Deck 31: Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer

Question 1

More than 80% of cases of hyperthyroidism are due to autoimmune reactions.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Women have 3-4 times higher rates of thyroid cancer than men.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Iodine overload is associated with the development of goiter.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The lack of dietary iodine remains the leading cause of preventable mental retardation in babies and small children.

Question 5

Iodine deficiency affects approximately two billion people worldwide and causes a high burden of disease in many developing nations.

Question 6

In India, 4 million people suffer from goiter and 500,000 from cretinism.

Question 7

Dietary iodine supplementation is a safe and effective method for the primary prevention of goiter and cretinism.

Question 8

Benign thyroid adenomas often undergo malignant transformation before they can be excised.

Question 9

Only a small percentage (less than 5%) of thyroid nodules are malignant.

Question 10

During 2000-2018, the annual number of incident cases of thyroid cancer detected in the world population has increased dramatically, whereas the number of deaths has changed relatively little.

Question 11

Approximately how many people in the world population have a deficiency in iodine intake?

A) 1 billion
B) 2 billion
C) 3 billion
D) 4 billion

Question 12

Which of the following HLA alleles predisposes to Graves' disease?

A) HLA-DR3
B) HLA-Cw4
C) HLA-DR5
D) a and c are both correct.
E) a, b and c are all correct.

Question 13

Which of the following HLA alleles predisposes to Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

A) HLA-DR3
B) HLA-Cw4
C) HLA-DR5
D) a and c are both correct.
E) a, b and c are all correct.

Question 14

Iodine deficiency causes each of the following conditions except:

A) simple goiter.
B) cretinism.
C) mental impairment.
D) obesity.

Question 15

Goitrogenic agents include all of the following except:

A) components of cassava root.
B) isothiocyanates.
C) isoflavones.
D) selenium.

Question 16

Risk factors for follicular thyroid cancer include all of the following except:

A) exposure to radioactive fallout.
B) obesity.
C) fertility drugs.
D) dietary iodine.

Question 17

Mutant genes that predispose to medullary thyroid cancer include:

A) RET.
B) Rb.
C) MENIN.
D) a and c are correct.
E) a, b and c are all correct.

Question 18

Five-year survival of Stage I thyroid cancer is approximately:

A) 25%.
B) 50%.
C) 75%.
D) 95%.

Question 19

Describe the basic anatomy and function of the thyroid and parathyroid glands.

Question 20

Discuss the global burden of thyroid cancer.

Question 21

Discuss the global extent of iodine deficiency and its health impact.

Question 22

Discuss the pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism.

Question 23

Discuss the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism.

Question 24

Discuss the health impact of dietary supplementation with iodine.

Question 25

Describe US trends in the incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer.

Question 26

Discuss the risk factors for thyroid cancer.

Question 27

Discuss strategies for the prevention, control and treatment of thyroid cancer.