Deck 6: Prenatal and Infant Growth

Question 1

The true onset of pregnancy occurs:

A) At copulation
B) At fertilization
C) At implantation
D) When an embryo is formed
E) When the zygote is formed

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Growth begins:

A) At conception
B) At fertilization
C) At implantation
D) When an embryo is formed
E) When the zygote is formed

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The size of the ovum is approximately:

A) 4 inches/100 mm
B) 0.4 inches/10 mm
C) 0.04 inches/1 mm
D) 0.004 inches/0.1 mm
E) 0.0004 inches/0.001 mm

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Approximately _______ sperm are released from the male during intercourse.

A) 2,000
B) 20,000
C) 200,000
D) 2,000,000
E) 20,000,000

Question 5

Implantation of the fertilized egg occurs during the _____ week.

A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth
E) Fifth

Question 6

The zygote lives off ______ _______during the first week of fetal life.

A) Internal nourishment
B) The yolk
C) External nourishment
D) The placenta
E) Amniotic fluid

Question 7

After fertilization, the two cell nuclei containing the 23 chromosomes of each parent, lie side by side for a few hours before they merge to form:

A) A DNA molecule
B) An ovum
C) A monozygote
D) The zygote
E) A polyzygote

Question 8

The zygote splits into two cells through what process?

A) Mitosis
B) Zygote-division
C) Meiosis
D) Genetic division
E) Genetics

Question 9

Cell division during pregnancy is called:

A) Osmosis
B) Mitosis
C) Scoliosis
D) Meiosis
E) Lordosis

Question 10

The first 2 weeks after the egg is fertilized is called the:

A) Period of the zygote
B) Period of the endoderm
C) Embryonic period
D) Fetal period
E) Placental period

Question 11

The three layers of cells formed by the end of the first month of pregnancy are referred to as:

A) Interior, middle, exterior
B) Zygote, embryo, fetal
C) Nuclei, amnion, placenta
D) Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
E) The "stuff of life"

Question 12

Ectoderm is to _____, as mesoderm is to _____, as endoderm is to _____ covering.

A) Middle; inner; outer
B) Outer; middle; inner
C) Inner; outer; middle
D) Middle; outer; inner
E) Outer; inner; middle

Question 13

The ectoderm is responsible for development of the:

A) Digestive and glandular systems
B) Central nervous system and digestive system
C) Muscular, skeletal, circulatory systems
D) Sense organs and integumentary systems
E) Sense organs and central nervous system

Question 14

Ectoderm is to mesoderm as:

A) Skeletal system is to glandular system
B) Stomach is to bones
C) Spinal cord is to heart
D) Digestive system is to sense organs
E) Glandular systems are to integumentary system

Question 15

The risk of congenital malformations is greatest during which period or process?

A) Zygotic period
B) Embryonic period
C) Early fetal period
D) Late fetal period
E) The birth process

Question 16

The fetal heartbeat begins by ________ of the fetal period.

A) Week 1
B) Week 2
C) Week 3
D) Week 4
E) Week 5

Question 17

By the end of the sixth fetal month, which of the following is complete?

A) Structure
B) Circulatory system
C) Vascular system
D) Respiratory system
E) Function

Question 18

Amniocentesis is generally performed around the 16th-18th week of pregnancy. What occurs during this period that is the basis for amniocentesis?

A) Food digestion by the fetus
B) Sloughed off skin and respiratory cells
C) Shedding of lanugo
D) The occurrence of vernix caseosa
E) Bone growth development

Question 19

The fetus is structurally complete by the ________ month.

A) First
B) Third
C) Fifth
D) Seventh
E) Ninth

Question 20

The developing fetus opens and closes its mouth, swallows, and clenches its fist by the ________ month.

A) Fourth
B) Fifth
C) First
D) Second
E) Third

Question 21

The first reflex actions of the fetus, which are opening and closing the mouth, swallowing, and clenching its fist, are first felt during which period?

A) Zygotic period
B) Neonatal period
C) Embryonic period
D) Early fetal period
E) Late fetal period

Question 22

Of the following, which does not occur during the later fetal period?

A) Transparent cartilaginous skeleton begins to turn into bony tissue
B) A layer of adipose tissue begins to form under the skin
C) Lanugo hair is shed
D) Vernix fluid is shed
E) Nails grow beyond the ends of the fingers and toes

Question 23

The birth process is initiated by:

A) Reflexive kicking of the fetus
B) Shifting of the fetus into a non-breech position
C) The placenta and contraction of the uterine musculature
D) The size of the fetus
E) None of these is correct.

Question 24

During the neonatal period it is difficult for the baby to gain and maintain equilibrium because:

A) There is still fluid in the ears which affects the equilibrium.
B) The equilibrium centers of the feet are not developed.
C) The head is one quarter the length of the body.
D) The eyes and ears have not been sensitized to the environment.
E) Primitive reflexes are present.

Question 25

Typically, the length of the full-term newborn is:

A) 15-17 inches
B) 17-19 inches
C) 19-21 inches
D) 21-23 inches
E) 23-25 inches

Question 26

Infant birth weight is most closely associated with:

A) Socioeconomic and nutritional status
B) Education level
C) Environment conditions
D) Maternal emotional state
E) Prenatal stress level

Question 27

During infancy:

A) Boys and girls are similar in terms of height and weight.
B) Boys and girls evidence few gender differences in terms of motor development.
C) The growth process is quite similar for both sexes.
D) The developmental process is highly similar for both sexes.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 28

The normal-term infant ranges in weight from:

A) 4-6 lbs
B) 6-8 lbs
C) 8-10 lbs
D) 10-12 lbs
E) 12-14 lbs

Question 29

At birth the head is about ____ percent of the entire length of infant.

A) 5
B) 15
C) 25
D) 35
E) 50

Question 30

When babies are born, their head accounts for one-fourth of their body, and the ratio of trunk to lower limb length is 3:4. After birth, the head growth slows, trunk growth proceeds at a moderate rate, limb growth is faster, and growth of the hands and feet is the most rapid. This is an example of what type of development?

A) Proximodistal development
B) Cephalocaudal development
C) Proportionality development
D) All of these are correct
E) Proximodistal and cephalocaudal development

Question 31

By the fifth month of life, birth weight has:

A) Increased by 25%
B) Increased by 50%
C) Doubled
D) Tripled
E) Stayed the same