Deck 4: A Tour of the Cell

Question 1

________ store the information necessary to produce proteins.

A) Lysosomes
B) Genes
C) Ribosomes
D) Carbohydrates

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The extracellular matrix of animal cells ________.

A) protects and support cells
B) provides avenues for the exchange of DNA
C) is a warehouse for the storage of extra lipids and carbohydrates
D) is primarily a site of dead matter and waste materials

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Plants are susceptible to bacterial infections,which can damage their structure or even kill them.Which of the following would be the best antibiotic to treat a plant that is infected with bacteria?

A) a drug that interferes with mitochondria function
B) a drug that disrupts cell wall structure and function
C) a drug that destroys the central vacuole
D) a drug that blocks gene expression in circular chromosomes

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells but NOT eukaryotic cells?

A) pili
B) cell wall
C) flagella
D) DNA

Question 5

Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ________.

A) mRNA
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) DNA
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

When mixed with water,phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they ________.

A) have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water
B) have hydrophilic fatty acid tails that are attracted to water and hydrophobic phosphate groups that avoid water
C) have hydrophilic heads that are attracted to their hydrophobic tails
D) are both fluid and mosaic

Question 7

When using a microscope to view cells you obtained from scraping under your fingernails,you notice that the cells lack nuclei; therefore,you conclude that the cells must be a type of ________ cell.

A) plant
B) eukaryotic
C) fungal
D) prokaryotic

Question 8

In eukaryotic cells,what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?

A) cytoplasm
B) phospholipid bilayer
C) nucleoid
D) chloroplast

Question 9

Which theory states that all living things are composed of cells?

A) cell theory
B) Hooke's rule
C) evolutionary theory
D) Mendel's law

Question 10

You find a cell of a type you have never seen before.The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall.Therefore,you conclude that it is likely to be a(n)________ cell.

A) prokaryotic
B) animal
C) bacterial
D) plant

Question 11

Where does protein synthesis take place?

A) in the nucleolus
B) on smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) on ribosomes
D) in the nucleus

Question 12

One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ________ prokaryotic cells.

A) have DNA, which is lacking in
B) have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in
C) have a plasma membrane, which is lacking in
D) have a nucleoid region, which is lacking in

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

A) regulate the traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell
B) regulate the production of lipids in the cell
C) regulate the production of DNA in and out of the nucleus
D) regulate the production of proteins in the cell

Question 14

Some ribosomes are suspended in the cytosol of a cell,whereas other ribosomes ________.

A) make proteins inside the nucleus
B) are found on the plasma membrane
C) are attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) are attached to the outside of the nucleus

Question 15

Which of the following structures manufactures the components of ribosomes?

A) nucleus
B) cytoplasm
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) nucleolus

Question 16

The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ________.

A) nucleoli
B) RNA
C) chromatin
D) ribosomes

Question 17

________ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.

A) Steroids
B) Fatty acids
C) Starches
D) Phospholipids

Question 18

Most human cells contain ________ chromosomes.

A) 36
B) 46
C) 2
D) 23

Question 19

The nuclear envelope is composed of ________.

A) chromatin
B) DNA
C) a double membrane
D) carbohydrates

Question 20

The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ________.

A) phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
B) phospholipids but not proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
C) most proteins but not phospholipids to drift about in the plane of the membrane
D) carbohydrates to drift into and out of the membrane structure

Question 21

If a cell's lysosomes burst,the cell would ________.

A) shrivel
B) divide into two cells
C) digest itself
D) need to manufacture more lysosomes

Question 22

Vacuoles are ________.

A) membranous sacs
B) manufactured by ribosomes
C) composed of microtubules
D) found only in plant cells

Question 23

Which of the following is an adaptation to increase the surface area of a part of a cell that is involved in cellular respiration?

A) the cristae of a mitochondrion
B) the outer membrane of a chloroplast
C) the grana of a chloroplast
D) the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

A protist that contains contractile vacuoles most likely lives ________.

A) in a marine environment
B) within the cells of another organism
C) in fresh water
D) in ice

Question 25

Plant cells,unlike animal cells,are characterized by the presence of a ________.

A) cell wall and a contractile vacuole
B) cell wall and a central vacuole
C) nucleus and a cell wall
D) nucleus and a contractile vacuole

Question 26

In plant cells,________ may contain organic nutrients,pigments,and poisons.

A) mitochondria
B) chloroplasts
C) lysosomes
D) central vacuoles

Question 27

What structures move proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus?

A) transport proteins
B) central vacuole
C) transport vesicles
D) nucleolus

Question 28

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

A) digestion of organic matter inside the cell
B) protein modification
C) drug detoxification
D) cell respiration

Question 29

Based on its function in detoxifying drugs,you would expect to find a large amount of smooth ER in ________ cells.

A) brain
B) liver
C) intestinal
D) muscle

Question 30

Lysosomes are responsible for ________.

A) lipid synthesis
B) cellular respiration
C) digestion of organic matter inside the cell
D) protein synthesis

Question 31

Cells in the thyroid gland produce and secrete thyroid hormone (a polymer of amino acids)that helps to regulate metabolism.What organelle is most likely abundant in cells of the thyroid gland?

A) mitochondria
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) free ribosomes
D) lysosomes

Question 32

Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy ________.

A) of sunlight to energy stored in organic compounds
B) stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP
C) stored in ATP to energy stored in food molecules
D) stored in ATP to energy used to do work

Question 33

The endomembrane system includes ________.

A) ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi apparatus, nucleolus, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum
D) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

Tay-Sachs disease results from ________ lacking a specific type of lipid-digesting enzyme.

A) the Golgi apparatus
B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria
D) the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 35

Similar to the nucleus,chloroplasts and mitochondria are ________.

A) surrounded by two membranes
B) able to synthesize carbohydrates
C) manufactured by the nucleolus
D) able to synthesize lipids

Question 36

During a race such as a marathon,the skeletal muscle cells in your legs use a lot of energy to continually contract and power your muscles.What organelle is most likely abundant in skeletal muscle cells?

A) mitochondria
B) Golgi apparatus
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 37

Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ________.

A) steroid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification
B) lipid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification
C) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification
D) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and storage of genetic information

Question 38

Which plant organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) mitochondrion
C) ribosome
D) chloroplast

Question 39

A hormone that will be secreted from a cell is manufactured by ribosomes ________.

A) attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
B) attached to the Golgi apparatus
C) attached to the plasma membrane
D) inside the nucleus

Question 40

Which of the following parts of a cell is (are)most like the shipping center of a company?

A) the Golgi apparatus
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) the nucleolus

Question 41

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Different species of bacteria are resistant to different types of antibiotics. For example, one species of bacteria may be resistant to an antibiotic that targets bacterial ribosomes but may not be resistant to a different antibiotic that targets bacterial cell walls. In order to figure out what type of antibiotic(s) to which a species of bacteria was resistant, a researcher treated the bacteria with four different antibiotics (A, B, C, and D) and measured how many bacteria were alive over the course of a few weeks. The data that she collected are summarized below.

Why do you think the bacteria start to decline when treated with antibiotic C but then begin to grow as time goes on?

A) Some bacteria with resistance to antibiotic C were selected for over time.
B) Additional bacteria were added to the experimental group.
C) Antibiotic C degraded and thus was no longer effective.
D) This is the normal course of bacterial growth no matter which antibiotic is applied.

Question 42

Examine the structures of the plant and animal cells below.Which of the following organelles connect(s)to the nuclear envelope?

A) the Golgi apparatus
B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria
D) the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 43

Scenario Questions
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago.
What evidence suggests that mitochondria might have evolved before chloroplasts?

A) Mitochondria can sometimes divide to produce chloroplasts.
B) Only mitochondria have their own DNA.
C) Some mitochondria have chloroplasts inside of them.
D) Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria but only some cells have chloroplasts.

Question 44

Using the figure below for a reference,approximately how many times larger is a nucleus compared to a protein?

A) 10 times larger
B) 100 times larger
C) 1,000 times larger
D) 10,000 times larger

Question 45

Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke)are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal)pregnancy.Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton,what is the BEST explanation?

A) Tobacco interferes with the microtubule network of eggs thus weakening their structure.
B) Tobacco interferes with the functioning of the flagella propelling sperm.
C) Tobacco interferes with microfilament formation in sperm, thereby forcing the zygote to implant in a fallopian tube.
D) Tobacco interferes with the sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg toward the uterus.

Question 46

The figure below shows a Paramecium,a single-celled freshwater protist.The hairlike structures visible on the Paramecium allow it to move.These structures are ________.

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) flagella
D) cilia

Question 47

Scenario Questions
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago.
Which of the following is a characteristic of chloroplasts that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria?

A) Chloroplasts have cell walls.
B) Chloroplasts contain pigments.
C) Chloroplasts have their own DNA.
D) A single, highly folded plasma membrane surrounds chloroplasts.

Question 48

Scenario Questions
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago.
Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondria that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria?

A) Mitochondria have cell walls.
B) The plasma membrane of a mitochondrion, forming the surface of this organelle, is the site of many important steps of cellular respiration.
C) Mitochondria have their own DNA.
D) Mitochondria rely upon proteins as their source of energy.

Question 49

Microtubules are associated with ________.

A) cilia
B) flagella
C) cell shape
D) all of the answer choices

Question 50

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Different species of bacteria are resistant to different types of antibiotics. For example, one species of bacteria may be resistant to an antibiotic that targets bacterial ribosomes but may not be resistant to a different antibiotic that targets bacterial cell walls. In order to figure out what type of antibiotic(s) to which a species of bacteria was resistant, a researcher treated the bacteria with four different antibiotics (A, B, C, and D) and measured how many bacteria were alive over the course of a few weeks. The data that she collected are summarized below.

If you were treating a patient infected with this species of bacteria,which antibiotic would you prescribe the person such that the bacteria were killed most effectively?

A) Antibiotic A
B) Antibiotic B
C) Antibiotic C
D) Antibiotic D

Question 51

The child shown in the figure below is not feeling well.Why does the poster say "No Antibiotics Please"?

A) His illness may be caused by an allergy to penicillin.
B) Antibiotics should be taken only to promote growth.
C) His illness is caused by bacteria.
D) His illness is caused by a virus.

Question 52

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Different species of bacteria are resistant to different types of antibiotics. For example, one species of bacteria may be resistant to an antibiotic that targets bacterial ribosomes but may not be resistant to a different antibiotic that targets bacterial cell walls. In order to figure out what type of antibiotic(s) to which a species of bacteria was resistant, a researcher treated the bacteria with four different antibiotics (A, B, C, and D) and measured how many bacteria were alive over the course of a few weeks. The data that she collected are summarized below.

The bacteria show the greatest resistance to which antibiotic?

A) Antibiotic A
B) Antibiotic B
C) Antibiotic C
D) Antibiotic D