Deck 45: Epidemiology of Cirrhosis of the Liver

Question 1

In the world population, the annual number of deaths from cirrhosis of the liver exceeds 1 million.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Age-adjusted mortality rates due to liver cirrhosis are 2 to 3-fold higher in men than women.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Chronic alcohol consumption, chronic liver infections by Hepatitis B Virus HBV) and/or Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and the Metabolic syndrome are the main causes of liver cirrhosis.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that arises in patients with the metabolic syndrome (obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia) has recently been recognized as a distinct clinical entity with worldwide health impact.

Question 5

Compared to nondrinkers, chronic daily intake of 25 grams of alcohol (about two alcoholic drinks daily) has been found to increase the risk of liver cirrhosis by about 2-fold.

Question 6

Beer consumption is more closely related to the risk of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver than consumption of other alcoholic beverages.

Question 7

Most infants exposed to HBV become chronic carriers of the virus.

Question 8

Most adults exposed to HBV become chronic carriers of the virus.

Question 9

Most HCV infections are acquired in children.

Question 10

The risk of cirrhosis of the liver increases steadily with the number of components of the metabolic syndrome that are present.

Question 11

Approximately how many people in the world population are seropositive for HBV?

A) 100 million
B) 200 million
C) 300 million
D) 400 million

Question 12

Approximately how many people in the world population are seropositive for HCV?

A) 100 million
B) 200 million
C) 300 million
D) 400 million

Question 13

How many annual deaths are attributed to cirrhosis of the liver in the world population?

A) 100,000
B) 500,000
C) 800,000
D) 1 million

Question 14

Risk factors for cirrhosis of the liver include all of the following except:

A) alcohol abuse.
B) HBV infection.
C) HCV infection.
D) Hepatitis A infection.

Question 15

The highest case fatality rate is found in which of the following conditions?

A) HBV infection
B) HCV infection
C) Co-infection with HBV and HCV
D) Co-infection with HBV and HDV

Question 16

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the most prevalent of all liver diseases, is estimated to afflict what percentage of adults in the US population?

A) 5-10%
B) 10-20%
C) 20-30%
D) 30-40%

Question 17

Genetic syndromes that increase the risk of liver cirrhosis include:

A) primary hemochromatosis.
B) Sipple syndrome.
C) Wilson's disease.
D) a and c are correct.
E) a, b and c are all correct.

Question 18

What gender-ethnic group has the highest mortality rate due to cirrhosis of the liver?

A) Caucasian American men
B) African American men
C) Hispanic American men
D) Asian American men

Question 19

Which of the following agents shows chemopreventive effects against the development of liver cirrhosis?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Folate
D) Caffeine

Question 20

Describe the basic anatomy and function of the liver.

Question 21

Discuss the global epidemiology of cirrhosis of the liver.

Question 22

Discuss the pathogenesis of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver.

Question 23

Discuss infectious risk factors for alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver.

Question 24

Describe the transmission of HBV and HCV.

Question 25

Discuss the emerging epidemic of the metabolic syndrome and its impact on the development of cirrhosis of the liver.

Question 26

Describe differences in the metabolism of alcohol between men and women.

Question 27

Describe genetic factors that influence cirrhosis of the liver.

Question 28

Describe the role of vaccines in the prevention and control of viral hepatitis.

Question 29

Discuss strategies for the prevention, control, and treatment of cirrhosis of the liver.