Deck 9: Disparities in Primary, Specialty, and Tertiary Health Care Markets

Question 1

In 2015, residents of the United States visited health care providers collectively approximately 990.8 million times.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which group of physicians below received the greatest numbers of these visits?

A) Specialists
B) Tertiary care physicians
C) Primary care physicians
D) Visits were fairly evenly distributed across these three categories

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Visits to physicians in 2015 were most likely to be for:

A) Heart disease
B) Cancer
C) Depression
D) Hypertension

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Most visits to physicians that year occurred in:

A) Inpatient hospitals that performed organ transplants
B) Cancer centers
C) Dialysis centers
D) a, b, and c
E) Neither a, b, nor c

Question 5

Which researchers listed below described the new clinical Guidelines for hypertension?

A) Kendrick, Nuccio, et al. (2015)
B) Lackland (2014)
C) Smith (2017)
D) VanderWielen et al. (2015)
E) a and b
F) b and c
G) c and d
H) Neither a, b, c nor d
I) a, b, c and d

Question 6

Which researcher recommended that health care professionals may need more training on health disparities?

A) Kendrick, Nuccio, et al. (2015)
B) Lackland (2014)
C) Smith (2017)
D) VanderWielen et al. (2015)
E) a and b
F) b and c
G) c and d
H) Neither a, b nor c
I) a, b, c and d

Question 7

RAAS are the initials for renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Question 8

Which recommendations below may lead to reductions in hypertension disparities across racial/ethnic subgroups.

A) Providers should not differentiate hypertension treatment by racial/ethnic subgroup
B) Providers should differentiate treatment to the degree that their Clinical Guidelines for racial/ethnic group recommendations
C) These Guidelines may need to be well differentiated intraethnically
D) a and b
E) b and c
F) a, b and c
G) Neither a, b, nor c

Question 9

Ms. X, a Norwegian female age 55, Ms. Y, an African American female, age 55, living in England, and Ms. Z, a Scottish female, age 55 have vast differences between their systolic blood pressure rates by day and night. Based upon research by Ancheta (2014), these three individuals:

A) Have lower rates of deaths than residents of the U.S.
B) Have a serious cancer problem
C) a and b
D) None of the above

Question 10

The quizzes and examinations emphasize the name of researchers because:

A) Empirical data are needed to provide evidence of health disparities
B) The authors of these research studies must be provided if their work are cited
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 11

Balfour et al. (2015) completed research which demonstrated high prevalence rates of hypertension across a number of racial/ethnic subgroups. Which statement or statements below is/are correct?

A) Subgroups native to the Americas and to Canada had the highest hypertension prevalence rates
B) Latino Americans and Asian Americans had the lowest prevalence rates
C) Hawaii and Pacific Islanders had the same prevalence rates of diabetes as Asian Americans
D) a and b are true
E) b and c ae true
F) a, b, and c are true
G) Neither a, b nor c are true

Question 12

Dr. Phyllis Norwood is a pharmacist. She owns more than 38 pharmacies throughout the very diverse states of Arizona, California, Nevada, and Hawaii. Dr. Norwood has her Quality Control Specialist to review data on the type of medications prescribed by physicians for hypertension. She notices that hypertension medication prescriptions differ by racial/ethnic group. She correctly assumes that adverse healthcare disparities are occurring in the prescription of these hypertension medications.

Question 13

Hayslett, et al. in a 2001 study found that angiotensin II receptor blockers created the greatest degree of hypertension control among American Indians from North and Souuth Dakota, Arizona, and Oklahoma,

Question 14

Gu et al. (2008) found that while differential healthcare for hypertension are in Clinical Guidelines regarding the treatment of patients by race/ethnicity, this was not true by sex.

Question 15

Both males and females in 2008, according to Gu et al., were more likely to be prescribed:

A) Diuretics and angiotensin receptor blockers
B) ACEs
C) Calcium channel blockers
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 16

Disparity apps currently exist but should be improved and adopted annually.

A) True
B) False
C) Not discussed d, Not yet in existence

Question 17

Schwingshakl et al. (2017) found that:

A) Decreases in body weight, salt intake and level of physical activity are great prevention and self-management strategies for all subgroups
B) However, minorities have more favorable responses to diet interventions
C) a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 18

Patient Navigators may be needed to indirectly address the need for longer visits and more personal patient-centered interactions among:

A) White Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) African Americans
D) Latino Americans
E) a and b
F) b and c
G) c and d
H) Neither a, b nor c
I) a, b, c and d

Question 19

Langellier et al. (2016) found that:

A) Physicians directly discriminated against Latino children
B) Physician directly discriminated against Native American children
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 20

Green et al. (2003) found that historically, pain has been overmanaged among:

A) Pacific islanders
B) Native Americans
C) African Americans
D) Latino Americans
E) a and b
F) b and c
G) c and d
H) All of the above
I) None of the above

Question 21

Noble (2015) found that poverty can create permanent brain damage in children in ways that may affect their future capability to negotiate their life outcomes.

Question 22

According to the text, tertiary care is the most complex level of care that can be provided.

Question 23

The acronym UNOS stands for:

A) United Nations' Organization for Students
B) United Neuropathy Organization for Seniors
C) United Network for Organ Sharing
D) Universal Network of Oncologists Societies
E) None of the above

Question 24

According to the text, the recent adjustments made in the clinical guidelines for the statistical measure of hypertension:

A) Increased the number of persons with hypertension
B) Decreased the number of persons with hypertension
C) For the first time, identified hypertension as a chronic disease
D) Established hypertension as a blood pressure greater than 130/80 mm Hg
E) a and c
F) b and c
G) a, c and d
H) b, c, and d
I) a and d
J) b and d
K) None of the above

Question 25

According to the text, the use of at-home self-management support to improve medication compliance and behavioral change is a critical aspect of effective disparity out?comes disease management.