Deck 47: Epidemiology of Arthritis

Question 1

Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), rheumatoid arthritis (an autoimmune disorder), and gout (due to uric acid crystals) are the three major forms of arthritis.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Osteoarthritis accounts for about 80% of all cases of arthritis.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Remarkably, after 80 years of age, the annual rates of osteoarthritis exceed 32,000 per 100,000 in women and approach 20,000 per 100,000 in men.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

After age 50 years, the rates of osteoarthritis are about 2-fold higher in women than men.

Question 5

The strongest risk factors for osteoarthritis are obesity and previous major trauma or sustained repetitive trauma to specific joints.

Question 6

Chronic smoking increases the risk of developing osteoarthritis.

Question 7

Hyperglycemia is associated with an increase in the risk of developing osteoarthritis.

Question 8

Weight reduction is effective in reducing the risk of developing osteoarthritis.

Question 9

Glucosamine and Chondroitin clearly show benefit in reducing pain and reversing progression of osteoarthritis.

Question 10

Tobacco Smoking increases the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 11

Oral contraceptive use increases the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in women.

Question 12

Gout is much more common in women than men.

Question 13

Approximately 90% of all gout cases are due to defective renal clearance of uric acid.

Question 14

The metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing gout.

Question 15

Adiposity and weight gain are strong risk factors for gout, while weight loss is protective.

Question 16

Osteoarthritis accounts for about what percentage of all cases of arthritis?

A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Question 17

Major risk factors for osteoarthritis include which of the following?

A) Obesity
B) Joint trauma
C) Type 2 diabetes
D) a and b are correct.
E) a, b, and c are all correct.

Question 18

Which of the following factors increase the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis?

A) HLA-DR4
B) Chronic smoking
C) Metabolic syndrome and its components
D) a and b are correct.
E) a, b, and c are all correct.

Question 19

The risk of gout is highest in which of the following individuals?

A) Men who drink heavily
B) Women who drink heavily
C) Men who are chronic smokers
D) Women who are chronic smokers

Question 20

What percentage of gout cases are male?

A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 80%
E) 90%

Question 21

Ankylosing spondylitis is primarily associated with what HLA haplotype?

A) HLA B27
B) HLA-DR1
C) HLA-DR3
D) HLA-DR4

Question 22

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is associated with all of the following except:

A) specific genetic variants of the HLA locus.
B) female preponderance of cases.
C) antinuclear antibodies in most cases.
D) antibodies against rheumatoid factor in most cases.

Question 23

Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis living in sub-Saharan Africa often have all of the following conditions except:

A) HIV disease.
B) malaria.
C) tuberculosis arthritis.
D) rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 24

Describe the basic anatomy of a synovial joint.

Question 25

Discuss the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.

Question 26

Discuss the risk factors for osteoarthritis.

Question 27

Discuss the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 28

Discuss the risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 29

Describe the pathogenesis of gout and predisposing risk factors.

Question 30

Describe the association of HLA B27 with ankylosing spondylitis.

Question 31

Describe variant forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Question 32

Describe suppurative arthritis and predisposing infectious agents.

Question 33

Discuss strategies for the prevention, control and treatment of arthritic conditions.