Question 1

The classic example of fake news leading to harassment and violence is&#8230;&#10;A) The &#34;Pizzagate&#34; incident&#10;B) Watergate&#10;C) 9/11 terrorist attacks&#10;D) Columbine

Accepted Answer

The "Pizzagate" incident is a classic example of how fake news can lead to harassment and violence. It involved a false conspiracy theory that accused a pizza restaurant in Washington, D.C., of being the center of a child sex ring led by prominent Democrats, leading to a man firing a rifle inside the establishment.

Question 2

A lie intentionally fabricated to appear truthful and to gain an advantage (financial or otherwise) or to provoke a reaction is a&#8230;&#10;A) Spoof&#10;B) Hoax&#10;C) Opinion&#10;D) Satire

Accepted Answer

A hoax is a falsehood deliberately fabricated to masquerade as the truth. It is often used to deceive or mislead, potentially for financial gain or to provoke a reaction.

Question 3

Illegitimate reasons for believing a claim are&#8230;&#10;A) Close to the truth&#10;B) Irrelevant to the truth of a claim&#10;C) Rarely used&#10;D) Rational

Accepted Answer

Irrelevant reasons for believing a claim do not logically support the truth of the claim, making them illegitimate grounds for belief.

Question 4

Reasonable skepticism entails that&#8230;&#10;A) We doubt everything&#10;B) We do not believe a claim unless we feel it's true&#10;C) We accept all claims until they are proved false&#10;D) We do not believe a claim unless there are legitimate reasons for doing so

Accepted Answer

Reasonable skepticism involves a critical approach to information, where claims are not accepted without sufficient evidence or legitimate reasons. It does not mean doubting everything, relying solely on feelings, or accepting all claims until proven false.

Question 5

Fake news is&#8230;&#10;A) News that government officials don't like&#10;B) A conspiracy&#10;C) Deliberately false or misleading news stories that masquerade as truthful reporting&#10;D) True news stories that seem fake

Accepted Answer

Fake news refers to deliberately false or misleading news stories that are presented as genuine journalism. These stories are created with the intention to deceive, often for political or financial gain, rather than simply being news that is disliked by government officials, part of a conspiracy, or true stories that appear false.

Question 6

Legitimate reasons for believing a claim come from&#8230;&#10;A) Reliable evidence, trustworthy sources, and critical reasoning&#10;B) Social media&#10;C) Sources that agree with a preferred partisan view&#10;D) Sources that reinforce your personal beliefs

Accepted Answer

Legitimate reasons for believing a claim include reliable evidence, which is information that is supported by facts; trustworthy sources, which are entities known for their credibility and accuracy; and critical reasoning, which involves analyzing and evaluating information logically. These elements help ensure that the belief in a claim is based on solid grounds rather than biases or misinformation.

Question 7

Someone who is prepared to believe almost anything given enough good reasons is...&#10;A) A gullible person&#10;B) Undisciplined&#10;C) A good critical thinker&#10;D) Very intelligent

Accepted Answer

A good critical thinker is open to believing new information or ideas when presented with sufficient evidence or good reasons, demonstrating flexibility in thought and the ability to evaluate evidence.

Question 8

When professional fact-checkers want to know whether a website is a reliable source of information, they...&#10;A) Read vertically&#10;B) Spend a long time on the website&#10;C) Read laterally&#10;D) Check the website's design

Accepted Answer

Professional fact-checkers often employ the strategy of reading laterally, which means they leave the initial website to consult other sources and verify the credibility and reputation of the information presented. This approach helps in assessing the reliability of the original site by comparing it with external references and expert opinions.

Question 9

Skilled researchers. . .&#10;A) Do not use Google&#10;B) Do not consult Google except as a last resort&#10;C) Use Google sensibly&#10;D) Do not use Google Scholar

Accepted Answer

Skilled researchers use Google sensibly as a tool among many for gathering information, understanding it's not the only source but can be valuable when used correctly.

Question 10

A technique that helps you put a website's information in proper perspective, uncover errors and bias, pinpoint consensus and disagreement among experts, and find out where the preponderance of evidence points is. . .

A) Looking for confirming evidence
B) Consulting a variety of sources
C) Denying confirming evidence
D) Reading vertically

Accepted Answer

Consulting a variety of sources allows for a comprehensive view on a topic, helping to uncover errors, biases, and consensus among experts, thereby providing a well-rounded perspective.

Question 11

A key question to ask in determining the credibility of a website is&#8230;&#10;A) Are the claims plausible&#10;B) Is the site well designed&#10;C) Is the name of the site impressive&#10;D) How many people have visited the site

Accepted Answer

The answer of A key question to ask in determining...

Question 12

By reading laterally, you can quickly&#8230;&#10;A) Determine who is really behind the information you're seeing&#10;B) Find out if you agree with the site's claims&#10;C) Discover the designer of the site&#10;D) Determine how much traffic the site gets

Accepted Answer

The answer of By reading laterally, you can quickly&#8230;&#10;A) Determine...

Question 13

Critical thinking tells us that it is reasonable to&#8230;&#10;A) Accept claims that are popular on social media&#10;B) Accept claims that are supported independently by reliable authorities, evidence, or other claims that you know to be true&#10;C) Accept claims that are asserted by the partisans we prefer&#10;D) Never accept claims online

Accepted Answer

The answer of Critical thinking tells us that it is...

Question 14

When you type questions or key words into Google, the first sources listed will almost certainly be&#8230;&#10;A) The most accurate&#10;B) Sources that have already been fact-checked&#10;C) Sponsored sources-ads-which are likely to be biased or misleading&#10;D) The most useful

Accepted Answer

The answer of When you type questions or key words...

Question 15

To use Google to search inside the USA Today site for an article on coronavirus, type&#8230;&#10;A) related:usatoday.com&#10;B) coronavirus&#10;C) usa today&#10;D) site:usatoday.com coronavirus

Accepted Answer

The answer of To use Google to search inside the...

Question 16

The best cure for confirmation bias is&#8230;&#10;A) To look only for disconfirming evidence&#10;B) To look for disconfirming as well as confirming evidence&#10;C) To select evidence according to your needs&#10;D) To look for evidence that confirms your existing beliefs

Accepted Answer

The answer of The best cure for confirmation bias is&#8230;&#10;A)...

Question 17

A major obstacle to critical thinking about fake images is that&#8230;&#10;A) People are good at recognizing when images have been changed or doctored&#10;B) People are skeptical of all photos and videos&#10;C) People tend not to believe photos and videos&#10;D) People tend to believe photos and videos, too easily thinking that what they see is the whole, undistorted truth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A major obstacle to critical thinking about...

Question 18

Reasonable skepticism in evaluating images involves&#8230;&#10;A) Unlearning the habit of automatically accepting a photo or video at face value&#10;B) Believing that an image is what it purports to be unless there are good reasons not to...&#10;C) Believing that every image is fake&#10;D) Avoiding images online

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reasonable skepticism in evaluating images involves&#8230;&#10;A) Unlearning...

Question 19

Counterfeit videos that have been manipulated with artificial intelligence (AI) to show people doing things they never actually did and saying things they never actually said are called&#8230;&#10;A) Counterfeit fakes&#10;B) Spurious images&#10;C) Inauthentics&#10;D) Deepfakes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Counterfeit videos that have been manipulated with...

Question 20

The best that nonexperts can do to detect deepfakes is to&#8230;&#10;A) Go with your gut&#10;B) Read Vertically&#10;C) Read laterally&#10;D) Assume every image is a deepfake

Accepted Answer

The answer of The best that nonexperts can do to...

Question 21

What can a nonexpert do to try to detect deepfakes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What can a nonexpert do to try...

Question 22

Do you agree that it's unethical to share fake news? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Do you agree that it's unethical to...

Question 23

What does reasonable skepticism entail?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does reasonable skepticism entail?...

Question 24

What does reading laterally involve?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does reading laterally involve?...

Question 25

What are three questions to ask to help you determine the reliability of an online source?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are three questions to ask to...

Deck 4: Fake News