Deck 9: The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Question 1

The metabolic rate of a young adult human is greatest while

A) walking at 4 miles per hour.
B) bicycling at 13 miles per hour.
C) running at 10 miles per hour.
D) crawl swimming at 2 miles per hour.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Foraging birds typically fuel this activity by

A) anaerobic mechanisms.
B) aerobic mechanisms.
C) an equal mixture of aerobic and anaerobic mechanisms.
D) an equal mixture of aerobic mechanisms and the phosphagen system.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Studies on energy costs of routine daily activity of animals focus on aerobic ATP production because

A) ATP requirements of routine daily living are mostly met aerobically.
B) ATP requirements of routine daily living are mostly met anaerobically.
C) animals generate ATP aerobically during the day.
D) all activities of interest use ATP generated aerobically.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A monitor placed on or in a study animal that stores data is called a

A) telemetric device.
B) data logger.
C) motor driven treadmill.
D) deuterium infusing device.

Question 5

A monitor placed on or in a study animal that transmits data is called a

A) telemetric device.
B) data logger.
C) motor driven treadmill.
D) deuterium infusing device.

Question 6

In an experiment in which an animal is injected with deuterium and oxygen-18 (D₂¹⁸O method) and then released into the wild, which of the following trends would you expect to see from measurements taken after a period of rest and again after a period of exercise?

A) CO₂ production will be higher during exercise than at rest.
C) CO₂ production will be equal during exercise and at rest.
D) O₂ production will be higher during exercise than at rest.
E) O₂ production will be equal during exercise than at rest.

Question 7

Which behavior represents the smallest component per unit time of the average daily metabolic rate (ADMR)?

A) An animal chasing a prey
B) An animal avoiding a predator
C) An animal sleeping in the shade
D) An animal standing guard

Question 8

If an animal spends 3 hours a day chasing a prey (49 kJ/hr) and 20 hours a day resting (using 15 kJ/hr), its total daily cost of behavior in kJ is

A) 147 kJ/day.
B) 153 kJ/day.
C) 300 kJ/day.
D) 447 kJ/day.

Question 9

If an animal spends 3 hours a day running away from a predator and 20 hours a day resting (using 20 kJ/hr), the total daily cost of behavior is 700 kJ. The kJ spent per hour running away from a predator is _______ kJ/hr.

A) 60
B) 100
C) 300
D) 400

Question 10

If an animal spends 6 hours a day chasing prey (50 kJ/hr) and 18 hours a day resting (10 kJ/hr), its average hourly cost of behavior is _______ kJ/hr.

A) 20
B) 24
C) 30
D) 50

Question 11

The average daily metabolic rate (ADMR) refers to the amount of energy expended _______ in their natural habitat.

A) during routine lives of animals
B) during strenuous physical activities of animals
C) in animals chasing prey
D) in animals avoiding a predator

Question 12

The relationship between average daily metabolic rate (ADMR) per unit of body weight and body size is a(n)

A) inverse proportion.
B) direct proportion.
C) J-shaped curve.
D) U-shaped curve.

Question 13

Which animal would display a U-shaped curve of oxygen consumption per unit of time relative to speed?

A) Sockeye salmon
B) Kangaroo
C) Ground squirrel
D) Magpie

Question 14

Based on the study done by Taylor et al. (1970), the animal whose rate of oxygen consumption relative to its running speed creates a linear plot is a

A) lizard.
B) magpie.
C) trout.
D) ground squirrel.

Question 15

As a human runs faster, her metabolic rate

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) stays the same.
D) decreases first and then increases.

Question 16

Which rate would allow an animal to continue walking for the longest period of time?

A) 15 kJ/min
B) 20 kJ/min
C) 25 kJ/min
D) 30 kJ/min

Question 17

The speed that _______ the cost of transport is the speed that _______ the distance that can be traveled with a given amount of energy.

A) maximizes; maximizes
B) sustains; maximizes
C) minimizes; maximizes
D) minimizes; minimizes

Question 18

Which rate would be most advantageous for a fish trying to swim for the longest period of time?

A) 1 m/h
B) 2 m/h
C) 3 m/h
D) 4 m/h

Question 19

For animals of any given body size, engaging in their primary form of locomotion, which activity would be the most energetically costly to cover a long distance?

A) Walking
B) Running at a high speed
C) Swimming (in fish)
D) Flying (in birds)

Question 20

For animals of any given body size, engaging in their primary form of locomotion, which is the least energetically costly way to cover a long distance?

A) Walking
B) Running at a high speed
C) Swimming (in fish)
D) Flying (in birds)

Question 21

Comparing animals that share a single primary mode of locomotion, large bodied species will cover distances at a _______ weight-specific cost than small bodied species.

A) lower
B) slightly higher
C) higher
D) much higher

Question 22

An animal weighing _______ kg can cover the greatest distance before running out of fat (assuming all the animals have the same proportion of body fat).

A) 100
B) 200
C) 300
D) 500

Question 23

Which animal covers the largest distance at the lowest weight-specific cost?

A) Millipede
B) Mouse
C) Dog
D) Horse

Question 24

Which organism would have the lowest cost of transport?

A) Duck
B) Fish
C) Goose
D) Human

Question 25

Which statement regarding an individual riding a bike and a running individual is true?

A) The individual cyclist will have less cost of transport than the runner.
B) The runner will have less cost of transport than the cyclist.
C) Both individuals will have the same cost of energy.
D) The runner will have more cost of energy during the first ten minutes and then he will have less.

Question 26

Refer to the figure shown.
Choose the most appropriate label for the x axis.

A) Body weight (kg) on a log scale
B) Body weight (g)
C) Body weight (g) on a log scale
D) Speed (m/s)

Question 27

Refer to the figure shown.
Choose the most appropriate units for the y axis.

A) J/m•s
B) J/h•g
C) J/m•kg
D) J/g•h

Question 28

Refer to the figure shown.
A horse would most likely be indicated by which data point?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 29

Refer to the figure shown.
If you were to plot a mouse on this figure, where would the data point go?

A) Close to I
B) Close to III
C) Close to VI
D) Close to V

Question 30

Energy production is highly correlated with the amount of

A) food consumed.
B) oxygen consumed.
C) water excreted.
D) carbohydrates used.

Question 31

If animal A has a V̇_O2max of 22.4 ml/g•h and animal B has a V̇_O2max of 24 ml/ g•h,

A) animal A can produce more energy.
B) animal B can produce more energy.
C) both animals can produce the same amount of energy.
D) animal A can produce more energy if it is bigger.

Question 32

V̇_O2max refers to an animal's

A) capacity to use fat as a source of energy.
B) maximum oxygen consumption.
C) maximum oxygen usage.
D) maximum energy production.

Question 33

Of the following values, an exercise requiring _______ of V̇_O2max is the most strenuous.

A) 45%
B) 55%
C) 65%
D) 75%

Question 34

Which animal will have the fastest rate of aerobic ATP production per unit of body mass?

A) Lizard
B) Monkey
C) Salamander
D) They will all have the same rate

Question 35

According to the study done by Lindstedt (1991), which animal has the highest V̇_O2max?

A) Horse
B) Dog
C) Fox
D) Pronghorn

Question 36

Which animal will have the fastest rate of aerobic ATP production per unit of body mass?

A) Lizard
B) Monkey
C) Salamander
D) They will all have the same rate

Question 37

According to the study done by Lindstedt (1991), which animal has the highest V̇_O2max?

A) Horse
B) Dog
C) Fox
D) Pronghorn

Question 38

Assuming the same body size, an individual who is _______ years old would have the lowest V̇_O2max.

A) 35
B) 40
C) 50
D) 55

Question 39

Assuming individuals of the same body size, a person who is _______ years old would have the most difficulty performing an exercise that requires 65% V̇_O2max.

A) 35
B) 40
C) 50
D) 55

Question 40

Assuming individuals of the same body size, one who is at _______ would have the lowest V̇_O2max.

A) sea level
B) 500 feet above sea level
C) 1000 feet above sea level
D) 1500 feet above sea level

Question 41

The symmorphosis hypothesis states that

A) the circulatory system is the "weakest link."
B) V̇_O2max is the maximal amount of oxygen consumed.
C) all systems have the same limitations when it comes to oxygen transport.
D) the consumed amount of oxygen is correlated with the amount of ATP produced.

Question 42

According to many physiologists, the _______ system is considered to be the "weakest link" regarding V̇_O2max.

A) circulatory
B) nervous
C) muscular
D) digestive

Question 43

When comparing the difference in V̇_O2max and resting O₂ consumption at the same temperature, we are referring to the

A) symmorphosis.
B) aerobic scope of activity.
C) aerobic expansibility.
D) aerobic capacity.

Question 44

According to the symmorphosis hypothesis, the skeletal system

A) and the circulatory system have the same capability regarding oxygen consumption.
B) has a higher capability regarding oxygen consumption compared to the circulatory system.
C) has a lower capability regarding oxygen consumption compared to the circulatory system.
D) has a lower capability regarding oxygen consumption compared to the pulmonary system.

Question 45

When looking at the ratio of V̇_O2max to resting O₂ consumption at the same temperature, we are referring to

A) symmorphosis.
B) aerobic scope of activity.
C) aerobic expansibility.
D) aerobic capacity.

Question 46

If an organism has a resting oxygen consumption of 1mL/g•h, and its V̇_O2max is 10 mL/g•h, its aerobic scope of activity will be _______ mL/g•h.

A) 9
B) 10
C) 0.1
D) 11

Question 47

If an organism has a resting oxygen consumption of 1mL/g•h, and its V̇_O2max is 10 mL/g•h, its aerobic expansibility will be

A) 0.1.
B) 0.1 mL/g•h.
C) 10 mL/g•h.
D) 10.

Question 48

If an organism has a resting oxygen consumption of 1mL/g•h, and its aerobic expansibility is 10, its V̇_O2max will be

A) 0.1.
B) 0.1 mL/g•h.
C) 10 mL/g•h.
D) 10.

Question 49

If an organism has a V̇_O2max of 5 mL/g•h, and its aerobic expansibility is 5, its resting oxygen consumption will be

A) 1.
B) 1 mL/g•h.
C) 10 mL/g•h.
D) 10.

Question 50

If an organism has a V̇_O2max of 10mL/g•h, and its aerobic scope of activity is 8 mL/g•h, its resting oxygen consumption will be _______ mL/g•h.

A) 2
B) 8
C) 0.1
D) 18

Question 51

If a human has a V̇_O2max of 2.5 ml O₂/kg•min, his O₂ consumption at rest is about _______ O₂/kg•min.

A) 0.025
B) 0.25
C) 2.5
D) 20

Question 52

If a human has a resting O₂ consumption of 10 mL/kg•min, her V̇_O2max consumption is _______ mL O₂/kg•min.

A) 1
B) 10
C) 100
D) 250

Question 53

A pronghorn can run for a longer period of time than a cheetah because a pronghorn

A) is adapted to aerobic respiration during running while the cheetah relies on anaerobic cellular respiration.
B) achieves faster speeds than the cheetah does.
C) has stronger sprinting skeletal muscles than the cheetah does.
D) more glycogen in its muscles than the cheetah does.

Question 54

An athlete weighs 70 kg. His V̇_O2max is 30 mL/kg•min. After 6 months of regular endurance training, his V̇_O2max could be as high as _______ mL/kg•min.

A) 10
B) 19
C) 39
D) 100

Question 55

An untrained sedentary person has a V̇_O2max measured at 40 mL/kg•min. After 10 weeks of intense endurance training, this person's aerobic performance has improved. A reasonable measurement of this person's V̇_O2max would be _______ mL/kg•min.

A) 40
B) 48
C) 80
D) 100

Question 56

Individual A has a V̇_O2max of 30 mL O₂/kg•min. Individual B has a V̇_O2max of 60 mL O₂/kg•min. If both individuals are competing in a soccer activity, who will be able compete for a longer period of time?

A) Individual A because he has a lower V̇_O2max.
B) Individual B because he has a higher V̇_O2max.
C) Both individuals will get tired at the same time.
D) Individual A because he has a higher capacity to produce ATP.

Question 57

Which activity requires the highest V̇_O2max?

A) Long distance running
B) Canoeing
C) Ice hockey
D) Cross-country skiing

Question 58

Compared to wild animals, humans have _____ average daily metabolic rates (ADMRs) when compared to basal metabolic rates.

A) higher
B) lower
C) similar
D) more variable

Question 59

Which one of the following activities has the highest average daily metabolic rate as a ratio of resting metabolic rate?

A) Humans hiking
B) 22-day Tour de France race
C) Gray seals nursing pups
D) Perching birds rearing young

Question 60

Prior to migration, birds tend to accumulate

A) ATP.
B) muscle.
C) muscle glycogen.
D) fat.

Question 61

Which is the optimal temperature for bumblebees to fly at?

A) 15°C
B) 20°C
C) 25°C
D) 30°C

Question 62

Which one of the following is not a major factor in bumblebee energetics?

A) Environmental temperature
B) Internal body temperature
C) Cost of ATP production
D) Flight time

Question 63

Explain in detail how metabolism is studied in running animals.

Question 64

What are some specific characteristics of the relationship between the metabolic cost per unit time and the speed of locomotion in swimming, running, and flying animals?

Question 65

What is the significance of V̇_O2max in metabolism studies?

Question 66

What is the relationship between V̇_O2max and aging? What effect does the change in V̇_O2max have on the type of exercise performed?

Question 67

What are the physiological causes of the limits of oxygen consumption?

Question 68

Suppose at a particular body temperature, a fish has a resting oxygen consumption rate of 0.05 mL/g•h and an aerobic expansibility of 6. What is its aerobic scope?

Question 69

Explain how V̇_O2max changes with endurance training.

Question 70

What is the fuel that birds store and use to meet their energy needs during migration? How are birds able to use this energy source?

Question 71

In birds, what is the advantage of using proteins as a source of energy during migration?

Question 72

Bumblebees require a specific flight muscle temperature to fly. What is this temperature and how do bumblebees maintain it during flight and while hovering between flowers?