Deck 29: Epidemiology of Urinary Bladder Cancer

Question 1

During 2018, 549,393 new cases were diagnosed in the world population, and 199,922 people died from bladder cancer.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Bladder cancer develops about 3-4 times more frequently in women than men.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Rates of bladder cancer are highest in African nations and Eastern Mediterranean regions, particularly Egypt, where squamous cell bladder cancer arises due to chronic infection by the parasitic worm, Schistosoma haematobium.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Rates of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder urothelium are highest in Western Europe and other countries where the prevalence of smoking is high, particularly among men.

Question 5

The dominant risk factor for transitional cell urinary bladder cancer is cigarette smoking, which accounts for about two thirds of new cases in men and one third of new cases in women.

Question 6

Urinary bladder carcinogenesis associated with smoking is primarily the result of aromatic amines and arylamines present in cigarette smoke that reach the bladder mucosa.

Question 7

The analgesic medication, phenacetin, was once widely used in European nations until the drug was found to cause cancers of the renal pelvis and urinary bladder.

Question 8

Arsenic-contaminated drinking water by the population residing in Northern Chile was found to increase the risk of bladder cancer and lung cancer in a 50-year longitudinal study.

Question 9

Individuals who smoke and carry the NAT2 slow-acetylation mutation are at higher risk of developing bladder cancer than those without the mutation.

Question 10

African Americans living in the United States have higher rates of bladder cancer than Caucasian Americans.

Question 11

What histological cell type of bladder cancer is caused by chronic schistosomiasis?

A) Adenocarcinoma
B) Transitional cell carcinoma
C) Squamous cell carcinoma
D) Sarcoma

Question 12

What histological cell type of bladder cancer is caused by chronic cigarette smoking?

A) Adenocarcinoma
B) Transitional cell carcinoma
C) Squamous cell carcinoma
D) Sarcoma

Question 13

What US subgroup has the highest risk of developing bladder cancer?

A) Caucasian Americans
B) African Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) Asian Americans

Question 14

Strategies for the prevention of bladder cancer include all of the following except:

A) drinking 8-10 glasses of water per day.
B) abstinence from tobacco use.
C) avoidance of exposure to azo-dyes.
D) abstinence from all alcoholic beverages.

Question 15

Which of the following analgesic drugs is carcinogenic in the urinary bladder?

A) Aspirin
B) Ibuprofen
C) Acetaminophen
D) Phenacetin

Question 16

A genetic polymorphism of what gene causes slow acetylation of arylamines from tobacco smoke that increases the risk of bladder cancer?

A) BRCA1
B) BRCA2
C) NAT2
D) GSTM1

Question 17

Briefly characterize the global epidemiology of urinary bladder cancer.

Question 18

Characterize and discuss the two major histologic cell types of bladder cancer.

Question 19

Discuss the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Question 20

Discuss the pathogenesis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Question 21

How do genetic polymorphisms of the NAT2 gene affect the incidence rates of bladder cancer in African Americans versus Caucasian Americans?

Question 22

Discuss findings of the 50-year longitudinal study of bladder cancer in northern Chile.