Deck 1: What Is Evidence-Based Practice

Question 1

The preceptor tells a new nurse to dangle the patient's legs on the side of the bed before attempting to assist the patient to stand. The new nurse asks the preceptor why the legs need to dangle first, and the preceptor states, "This is how we always get a patient out of bed." The preceptor's statement is an example of which type of evidence?

A) Trial and error
B) Intuition
C) Personal experience
D) Tradition

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Why is trial and error not a preferred approach for delivering nursing care?

A) Trial and error is not based on systematic scientific approaches.
B) The American Nurses Association does not consider trial and error a sanctioned method.
C) Time is wasted using trial and error, and it is not cost-effective.
D) Nursing care should be based on critical thinking, which is not utilized with trial and error.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The Willowbrook studies tried to justify the use of human subjects by doing which of the following?

A) Deliberately infecting children with hepatitis
B) Leading volunteers to believe that the procedures were free special medical care
C) Obtaining oral consent without documenting it and claiming that it was a standard of care to perform more dangerous procedures without written consent
D) Claiming the facility was overcrowded, giving parents no choice but to give permission for their child to participate in the study

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The first regulations to protect human subjects in medical research studies were proposed in 1973 by which of the following?

A) American Medical Association
B) U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
C) U.S. Food and Drug Administration
D) Association of American Universities

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus who has a prescription for sliding-scale regular insulin. The physician has adjusted the scale several times based on the patient's blood sugar levels. The physician is demonstrating the use of which of the following sources of evidence?

A) Personal experience
B) Trial and error
C) Authority
D) Intuition

Question 6

The nurse is preparing to discharge a patient who is requesting information about herbal supplements that will promote sleep. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the nurse take in order to save time and provide evidence-based practice (EBP) information for the patient?

A) Ask another nurse who is more familiar with EBP to educate the patient.
B) Provide the patient with the addresses of websites that the patient can read at home.
C) Utilized bedside technology and provide the patient with EBP information.
D) Request the charge nurse monitor all assigned patients and then look up relevant research articles.

Question 7

Which of the following is true with regard to following the steps of the research process?

A) The results cannot be used as evidence-based practice if the steps are not followed in order.
B) The findings are more likely to support the theory if the steps are followed.
C) The findings can actually prove a theory if the steps are followed, rather than only support the theory.
D) The results must be tested more than once if the steps are not followed.

Question 8

What do genetics, chronic illness, symptom management, and health promotion all have in common?

A) They are research topics that will probably be priorities.
B) They are components of the Nazi, Tuskegee, Willowbrook, and Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital studies.
C) They are measures that are on the list of current National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI)
D) They are key components of the cycle of scientific development.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding replication studies?

A) Results of a study cannot be considered "supportive" unless more than one study has been conducted.
B) Errors can exist in every research study; therefore, the more studies that have been conducted, the more likely the results can be used with confidence.
C) More than one study is necessary for the results to be applied to patient care.
D) Subjects must be chosen in the original study and randomly assigned in subsequent studies in order for the evidence to be reliable.

Question 10

A community hospital has just announced it is striving to reach Magnet Recognition. Which of the following actions would most likely help the hospital to achieve this goal?

A) Replace all associate-degree nurses with bachelor-degree nurses.
B) Require at least half of the nurses to be published within 1 year.
C) Hire advanced practice nurses who have a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree.
D) Hire nurses who have advanced technology skills.

Question 11

A staff nurse taking vital signs routinely every 4 hours on all clinically stable patients is an example of what type of an accepted source of evidence?

A) Authority
B) Evidence
C) Tradition
D) Trial and error

Question 12

Briefly discuss three of the five unethical studies discussed in the chapter and explain how these studies changed the rights of human subjects.

Question 13

Justify, in your own words, how evidence-based practice (EBP) reaffirms the importance of science in nursing.

Question 14

Briefly discuss how different types of research can by classified.