants
B) Candidates
C) Subjects
D) All of these are correct.

Question 36

Which one of the four essential elements of evaluation of qualitative research can be compared as the equivalent to the qualitative research element of validity?

A) Confirmability
B) Credibility
C) Dependability
D) Transferability

Question 37

Which of the following would be an example of a question of phenomenology qualitative research?

A) What is the process of diagnosis and treatment for diabetes?
B) What are the practices of preventing diabetes in the United States?
C) What was the treatment of diabetes in the mid twentieth century in the United States?
D) What is the experience of a middle-aged American male being diagnosed with diabetes?

Question 38

Descriptive research differs from explanatory research because descriptive research is solely concerned with identifying relationships among the phenomena being studied.

Question 39

The ethical principle of beneficence can be compared with respect for persons because beneficence involves risk of possible harm and autonomy involves allowing a subject to make an informed decision about treatment because the risk of possible harm is made clear.

Question 40

An example of a research hypothesis is: "The use of alcohol by freshman at the State University contributes to alcohol-related injuries and increasing numbers of visits to the local emergency room."

Question 41

"The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which sex, age, height, and weight predict selected physiologic outcomes: namely, forced expiratory volume (FEV) in 1 second, hemoglobin concentration, food intake, serum glucose concentration, total serum cholesterol concentration, and cancer-related weight change (Brown et al., 1997)." In this study, the dependent variable is the physiologic outcomes.

Question 42

The best way to facilitate an effective search using an index is to know which key terms to use.

Question 43

When credit is given for a new idea generated by challenging an old idea, it ethically builds nursing knowledge and helps others understand the evolution of that knowledge by honoring the prior research work.

Question 44

Because internal and external validity were originally developed to evaluate cause-and-effect relationships, this makes them most relevant for experimental designs. However, validity should still be considered with all quantitative designs.

Question 45

Also known as prospective designs, cohort designs differ from longitudinal designs because cohort designs gather data about subjects at more than one point in time. They can be a panel design, crossover design, trend study, or follow-up study.

Question 46

In epidemiology, the difference between sensitivity and specificity is that sensitivity is able to identify people with a disease by negative test results, and specificity determines by positive test results.

Question 47

Examples of sources of data in qualitative research might include artifacts such as documents, photographs, and physical object, as well as in-depth interviews and direct observations.

Question 48

One difference in the method of ethnographic qualitative research from the other types is that it uses the method of strategic sampling of a group of people who witnessed or participated in the phenomenon being studied.

Question 49

One example of an ethical consideration of qualitative research that is generally not found in quantitative research is that that a participant may share personal information after developing a friendship-type relationship with the researcher, and the participant may not expect that information to be used as study data.

Question 50

In what way can evidence from disciplines other that of nursing compare to nursing evidence and be helpful to a nurse?

A) Theory-based non-nursing evidence can fill gaps and provide a basis on which to build new evidence.
B) Non-nursing evidence supports the use of nursing knowledge that is obtained by trial and error.
C) Clinical decision making can be based on findings from single non-nursing research studies.
D) All evidence is equally important to the practice of nursing.

Question 51

Which of the following is an example of an international code for ethical conduct by physicians conducting biomedical research which provides more specific guidelines than the Nuremburg Code?

A) American Nurses Association
B) Belmont Review
C) Code of Federal Regulations
D) Declaration of Helsinki

Question 52

The statement, "There will be no difference in practice of nurses after completion of an EBP mentorship program as compared to before the mentorship program," is an example of which of the following?

A) Problem statement
B) Purpose statement
C) Directional hypothesis
D) Null hypothesis

Question 53

When formulating hypotheses, how do conceptual definitions differ from operational definitions?

A) Conceptual definitions sound like dictionary definitions, whereas operational definitions are empirical definitions.
B) Conceptual definitions are pictorial representations of concepts, whereas operational definitions are measures of the variables being studied.
C) Conceptual definitions are empirical definitions, whereas operational definitions sound like dictionary definitions.
D) Conceptual definitions are measures of the variables being studied, whereas operational definitions are pictorial representations of concepts.

Question 54

A researcher hypothesizes that a new computer-based educational intervention program with a public health clinic will result in fewer unwanted pregnancies in low-income communities. Which of the subjects will be receiving the standard of care with a typical clinic-based education but not the intervention of the new computer-based education?

A) Total population
B) Control group
C) Sample population
D) Intervention group

Question 55

Which of the following is an advantage of using a quasi-experimental design in nursing over an experimental design?

A) A quasi-experimental design uses random assignment and a control group.
B) A quasi-experimental design provides beginning evidence of causality.
C) A quasi-experimental design uses descriptive statistics to better analyze data.
D) A quasi-experimental design is stronger source of evidence in a research study.

Question 56

Which of the following is an example of incidence in epidemiology?

A) The number of existing cases of lung cancer in a specific county during a year
B) The number of previous cases of lung cancer in a specific county over the last year
C) The number of new cases of lung cancer in a specific county in one year's time
D) The number of deaths from lung cancer in a specific county over the course of a year

Question 57

Which of the following is a way phenomenology differs from the other four major types of qualitative research with regards to method?

A) Phenomenology uses larger sample sizes.
B) Phenomenology uses a less extensive literature review.
C) Phenomenology uses participant observation.
D) Phenomenology uses purposive sampling.

Question 58

Why is it just as important that a nurse researcher have a good plan for collecting and managing data during a research study as it is essential to use a theoretical or conceptual model to ask the most important research questions?

A) Poor data planning can cause irrelevant research that could cancel a study.
B) Poor data planning can lead to issues with correct, ethical data collection.
C) Poor data planning can result in implementation of unethical methods of study.
D) Poor data planning can create a deficit in the number of study participants.

Question 59

A nurse researcher is creating a data collection plan for a study on tobacco usage among preteen girls. What are some things the researcher would do when creating a data collection plan?

A) Organize pertinent literature to support the study.
B) Work on the overall framework and research questions.
C) Organize participants of the study by data objective.
D) Make up a timeline for the study, as well as a budget.

Question 60

A nursing researcher has a well-designed study planned, but the study requires the use of a new data collection survey instrument to prevent possible error in measurement. Prior to starting the planned study, what additional type of study will the researcher need to perform to ensure the new instrument is tested?

A) A methodological study
B) A qualitative study
C) A psychometric study
D) A quantitative study

Question 61

How is a target population different from an accessible population?

A) The accessible population includes the target population.
B) The two populations are always different groups of people.
C) The target population includes the accessible population.
D) The two populations are always the same group of people.

Question 62

In a study being conducted about whether geriatric patients are receiving the best care for pressure ulcers, which of the following inclusion criteria would a researcher first need to identify for the target population?

A) Age of patients
B) Diagnosis of pressure ulcers
C) Patients actively receiving care
D) All of these are correct.

Question 63

Which of the following is the sampling method that does not require random selection of elements?

A) Nonprobability
B) Quota
C) Probability
D) Convenience

Question 64

In a study about the postpartum habits of mothers, what should be kept in mind regarding determining sample size?

A) The sample size needs to include enough women to merit publication in a medical journal.
B) The mothers must sign consent forms that include their newborn infants prior to the study.
C) Researchers must be careful to avoid accusations of bias by choosing only postpartum females.
D) The sample should be representative of the target population of women for results to be valid.

Question 65

What is the difference between propositional and nonpropositional knowledge when it comes to sources of evidence in nursing research?

A) Nonpropositional is informal knowledge learned through experience, whereas propositional formal knowledge is learned through study.
B) Nonpropositional is knowledge from secondary sources of evidence, whereas propositional is knowledge from primary sources of evidence.
C) Propositional is informal knowledge learned through experience, whereas nonpropositional formal knowledge is learned through study.
D) Propositional is knowledge from secondary sources of evidence, whereas nonpropositional is knowledge from primary sources of evidence.

Question 66

How does a concept analysis compare with that of a case study when contributing to a nurse's body of knowledge?

A) A concept analysis identifies the author of the study's assumptions, whereas a case study looks at those assumptions in practice.
B) A concept analysis looks at possible uses of the concept in nursing practice, whereas a case study looks at actual uses.
C) A concept analysis explores the attributes and characteristics of a general concept being studied, whereas a case study explores a single incident in real life.
D) A concept defines the specific approaches of the author in the study, whereas a case study defines the approach in a general clinical sense.

Question 67

Which type of synthesis was introduced into practice to improve patient and system outcomes through more consistent care delivery by those who use the them to make decisions?

A) Meta-synthesis
B) Practice guidelines
C) Integrative review
D) Systematic analysis

Question 68

How do inferential statistics differ from descriptive statistics?

A) Inferential statistics allow the researcher to draw conclusions about a population based on a sample.
B) Inferential statistics focus on containing accurate calculations and research study data information.
C) Inferential statistics allow the researcher to explain the characteristics of variables found in a sample.
D) Inferential statistics focus on describing, summarizing and synthesizing collected research data.

Question 69

What is a significant difference in grouped and ungrouped data when using frequencies to describe samples?

A) There are mutually exclusive categories in grouped data.
B) Grouped data are used to present nominal and ordinal data.
C) Raw data represent some characteristics of the variable in grouped data.
D) All of these are significant differences.

Question 70

In evaluating evidence, what is the best measure if there are extreme values in the data set?

A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Standard deviation

Question 71

Why could data reduction be considered preferable to hand-coding qualitative data for analysis?

A) Data are reduced quicker by grouping it into logical categories that allow for analysis.
B) Researchers become a tool for data analysis and interpretation as they reduce the data.
C) Transcripts are read and labels are attached to each line as data are reduced and analyzed.
D) Researchers create a code book that relates to a hierarchy used in data reduction analysis.

Question 72

A nurse researcher is using qualitative data analysis software to manage large amounts of data from interviews with patients who have experienced traumatic head injuries. What will the nurse researcher be able to accomplish with the software?

A) Code to analyze and label the interview data
B) Create an interview data coding book system
C) Group and link concepts in the interview data
D) Interpret the interview data through a process

Question 73

A researcher is generating meaning from qualitative data to draw and verify conclusions. Which method is the researcher using when identifying general themes in the research to see which go together?

A) Factoring
B) Clustering
C) Partitioning
D) Counting

Question 74

A nursing unit is pilot testing a new method of assessing patient pain levels. The nurses in the unit are observed not taking the time to implement the new method to compare it to the old method. When surveyed, the nurses decided against implementing the new pain assessment level. What decision-making strategy are these nursing demonstrating by their actions?

A) Active rejection
B) Passive rejection
C) Active adoption
D) Passive adoption

Question 75

Which step of the five-step approach for EBP to analyze research studies is being demonstrated when recommendations of research study on pain control result in implementation of a new pain assessment scale?

A) Acquire
B) Apply
C) Appraise
D) Assess

Question 76

Read the following description of a research study to determine its ranking on the evidence hierarchy: The purpose of this research was to examine whether there are resultant behavioral changes in professionalism for returning adult RN to BSN students, and to identify teaching-learning activities that stimulate transformative learning. (Morris & Faulk, 2007, Perspective transformation: Enhancing the development of professionalism in RN-to-BSN students. Journal of Nursing Education, 46(10), 447). What is this an example of?

A) Quantitative report
B) Case-controlled study
C) Qualitative report
D) Systematic review

Question 77

A nurse is using a practice guideline in caring for older adults and is concerned about possible bias. What should this nurse do?

A) Ask the hospital administration for a new guideline.
B) Recommend an attending physician reassess the guideline.
C) Use an appraisal instrument to evaluate the guideline.
D) Use the Johanna Briggs Institute to evaluate the guideline.
Ana: C

Question 78

Which EBP model provides individual practitioners with step-by-step instructions for integrating research into practice?

A) CURN model
B) Iowa model
C) Nightingale model
D) Stetler model

Question 79

A nurse wants to begin engaging others in transitioning to EBP in the practice facility. What step should the nurse first take?

A) Start an informal conversation with staff during breaks.
B) Use a diary to keep detailed notes of any practice changes.
C) Conduct an assessment of the practice environment.
D) Host an EBP conference with key facility stakeholders.

Question 80

According to Kotter's change phases model, which of the following provides the best example of a short-term win?

A) Anchoring the practice change
B) Creating a coalition for practice change
C) Developing a vision and strategy for change
D) Exhibiting behaviors of the desired practice change