Deck 44: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease

Question 1

In the world population, the number of deaths from nephritis or nephrosis climbed from 536,000 in 1990 to 1.19 million in 2016.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Nephrosis is kidney disease with proteinuria (excess loss of protein in the urine) in the absence of inflammatory disease.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Nephritis is an inflammatory disease of the kidneys evidenced by the presence of inflammatory cells of the immune system.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

High DALYs from chronic kidney disease are evident throughout Africa and in certain regions of the Middle East, Southern Asia, and South America.

Question 5

Diabetes is responsible for more than 40% of all cases of end-stage renal disease in the United States.

Question 6

Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity are independent risk factors for renal nephrosis.

Question 7

Chronic tobacco smoking does not increase the risk of nephropathy in diabetic patients.

Question 8

In underdeveloped countries, glomerulonephritis accounts for 10-15% of chronic kidney disease.

Question 9

In developed countries, glomerulonephritis accounts for 10-15% of chronic kidney disease.

Question 10

Glomerulonephritis usually arises due to the entrapment of antigen-antibody (immune) complexes in the basement membranes of glomeruli.

Question 11

Approximately how many people in the world population die from kidney disease every year?

A) 250,000
B) 500,000
C) 750,000
D) 1.2 million

Question 12

Diabetic nephropathy is defined by all of the following conditions except:

A) persistent albuminuria.
B) abnormally low glomerular filtration rate.
C) persistent hypertension.
D) renal inflammation.

Question 13

Glomerulonephritis is caused by all of the following conditions except:

A) malaria.
B) schistosomiasis.
C) leishmaniasis.
D) high apolipoprotein A.

Question 14

Which of the following genes increases the risk of polycystic kidney disease?

A) PKD-1
B) HLA-Cw4
C) PKD-2
D) a and c are correct.
E) a, b and c are all correct.

Question 15

Which of the following behavioral changes have been shown to help reduce kidney dysfunction in patients with diabetic nephropathy?

A) Smoking cessation
B) Blood pressure reduction
C) Glucose control
D) Weight reduction
E) a, b, and c are correct.
F) All of the above are correct.

Question 16

End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is diagnosed when the GFR falls below what level?

A) 15 ml/min/1.73m²
B) 30 ml/min/1.73m²
C) 60 ml/min/1.73m²
D) 90 ml/min/1.73m²

Question 17

In the USA, the annual case fatality rate for individuals with ESRD is approximately:

A) 5%.
B) 10%.
C) 15%.
D) 20%.

Question 18

What therapies have proven effective for ESRD?

A) Hemodialysis
B) Peritoneal dialysis
C) Kidney transplant
D) a and c are correct.
E) a, b, and c are all correct.

Question 19

Describe the basic anatomy and function of the kidneys.

Question 20

Contrast nephrosis and nephritis.

Question 21

Discuss the global epidemiology of chronic kidney disease.

Question 22

Discuss the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

Question 23

Discuss the risk factors for chronic nephrosis.

Question 24

Discuss the pathogenesis of chronic glomerulonephritis.

Question 25

Describe genetic factors that influence chronic kidney disease.

Question 26

Discuss strategies for the prevention, control, and treatment of chronic kidney disease.