Deck 8: Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells

Question 1

A cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokinesis would ________.

A) have less genetic material than it started with
B) not have completed anaphase
C) have its chromosomes lined up in the middle of the cell
D) have two nuclei

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is a stage of mitosis?

A) cytokinesis
B) telophase
C) interphase
D) DNA synthesis

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the ________.

A) nucleus
B) centriole
C) Golgi apparatus
D) nucleolus

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following occurs during prophase?

A) Chromosomes line up on the midline of the cell.
B) The nuclear envelope forms.
C) Sister chromatids separate.
D) The mitotic spindle begins to form.

Question 5

The CORRECT sequence of stages of mitosis is ________.

A) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
B) telophase, prophase, anaphase, metaphase
C) anaphase, interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
D) interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 6

Homologous chromosomes ________.

A) carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics
B) include only the autosomes
C) are a set of chromosomes that the cell received from one parent
D) carry the same versions of all genes

Question 7

Which of these events occurs during anaphase?

A) Sister chromatids become separate chromosomes.
B) Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
C) The nuclear envelope reappears.
D) The nuclear envelope breaks up.

Question 8

Sister chromatids are joined at the ________.

A) centromere
B) spindle
C) centrosome
D) centriole

Question 9

Which of the following will help prevent cancer and increase survival?

A) Eat a low-fiber, low-fat diet.
B) Limit exercise.
C) Seek early detection of tumors.
D) Smoke only cigarettes.

Question 10

A(n)________ is an example of an organism that can sometimes reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis.

A) cat
B) human
C) Komodo dragon
D) mouse

Question 11

A duplicated chromosome consists of two ________.

A) centromeres
B) centrosomes
C) genomes
D) sister chromatids

Question 12

What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor?

A) Benign tumors are composed of cancer cells; malignant tumors are not.
B) Benign tumors are not the result of a failure of a cell cycle control system; malignant tumors are.
C) Benign tumors do not metastasize; malignant tumors do.
D) Benign tumors do not form lumps; malignant tumors do form lumps.

Question 13

Cytokinesis typically begins during the ________ stage of mitosis.

A) telophase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase

Question 14

The mitotic cell cycle results in the production of ________.

A) four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
B) two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information
C) two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
D) four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information

Question 15

Chromatin consists of ________.

A) DNA and protein
B) RNA and protein
C) protein only
D) DNA only

Question 16

During metaphase,________.

A) the nuclear envelope breaks up
B) sister chromatids separate
C) centromeres divide
D) chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 17

What chromosomes belong to a normal human male?

A) 22 autosomes and two Y chromosomes
B) 44 autosomes and two Y chromosomes
C) 44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome
D) 46 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome

Question 18

During telophase,________.

A) the events of prophase are reversed
B) chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
C) sister chromatids become separate chromosomes
D) the nuclear envelope breaks up

Question 19

Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical.This type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT ________.

A) growth of a multicellular organism
B) cell replacement
C) production of sperm and eggs
D) asexual reproduction

Question 20

Which of the following occurs during interphase?

A) Chromatin becomes tightly coiled.
B) Chromosome duplication occurs.
C) Sister chromatids separate.
D) The mitotic spindle forms.

Question 21

Which of these describes the type of reproduction that is most adaptive in a rapidly changing environment with many different parasitic diseases present?

A) asexual reproduction because the currently successful genotypes can reproduce quickly
B) asexual reproduction, because asexual reproduction uses less energy, which leaves more for each individual to adapt to the changing environment
C) sexual reproduction because the diversity of genotypes increases the likelihood that there is one which can survive in a new environment
D) sexual reproduction because this type of reproduction allows the production of a greater number of offspring thus providing more individuals to take advantage of any environmental challenges presented

Question 22

Examine the figure below.Nucleosomes are made of ________.

A) RNA and protein
B) DNA
C) proteins
D) DNA and histone proteins

Question 23

Genetic variation is accomplished by all but one of the following.Choose the exception.

A) the events of meiosis I
B) crossing over
C) independent assortment
D) the events of meiosis II

Question 24

Chromosomes that do NOT determine the sex of an individual are called ________.

A) homologous chromosomes
B) nonhomologous chromosomes
C) sex chromosomes
D) autosomes

Question 25

A karyotype (a chromosome display)would be unable to determine ________.

A) sex
B) Down syndrome
C) Turner syndrome
D) eye color

Question 26

Sexual reproduction in humans ________.

A) allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell
B) produces a haploid individual
C) produces an individual with 23 chromosomes
D) combines two diploid gametes, producing a zygote

Question 27

How many chromosomes does an individual with Turner syndrome have?

A) 2n + 1
B) n + 1
C) 2n − 1
D) n − 1

Question 28

For a species with four pairs of chromosomes,________ chromosome combinations are possible.

A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 20

Question 29

Anaphase II is essentially the same as mitotic anaphase except that in anaphase II ________ and in mitotic anaphase ________.

A) the cells are diploid... the cells are haploid
B) chromosomes line up double file in the middle of the cell... chromosomes line up single file in the middle of the cell
C) crossing over occurs... crossing over does not occur
D) the cells are haploid and sister chromatids separate... the cells have the same number of chromosomes as the original cell and sister chromatids separate

Question 30

What chromosomes belong to a normal human female?

A) 22 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes
B) 44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes
C) 44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome
D) 46 autosomes and two X chromosomes

Question 31

During metaphase I,________.

A) crossing over occurs
B) homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
C) the nuclear envelope breaks up
D) sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles

Question 32

Which of the following is the best description of the events of anaphase I?

A) Half of the chromosomes inherited from the mother go to one pole along with half of the chromosomes inherited from the father.
B) Sister chromatids separate and the daughter chromosomes migrate to opposite poles.
C) Homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles.
D) All of the chromosomes inherited from the mother go to one pole of the cell, and all of the chromosomes inherited from the father go to the other pole.

Question 33

In meiosis,how does prophase I differ from prophase II?

A) During prophase I there is one diploid cell; during prophase II there are two haploid cells.
B) During prophase I chromosomes line up single file in the middle of the cell; during prophase II the chromosomes line up in double file in the middle of the cell.
C) During prophase I the chromosomes coil up; the chromosomes are not coiled up during prophase II.
D) In prophase I the sister chromatids are attached; in prophase II the sister chromatids are separated.

Question 34

Sexual reproduction appears to be absent in bdelloid rotifers.Which of these,if found in this group,would bring into question the idea that they reproduce ONLY asexually?

A) female rotifers with eggs
B) significant differences of two different alleles among different populations (one population having mostly allele A and one having mostly a).
C) cells in which meiosis occurs
D) related groups (not bdelloid rotifers) which reproduce both sexually and asexually.

Question 35

Crossing over during prophase I results in ________.

A) nondisjunction
B) reciprocal translocation
C) duplication
D) genetic recombination

Question 36

How much genetic material is present in a cell during prophase I compared to a cell that has completed meiosis II?

A) one-quarter as much
B) four times as much
C) one-half as much
D) twice as much

Question 37

One difference between mitosis and meiosis is ________.

A) mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
B) mitosis produces more daughter cells for each division than meiosis
C) mitosis produces haploid cells, but meiosis produces diploid cells
D) mitosis requires only one parent cell, but meiosis requires two parent cells

Question 38

Upon completion of telophase I and cytokinesis,there is(are)________ cell(s).

A) four haploid
B) two diploid
C) two haploid
D) one diploid

Question 39

How many chromosomes can a gamete possess as a result of nondisjunction?

A) n + 1 or n - 1
B) 2n + 1 or 2n - 1
C) 2n - 1 only
D) 2n + 1 or n - 1

Question 40

Which of the following is a characteristic seen in prophase I that does NOT occur in prophase II?

A) Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell.
B) Spindle formation occurs.
C) The number of chromosomes doubles.
D) Crossing over occurs.

Question 41

This diagram of the human life cycle shows that ________.

A) meiosis produces a diploid zygote
B) meiosis produces haploid sperm and egg cells
C) fertilization produces a haploid zygote
D) a diploid zygote undergoes meiosis to produce an adult human

Question 42

Scenario Questions
Please read the following paragraph and answer the following questions.
Amanda's parents realized that her body was not developing properly about the time she was 12 years old. She was shorter than most of her friends and was not going through changes normally associated with female puberty. They took her to a doctor who initially diagnosed Amanda with Turner Syndrome because of her physical features. He ordered a karyotype that confirmed his diagnosis. Amanda was born with only one X chromosome. Although there is no specific cure, the doctor was able to treat her and correct some of the problems associated with the condition. For example, she received growth hormone to improve her growth and estrogen to help her develop the physical changes of puberty.
If only some,but not all,of Amanda's somatic (body)cells had only one X chromosome,this could indicate that an error occurred ________.

A) during mitosis leading to the sperm or egg that came together to form Amanda
B) during meiosis in the first cell division of the original cell that was Amanda (the zygote)
C) during meiosis which occurred in Amanda's ovaries
D) during mitosis which occurred at a multicellular stage of Amanda's development

Question 43

Scenario Questions
Please read the following paragraph and answer the following questions.
Amanda's parents realized that her body was not developing properly about the time she was 12 years old. She was shorter than most of her friends and was not going through changes normally associated with female puberty. They took her to a doctor who initially diagnosed Amanda with Turner Syndrome because of her physical features. He ordered a karyotype that confirmed his diagnosis. Amanda was born with only one X chromosome. Although there is no specific cure, the doctor was able to treat her and correct some of the problems associated with the condition. For example, she received growth hormone to improve her growth and estrogen to help her develop the physical changes of puberty.
What percentage of Amanda's gametes would likely have the normal number of chromosomes?

A) zero
B) 100 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 25 percent

Question 44

As shown in the following figure,plant cell cytokinesis differs from animal cell cytokinesis because ________.

A) plant cells produce more daughter cells
B) plant cells form a cell plate and animal cells do not
C) animal cells produce more daughter cells
D) animal cells form a cell plate and plant cells do not

Question 45

Scenario Questions
Please read the following paragraph and answer the following questions.
Amanda's parents realized that her body was not developing properly about the time she was 12 years old. She was shorter than most of her friends and was not going through changes normally associated with female puberty. They took her to a doctor who initially diagnosed Amanda with Turner Syndrome because of her physical features. He ordered a karyotype that confirmed his diagnosis. Amanda was born with only one X chromosome. Although there is no specific cure, the doctor was able to treat her and correct some of the problems associated with the condition. For example, she received growth hormone to improve her growth and estrogen to help her develop the physical changes of puberty.
With respect to her sex chromosomes,Amanda would be designated as ________.

A) XYY
B) XO
C) XOY
D) XX

Question 46

Which of these could lead to the mistake evident in the karyotype?

A) a failure of cytokinesis after meiosis I in gamete formation
B) a nondisjunction in meiosis II in gamete formation
C) crossing over in meiosis I in gamete formation
D) fertilization by two sperm in zygote formation

Question 47

Scenario Questions
Please read the following paragraph and answer the following questions.
Amanda's parents realized that her body was not developing properly about the time she was 12 years old. She was shorter than most of her friends and was not going through changes normally associated with female puberty. They took her to a doctor who initially diagnosed Amanda with Turner Syndrome because of her physical features. He ordered a karyotype that confirmed his diagnosis. Amanda was born with only one X chromosome. Although there is no specific cure, the doctor was able to treat her and correct some of the problems associated with the condition. For example, she received growth hormone to improve her growth and estrogen to help her develop the physical changes of puberty.
Amanda's abnormal number of sex chromosomes resulted from ________.

A) independent assortment of chromosomes
B) crossing over
C) nondisjunction
D) random fertilization

Question 48

The karyotype above shows ________.

A) abnormal sex chromosomes
B) trisomy 21, a cause of Klinefelter syndrome
C) Turner syndrome
D) trisomy 21, a cause of Down syndrome

Question 49

The above figure shows that ________.

A) meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells
B) fertilization results in four haploid daughter cells
C) the human 2n number is 4
D) meiosis forms diploid gametes

Question 50

The 2n number for the cell depicted here is ________.

A) one
B) two
C) four
D) eight

Question 51

What is the chromosome number found in humans cells after meiosis I is completed?

A) 46 autosomes
B) 43 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes
C) 22 autosomes and a sex chromosome
D) 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes