Deck 54: Epidemiology of Tuberculosis

Question 1

Approximately one third of the world population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Globally, there were an estimated 10 million incident cases of TB in 2017.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Approximately 1.6 million people died from tuberculosis in 2017; of these, 300,000 (19%) were co-infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and the remainder were HIV-negative.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The case fatality rate exceeds 50% among patients with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) or Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB).

Question 5

Tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS cause nearly five million deaths per year in the world population.

Question 6

In the USA, the rate of TB in foreign-born persons is similar to that in US-born persons.

Question 7

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be transmitted by persons with active or inactive disease.

Question 8

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be transmitted by ingestion of contaminated milk or meat.

Question 9

Highly Active Anti-Retrovirus Therapy (HAART) has been found to significantly reduce the incidence of tuberculosis by 81% in patients with HIV disease.

Question 10

In endemic areas of TB, the risk of developing active disease is highest during the first year of life.

Question 11

Pregnancy significantly heightens the risk of developing active TB in seropositive women.

Question 12

Many non-infectious risk factors such as smoking, COPD, and diabetes significantly heighten the risk of developing active tuberculosis among patients with latent disease.

Question 13

Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) does not respond to first line drugs (isoniazid and rifampicin).

Question 14

Extensively drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is resistant to first-line drugs and three or more of the six classes of second-line drugs.

Question 15

XDR-TB rarely does not respond to any drug.

Question 16

Approximately how many people in the world population are seropositive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A) 100 million
B) 500 million
C) 1 billion
D) 2 billion

Question 17

Approximately how many people died in 2016 from TB per se or co-infection with TB and HIV?

A) 1.0 million
B) 1.5 million
C) 1.6 million
D) 2.0 million

Question 18

How many annual deaths are attributed to HIV and TB co-infection in the world population?

A) 100,000
B) 300,000
C) 800,000
D) 1 million

Question 19

Non-infectious Risk factors for active TB include all of the following except:

A) obesity.
B) tobacco smoking.
C) diabetes.
D) silicosis.

Question 20

The case fatality rate is highest for which of the following combinations?

A) Pregnancy plus TB
B) Co-infection with HIV and TB
C) Pregnancy plus co-infection with HIV and TB
D) Pregnancy plus co-infection with HBV and TB

Question 21

By definition, MDR-TB is resistant to which of the following drugs?

A) Isoniazid
B) Rifampicin
C) Pyrazinamide
D) a and b are correct.
E) a, b and c are all correct.

Question 22

In which of the following countries are infants not routinely vaccinated against TB with the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG)?

A) South Africa
B) France
C) Great Britain
D) United States

Question 23

What ethnic group in the USA has the highest rate of active TB?

A) Caucasian Americans
B) African Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) Asian Americans

Question 24

Describe the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 25

Discuss the global epidemiology of tuberculosis.

Question 26

Discuss the impact of immigration on rates of TB in the US population.

Question 27

Discuss the emergence of MDR-TB and XDR-TB.

Question 28

Discuss the global health impact of co-infections with HIV and TB.

Question 29

Discuss non-infectious risk factors for active tuberculosis.

Question 30

Discuss the development and global use of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG).

Question 31

Discuss global strategies for the prevention, control, and treatment of tuberculosis.