Deck 4: Infectious Disease Prevention

Question 1

What should be the properties of a "perfect" vaccine? List four of them.

Answer 1

Able to actively spark humoral immunity via B cells or cell-mediated immunity
Able to recognize antigens or pathogens after a single dose
Able to confer lifelong immunity to a specific pathogen
No harm or side effects
Easy to administer
Easy to handle and/or store, such as no need for cold-chain concerns

Question 2

The immunogenicity of a vaccine is:

A) a measure of how easy it is to immunize a patient.
B) the percentage of people in a population that need to be immunized.
C) the ability of the vaccine to elicit a host immune response.
D) the percentage of immunized individuals who remain disease free.
E) a measure of how difficult it is to immunize a patient.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

List two infectious disease prevention strategies.

Answer 3

Handwashing, vaccination, and/or condoms

Question 4

Compare and contrast active and passive immunity.

Question 5

The CDC's Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases ("The Pink Book") places vaccines into two general categories. What are they?

Question 6

The first live attenuated vaccine (LAV), the BCG, is used to prevent what infectious disease?

Question 7

An important drawback of LAVs is what?

Question 8

Give an example of an inactivated vaccine.

Question 9

The thing that distinguishes recombinant vaccines from other vaccines is what?

Question 10

List two polysaccharide vaccines currently in use.

Question 11

List two advantages of DNA vaccines.

Question 12

Vaccine efficacy refers to what?

Question 13

The last documented case of vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) occurred in the United States in what year?

Question 14

Prior to the introduction of the measles vaccine in the 1960s, on average about how many measles cases and fatalities occurred each year?

Question 15

Measles incidence has dropped approximately how much since the vaccine's introduction six decades ago?

A) 60%
B) 70%
C) 80%
D) 90%
E) 99%

Question 16

Who is the now-discredited anti-vaxxer who published this article in the late 1990s that claimed an association between autism and the measles vaccine?

Question 17

Give three reasons for inadequate immunization rates in developing countries.

Question 18

Prior to the introduction of the HiB vaccine, roughly how many kids developed Haemophilus influenzae infections prior to the age of 5?

Question 19

Among them, about how many developed bacterial meningitis? About how many died?

Question 20

Handwashing has little effect on infectious disease transmission.

Question 21

Why are air dryers not as good of an option for hand-drying as clean towels?

Question 22

The Aquamor Programme implemented in Zimbabwe highlights a successful community-based handwashing intervention. To implement it, what do you need?

Question 23

What is the date of the WHO's Global Handwashing Day?

Question 24

List the WHO's "Five Keys to Safer Food."

Question 25

List three common pathogens associated with diarrheal illness.

Question 26

The WHO estimates that about how many people live without proper sanitation?

A) Half a million
B) Three-quarters of a million
C) One million
D) Two million
E) > 2.5 million

Question 27

Roughly how many live without access to potable water?

A) 780 million
B) 781 million
C) 782 million
D) 783 million
E) 784 million

Question 28

Why are SanPlats in regions without adequate sanitation helpful in improving sanitation?

Question 29

SanPlat proponents have noted that the privacy they provide has reduced sexual violence against young girls.

Question 30

A single liter of water weighs about how much?

A) 0.5 kg
B) 1 kg
C) 1.5 kg
D) 2 kg
E) > 2 kg

Question 31

The picture is of what?

Question 32

Solid evidence exists concerning the effect of malnutrition on diarrheal-illness risk.

Question 33

What two nutritional supplements may reduce diarrhea-associated mortality?

A) Vitamin A and zinc
B) Vitamin B₁ and zinc
C) Vitamin B₁₂ and zinc
D) Vitamin C and zinc
E) None of these is correct.

Question 34

Give two examples of simple but effective mosquito-prevention strategies around the home.

Question 35

IRS has proven especially helpful in malaria control programs. What does IRS stand for?

A) Internal Revenue Service
B) Insecticide Residual Spraying
C) Institutional Residual Spraying
D) Inside Residual Spraying
E) None of these is correct.

Question 36

Donut-shaped cakes with laden with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (BTI) are effective in any size body of water where mosquitoes can breed.

Question 37

Bed nets regularly treated with ______________ are the most effective.

Question 38

What is the scientific name of this fish?

Question 39

Name three bloodborne pathogens that the ARC screens for.

Question 40

According to the WHO, the best blood donors are the ones who get paid to donate blood.

Question 41

The screening tool used for blood donors is called the Uniform Donor Histological Questionnaire (UDHQ).

Question 42

Contact tracing works best with infectious diseases of high prevalence.

Question 43

When enacted by a municipality, quarantine measures may halt normal day-to-day activities.

Question 44

The case of Jacobson v. Massachusetts (1905) involved what? What was the outcome?