Deck 41: Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

Nearly 5 million people died from diabetes in the world population during 2010.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Approximately 450 million people suffer from diabetes in the world population.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Type 1 develops primarily in children and accounts for about 5-10% of all diabetics.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Type 1 diabetes is "insulin dependent."

Question 5

Type 2 diabetes develops primarily in adults and accounts for 90-95% of all diabetics.

Question 6

Type 2 diabetes is "insulin resistant."

Question 7

The worldwide prevalence of diabetes has more than doubled in the past decade.

Question 8

Age-specific prevalence rates of diabetes are similar for men and women.

Question 9

The highest DALY rates associated with diabetes are observed in developed nations.

Question 10

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes among US adults 65 years or older is nearly 20%.

Question 11

Serum auto-antibodies reactive against the pancreatic β-cells are detectable in approximately 90% of patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

Question 12

Most cases of type 1 diabetes are due to genetic defects.

Question 13

Sardinian children have one of the highest rates of type 1 diabetes in the world.

Question 14

The global increase in rates of type 1 diabetes is likely due to shifting genetic susceptibility.

Question 15

The dominant risk factor for type 2 diabetes is obesity.

Question 16

Individuals who consume a diet with a low glycemic index are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Question 17

High levels of magnesium in the diet have been found to protect against the development of type 2 diabetes.

Question 18

The Pima Indians living in Arizona have the highest reported incidence of type 2 diabetes of any US ethnic group.

Question 19

Approximately how many annual deaths are attributable to diabetes in the world population?

A) 2 million
B) 3 million
C) 4 million
D) 5 million

Question 20

What percentage of diabetics have type 2 disease?

A) 5-10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 90-95%

Question 21

Approximately what percentage of cases with type 1 diabetes manifest autoantibodies against b cells of the Islets of Langerhans?

A) 10%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 22

Children of what island population have extremely high rates of type 1 diabetes?

A) Trinidad
B) Haiti
C) Sardinia
D) Indonesia

Question 23

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include all of the following except:

A) obesity.
B) low fiber.
C) high glycemic load.
D) high dietary magnesium.

Question 24

All of the following are risk factors linked to the high rates of type 2 diabetes in the Pima Indians living in Arizona except:

A) high intake of complex carbohydrates in the diet.
B) high dietary fat.
C) obesity.
D) high frequency of mutant β₃ adrenoreceptor gene.

Question 25

Which of the following US ethnic groups has the highest diabetic risk at lower levels of BMI?

A) African Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) American Indians

Question 26

What percentage of diabetics in the US population remain undiagnosed?

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25%

Question 27

Compared to women of normal weight, gravid obesity (BMI of 35 or more) increases the risk of type 2 diabetes by:

A) 2-fold.
B) 10-fold.
C) 20-fold.
D) 90-fold.

Question 28

What is the elevation in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes?

A) 50%
B) 75%
C) 2 to 3-fold
D) 4 to 5-fold

Question 29

Distinguish between the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Question 30

Describe the diagnostic criteria for diabetes.

Question 31

Discuss global trends in the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Question 32

Discuss global trends in the mortality from diabetes.

Question 33

Discuss the risk factors for type 1 diabetes.

Question 34

Discuss the risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

Question 35

Discuss key findings from studies of type 2 diabetes and diet.

Question 36

Contrast the diabetic risk among native Pima Indians living in Mexico with that of Pima Indians living in Arizona.

Question 37

What is the etiologic link between type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis?

Question 38

Describe specific infectious agents that increase the risk of type 1 diabetes in children.

Question 39

Briefly discuss the thrifty genotype hypothesis in regard to genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes.

Question 40

Discuss strategies for the prevention, control, and therapy of diabetes.